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Analog and Digital Signals - Analog Electronics - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science

These are the Lecture Slides of Analog Electronics which includes Analog Electronics, Input Resistance, Analog Modulators, Logic Gates, Frequency Amplifiers, Device Parameter Tracking, Bias Stability, Stabilizing Neg Feedback Resistor etc. Key important points are: Analog and Digital Signals, Transreceiver, Neuronal Implants, Linear Amplifiers, Multiply Amplitude, Constant Scalar Quantity, Distortion, Real Amplifiers, Transfer Characteristics, Amplifier Input

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 03/21/2013

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Analog and Digital Signals

Analog Signals are links to the real world

Transreceiver

Linear Amplifiers (2)

  • Symbol for a single-ended

input linear voltage amplifier.

  • Ideally provides linear

voltage gain regardless of the amplitude of the input signal

  • Real amplifiers have power supplies that limit the amplitude of the output
  • If input is too large, output

clamps

Transfer Characteristics (1)

Plot of amplifier output versus amplifier input

Transfer Characteristics (2)

  • Gain = Slope
  • To operate amplifier in its linear region, the input

must be kept small enough

Real Transfer Characteristics

  • Each circle represents a different DC component for the input and output signals – called an operating point
  • Location of operating point has an effect on - input signal range - amplifier gain magnitude - amount of distortion

Signal Convention (1)

  • DC magnitudes in uppercase symbol and

subscript

  • Example: I (^) D, VD
  • Ac signal quantities in lowercase symbol &

subscript

  • Example: i (^) d (t), v (^) d(t)
  • Total DC + ac signal quantities in lowercase

symbol, uppercase subscript

  • Example: i (^) D(t), v (^) D (t)

Signal Convention (2)

In general vD(t) = VD + vd (t) i (^) C(t) = I (^) C + ic(t)

Superposition

  • If the amplifier is linear, superposition can be

applied. Each component can be determined seperately.

  • Determine the DC magnitude of the output using

DC model (i.e capacitors are open circuited, inductors are short circuited)

  • Example: I (^) O, VO
  • Determine the ac signal component of the output

using the ac model (i.e., DC sources are killed and capacitors are short circuited, inductors are open circuited) as

  • Example: v (^) o (t) = Av v (^) i(t)

Amplifier Classification

Current Current Current

Current Voltage Transresistance

Voltage Current Transconductance

Voltage Voltage Voltage

Input Output Type

Loaded Voltage Amplifier

Ro Av (^) i

vi

vo

Ri

+ RL

Rs vs

+

o L

L

s i

i

s

o

R R

R

R R

R

A

v

v

Ideal Current Amplifier

Real Current Amplifier

Ai (^) i

i (^) i i^ o

Ai (^) i

i (^) i i^ o Ri Ro

Loaded Ideal Current Amplifier

A

i

i

s

o

Ai (^) i RL

i (^) i i (^) s Rs

i (^) o

Loaded Current Amplifier

Ai (^) i RL

i (^) i i (^) s RS

i (^) o Ri Ro

o L

o

s i

s

s

o

R R

R

R R

R

A

i

i