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American Red Cross First Aid, CPR, and AED (2 latest
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What are questions you should ask to gain information from a victim? -
answers - :SAMPLE
Signs and symptoms Allergies Medicine Pertinent medical history Last thing to eat or drink Events leading up to the injury or illness
What is one of the most dangerous threats to a seriously ill or injured person? -
answers - :Unnecessary movement
What is shock? - answers - :Insufficient blood flow throughout the body
Signals of shock - answers - :Restlessness or irritability
Altered level of consciousness
Nausea or vomiting Pale, ashen or grayish, cool, moist skin
Treatment and prevention of shock - answers - :Have the person lie down,
control any external bleeding, reassure the person, leave them laying flat Under normal conditions, how long can a person be without oxygen before
possible brain damage occurs? - answers - :4-6 minutes
Respiratory distress - answers - :A condition in which breathing becomes
difficult
Respiratory arrest - answers - :When breathing stops
4 signals of respiratory distress - answers - :Noise when breathing,
pain/discomfort, working hard to breath, fast breathing
2 skills used to clear an obstructed airway in conscious choking for an adult/child -
answers - :Back blows and abdominal thrusts
2 skills used to clear an obstructed airway in conscious choking for an infant -
answers - :Back blows and chest thrusts
An emergency involving an unconscious adult is more likely a ___________
emergency - answers - :Cardiac
What is the purpose of recovery position? - answers - :Placing a peson in this
position will help keep the airway open and clear What system must be working in the victim when you place them in the recovery
position? - answers - :Cardiovascular
When can behaviors/habits that may possibly harm the heart and blood vessels
begin? - answers - :At any age
Name four controllable risk factors that increase the risk of heart disease -
answers - :Smoking, diet, blood pressure, exercise
5 signals/symptoms of a heart attack - answers - :Pain/pressure in the chest
that lasts more than 3-5 minutes, (slowly starting) mild pain, not relieved by rest, medicine, or changing position, pain spreads to shoulder, arm, neck, or jaw, may show no signals at all What common pain reliever can be given to a conscious person suffering a heart attack to reduce the effects of the attack while waiting for EMS to arrive and why?
- answers - :Aspirin because its a blood thinner
What is the name of the 5 step procedure that increases a victim's chance of
survival if followed? List the steps - answers - :Cardiac Chain of Survival
Early recognition and early access to EMS, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced medical care
3 causes of cardiac arrest in children - answers - :Airway problems, traumatic
injury, hard blow to the chest With "cardio" (heart) and "pulmonary" (lungs) in mind, what are you taking over
when you perform CPR on a victim? - answers - :Beating of heart and breathing
(function of the organs)
Why is the correct hand positioning important when performing CPR? -
answers - :Helps circulate oxygen efficiently, saves you energy
Infant CPR - answers - :2 or 3 fingers in the center of the chest, 1/2 inch
compressions until chest clearly rises, 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds, 2 breaths
Child CPR - answers - :2 hands in center of chest, 2 inch compressions until
chest clearly rises, 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds, 2 breaths
Adult CPR - answers - :2 hands in center of chest, at least 2 inch compressions
until chest clearly rises, 30 chest compressions in about 18 seconds, 2 breaths
Two types of soft tissue wounds - answers - :Closed and open
What is a closed wound? - answers - :Skin's surface is not broken, therefore
tissue damage and bleeding occur below the surface (minor closed wound is a bruise)
Care for a minor closed wound - answers - :Apply ice
Care for a major closed wound - answers - :Call 911
Four types of open wounds and signals of each - answers - :Abrasions: scrape,
road rash, strawberry Laceration: possible heavy bleeding, possible numbness, cut in the skin Avulsions: skin is partially or completely torn away, amputation, heavy bleeding Puncture: gunshot wound, pointed object pierces skin
Care for a minor open wound - answers - :Direct pressure, wash with soap and
water, antibiotic ointment, cover with a sterile bandage
Care for a major open wound - answers - :Gloves, control bleeding, monitor
person's condition, care for shock, provide reassurance
What is a tourniquet? - answers - :A tight band, used only on extremities when
the wound cannot be reached or in extreme situations the you have no other options
3 types of burns - answers - :First degree/ superficial, second degree/ partial
thickness, third degree/ full thickness
4 steps a lay responder (you) will take in an emergency - answers - :1.
Recognize that an emergency exists
- Decide to act
- Activate the ems system
- Give care until help takes over
4 primary ways to recognize an emergency - answers - :1. Unusual noises
- Unusual sights
- Unusual odors
- Unusual appearances
Why might someone decide not to help someone who needs it? - answers -
:Scared, don't know what to do, pressure/ people are watching, don't want to be held responsible
How can a person prevent disease transmission while providing help? -
answers - :Use protective cpr breathing barriers, use gloves, avoid contact with
bodily fluids, do not drink or eat after giving care until washing your hands
A person who is choking
List 6 situations where you would call 911 - answers - :Unconscious, breathing
problem, chest pain, severe external bleeding, severe burns, suspected poisoning
3 situation when you would have to move a victim - answers - :Immediate
danger (fire, lack of oxygen), someone else has a more severe problem and you have to get to them, when it is necessary to give proper care
For the purposes of first aid, define an adult, child, and infant - answers - :Adult
Child 1- 12 Infant under 1
How should you begin the interview - answers - :Ask for consent then sample
4 step care for all types of burns - answers - :Stop, cool, cover loosely, call 911
if necessary
Care for thermal burns - answers - :Flush with cool or cold potable water
Care for electrical burns - answers - :Wait until electricity is turned off
Care for chemical burns - answers - :If powder, then brush off
If liquid, then flush
Care for radiation - answers - :Call 911 and isolate the person
What body structures to musculoskeletal injuries affect? - answers - :Bones,
muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments
Describe a fracture - answers - :Break of a bone, can be in or out of skin
Describe a dislocation - answers - :Movement of a body part away from its
location
Company and contrast a sprain and strain - answers - :Both joint injuries
Muscle/tendon can be strained, ligament can be sprained (normally more serious)
Splinting should be used only... - answers - :If you are going to transport them
to the hospital for care
What does RICE stand for? - answers - :Rest, immobilize, cold, elevate
Besides calling 911 what is the most important thing to remember when you
suspect a head, neck, or back injury? - answers - :Avoid unnecessary
movement
