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Analytical Chemistry 1

Practice

Qualitative Analytical Chemistry (Cation-Anion

Analysis)

Course objectives This course provides a one semester study of basic analytical laboratory techniques, used in qualitative analysis. At the end of the semester students should;

• use analytical glasswares and associated lab equipments properly,
• discover the chemical principles of systematic analysis of cations-anions,
• operate basic qualitative analytical techniques like precipitation, filtration, flame tests, color observation etc.,
• apply laboratory safety rules strictly.

Grading

• Midterm exam 20%
• Lab performance + quizzes 20%
• Final exam 60% Attendances
• In case of 30% or more absences you will be graded F
• Medical excuse is not valid for the course as it is a practical course

Analytical Chemistry What is Analytical Chemistry? "Analytical chemistry is the science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of matter. In other words, it is the art and science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists. " What Do Analytical Chemist Do? "Analytical chemists use their knowledge of chemistry, instrumentation, computers, and statistics to solve problems in almost all areas of chemistry and for all kinds of industries. For example, their measurements are used to assure the safety and quality of food, pharmaceuticals, and water; to assure compliance with environmental and other regulations; to support the legal process; to help physicians diagnose diseases; and to provide measurements and documentation essential to trade and commerce." American Chemical Society, Analytical Chemistry Definition

Qualitative Analysis In qualitative analysis, an analytical reaction has to be: 1 .Observable: Precipation, dissolution of a precipitate, color change, gas evolution or heat exchange.

2. Sensitive: Low amount of samples need to be detected.
3. Specific: Only intended analyte should be reacted. Other substances that possibly exist in the sample should not be reacted.

General Terms

• Solution : a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
• Solvent : a substance that is in excess amount comparing other

substances and dissolves them in a solution.

• Solute : a substance dissolved in solvent.
• Precipitation : formation of a solid in a solution.
  • Separation of a precipitate
    • Filtration: precipiate can be separated from supernatant using a filter paper and a funnel.
    • Decantation: heavy, large-grained particles can be separated from supernatant by transferring liquid part to another tube.
    • Centrifugation: is a process which involves the application of the centripetal force for the sedimentation of heterogeneous mixtures with a centrifuge instrument Filtration Decantation Centrifugation

Labwares in Analytical Chemistry I Practice

Pipette Erlenmeyer flask Beaker Tripod

support

Bunsen burner Test tubes Crucibles

Washing bottle Triangle

Labwares in Analytical Chemistry I Practice Platinum wire Spatula Centrifuge Watch glass Centrifuge tube Forcept (^) Wooden tongs Rubber Bulb Wire Gauze

Rules

• Be punctual! Never come late. (Late comers are not allowed to come in!)
• Lab coats, googles and gloves must be worn at all times whilst working in the lab.
• Do not shout in the laboratory.
• Eating and drinking is forbidden in the laboratory (including chewing gum).
• If you have an urgent issue, you may go outside with the permission of the teaching assistants (T.A.) (talking with cellulars are not allowed use in the lab, you may only take photos)
• Work slowly and carefully. Don’t try to rush things in the laboratory.
• Absolutely no fooling around or horse play will be tolerated in the laboratory
• Shoes must be worn in the laboratory at all times. These must be covered- top. NO sandals or spaghetti-strap high-heels are permitted.

Rules

• Do not mouth-pipet; use a rubber bulb.
• The wearing of shorts is forbidden in all Analytical Chemistry labs
• In case of chemical burns, Immediately run copious amounts of cool water to the affected area. Never apply an acid (base) to neutralize any base (acid) you may have gotten on you. Always wash with large amounts of cold water.
• Never point the top of a test tube, beaker, flask etc., at yourself or anyone else.
• Loose long hair can be a danger as open flame is used in Analytical Chemistry Lab. Please try to keep your hair bound in some manner.
• For wastes, ask your T.A. for disposal (container or sink)
• Clean up all spills immediately.