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Analog and Digital Signals
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Analog and Digital Signals - Analog Electronics - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science
These are the Lecture Slides of Analog Electronics which includes Analog Electronics, Input Resistance, Analog Modulators, Logic Gates, Frequency Amplifiers, Device Parameter Tracking, Bias Stability, Stabilizing Neg Feedback Resistor etc. Key important points are: Analog and Digital Signals, Transreceiver, Neuronal Implants, Linear Amplifiers, Multiply Amplitude, Constant Scalar Quantity, Distortion, Real Amplifiers, Transfer Characteristics, Amplifier Input
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Analog and Digital Signals
Analog Signals are links to the real world
Transreceiver
Linear Amplifiers (2)
- Symbol for a single-ended
input linear voltage amplifier.
- Ideally provides linear
voltage gain regardless of the amplitude of the input signal
- Real amplifiers have power supplies that limit the amplitude of the output
- If input is too large, output
clamps
Transfer Characteristics (1)
Plot of amplifier output versus amplifier input
Transfer Characteristics (2)
- Gain = Slope
- To operate amplifier in its linear region, the input
must be kept small enough
Real Transfer Characteristics
- Each circle represents a different DC component for the input and output signals – called an operating point
- Location of operating point has an effect on - input signal range - amplifier gain magnitude - amount of distortion
Signal Convention (1)
- DC magnitudes in uppercase symbol and
subscript
- Example: I (^) D, VD
- Ac signal quantities in lowercase symbol &
subscript
- Example: i (^) d (t), v (^) d(t)
- Total DC + ac signal quantities in lowercase
symbol, uppercase subscript
- Example: i (^) D(t), v (^) D (t)
Signal Convention (2)
In general vD(t) = VD + vd (t) i (^) C(t) = I (^) C + ic(t)
Superposition
- If the amplifier is linear, superposition can be
applied. Each component can be determined seperately.
- Determine the DC magnitude of the output using
DC model (i.e capacitors are open circuited, inductors are short circuited)
- Example: I (^) O, VO
- Determine the ac signal component of the output
using the ac model (i.e., DC sources are killed and capacitors are short circuited, inductors are open circuited) as
- Example: v (^) o (t) = Av v (^) i(t)
Amplifier Classification
Current Current Current
Current Voltage Transresistance
Voltage Current Transconductance
Voltage Voltage Voltage
Input Output Type
Loaded Voltage Amplifier
Ro Av (^) i
vi
vo
Ri
+ RL
Rs vs
+
o L
L
s i
i
s
o
R R
R
R R
R
A
v
v
Ideal Current Amplifier
Real Current Amplifier
Ai (^) i
i (^) i i^ o
Ai (^) i
i (^) i i^ o Ri Ro
Loaded Ideal Current Amplifier
A
i
i
s
o
Ai (^) i RL
i (^) i i (^) s Rs
i (^) o
Loaded Current Amplifier
Ai (^) i RL
i (^) i i (^) s RS
i (^) o Ri Ro
o L
o
s i
s
s
o