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AMLS FINAL EXAM-STUDY GUIDE|| 2025 - 2026||REAL
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
A 20-year-old female presents with a 2-day history of dyspnea, nonproductive cough, chest tightness, and audible wheezing. Further exam reveals no fever or stridor. The patient has rapid respirations with difficulty exhaling. Which diagnosis is most likely? - CORRCT ANSWER- Bronchiolitis A 22 - year-old male has recently undergone a surgical procedure to repair an injury to thoracic vertebrae T4-T6. Assessment indicates the patient is alert and oriented, bradycardic, hypotensive, and has warm, dry skin. Which type of shock is most likely occurring? - CORRCT ANSWER- Neurogenic A 38 - year-old presents with mild chest tightness and urticaria after mowing the lawn. He felt a "sting" in his left lower leg and states the symptoms came on suddenly. BP 130/82, P 100, R 20 with a normal work of breathing and clear lung sounds. The healthcare provider should: - CORRCT ANSWER - Initiate an IV with 0.9% normal salineand administer 0.5mg of epinephrine A 45-year-old patient is found supine on the floor. Healthcare providers note pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations, and vomitus in and around the mouth. What course of action should be taken next? - CORRCT ANSWER- Supplemental oxygen and suction A 50 - year-old female has called 911. She complains of shortness of breath and chest discomfort. Assessment reveals her skin is pale, moist, and cool. BP is 102/68, R 24,
labored with crackles, P of 130 and regular. Which type of shock is most likely occurring? - CORRCT ANSWER- Cardiogenic A 55 - year-old complains of an "aching" chest discomfort that persists over several days. The patient has a temperature of 101F (38.3C). Which finding will help narrow the diagnosis to pericarditis? - CORRCT ANSWER-ST- segment elevation in all leads A 62-year-old patient presents with a severe headache. It is described as a "thunderclap" accompanied with nausea, blurred vision, and an elevated blood pressure. What neurologic condition is most likely causing this patient's presentation? - CORRCT ANSWER- Subarachnoid hemorrhage A caregiver for a quadriplegic patient notes an onset of difficulty in breathing and anxiousness in her patient. Further assessment shows a temperature of 101.2F (38C), P 128, BP 86/68, and R 24. Physical exam shows the skin is warm and urine in the catheter is dark yellow and cloudy. This patient is most likely experiencing what type of shock? - CORRCT ANSWER- Septic A daughter states that her 72-year-old mother has a history of hypertension, high cholesterol, and rheumatoid arthritis. Daily medications include aspirin, Tenormin, Plaquenil, and Plavix. She is concerned as her mother has mixed up her medications and is now lethargic with diminished respirations. Vital signs are P 58 and regular, R 10 and shallow, and BP 90/74. Blood glucose level is 52mg/dL (2.8mmol/L). Which medication toxicity would be indicative of this presentation? - CORRCT ANSWER- Beta Blocker
replacement surgery. She complains of a rash that is red and has small bumps. She has been feeling ill for several days. What is the most likely working diagnosis? - CORRCT ANSWER- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus A patient presents anxious with difficulty in breathing and chest pain. An assessment reveals hypotension, muffled heart tones, and distended neck veins. There is a past medical history of pericarditis. The provider notes that there is decrease in systolic blood pressure when the patient inhales. Which diagnosis would be considered with this presentation? - CORRCT ANSWER-Cardiac tamponade Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pathologic change? - CORRCT ANSWER-Breakdown of the alveolar-capillary membrane An age-related change that increases the risk of respiratory compromise is: - CORRCT ANSWER-Decrease in lung compliance An elderly patient is receiving nursing care at home while recuperating from a recent knee surgery. A post-operative infection developed, and the patient has been on antibiotics for quite some time. She is complaining of a foul-smelling diarrhea, and abdominal cramping and loss of appetite. On the basis of this presentation, the provider should suspect: - CORRCT ANSWER-Clostridium difficile (C Diff) An elderly patient with a 1-week history of productive cough and wheezing notices an increase in difficulty in breathing when grocery shopping. Further assessment reveals pursed lip breathing, rhonchi, and minimal jugular vein distention. Which diagnosis should should the healthcare provider suspect? - CORRCT ANSWER-COPD
Anaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event? - CORRCT ANSWER- Vasodilation Continuous positive airway pressure would be most beneficial in treating which patient?
- CORRCT ANSWER-A 22 - year-old with severe asthma who is not responding to nebulizer treatments During compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensine-aldosterone system is activated to cause a/an: - CORRCT ANSWER-Increase in preload, afterload, and re-absorption of sodium Healthcare providers are assessing an obese 49 - year-old who is lethargic and has not been feeling well for several days. His family reports a history of extreme thirst. Vital signs are P 143, R 14, and BP 88/58. He takes medication for type 2 diabetes daily. What is the most probably working diagnosis? - CORRCT ANSWER-Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma Healthcare providers are responding to a near-drowning at a local lake. The patient is experiencing uncontrollable shivering and complains of nausea and weakness. The patient had been treading water for 25 minutes and now presents with tachycardia and rapid respirations. Core body temperature is 93.2F (34C). Which diagnosis is most likely? - CORRCT ANSWER-Mild hypothermia Healthcare providers are treating a 49 - year-old male complaining of diffuse abdominal cramping. He has been ill with vomiting for 3 days. What working diagnosis is most probable? - CORRCT ANSWER-Gastroenteritis
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is most common in patients with a history of: - CORRCT ANSWER-Left-sided heart failure Patients with a history of COPD that present with an acute onset of shortness of breath are likely to have which condition? - CORRCT ANSWER-Pulmonary embolism Respiratory alkalosis may occur as a result of: - CORRCT ANSWER-Fever and anxiety The AMLS Assessment Pathway first advises safety and initial observations of the scene. The second process described in this pathway asks the healthcare provider to: - CORRCT ANSWER-Identify and manage life-threats The healthcare provider is assessing a 60-year-old female patient with complaints of indigestion and mild upper abdominal discomfort. This presentation should prompt the provider to: - CORRCT ANSWER-Perform a 12 - lead ECG The most common underlying medical conditions found in patients with acute pancreatitis is: - CORRCT ANSWER-Gall stones and heavy alcohol use The patient complains of sharp chest pain that worsens when supine. He is bed ridden due to complications from a recent hip surgery. The patient is tachypneic adn the ECG reveals sinus tachycardia. What is the patient's working diagnosis? - CORRCT ANSWER-Pulmonary embolism The patient presents with a history of fever and an upper respiratory infection. Historical information reveals increasing water intake, orthostatic hypotension, and an increase in
urination. You suspect these symptoms are caused by: - CORRCT ANSWER- Hyperglycemia The provider assesses a patient suffering from fever, nausea, vomiting, and peri- umbilical pain. Further evaluation reveals right lower quadrant pain and lower back pain. A physical exam reveals an increase in right lower quadrant pain when the patient's right leg is extended from the hip. Which working diagnosis is most appropriate? - CORRCT ANSWER-Appendicitis What clinical findings are most commonly associated with a pulmonary embolus? - CORRCT ANSWER-Clear breath sounds with tachypnea What condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis? - CORRCT ANSWER- Narcotic overdose What is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC)? - CORRCT ANSWER-Crystalloid IV fluid administration When assessing geriatric patients, infectious diseases are more difficult to identify for all the following reasons EXCEPT: - CORRCT ANSWER-Heightened immune response is common Which assessment finding is crucial to obtain from a patient suspected of a stroke? - CORRCT ANSWER-Onset of symptoms Which of the following is a hallmark sign of tricyclic antidepressant toxicity? - CORRCT
