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Analytical Chemistry Spring 2009 DESCRIPTION CHEM 321 is designed to provide the student with the theoretical background and practical problem solving skills needed for quantitative chemical analyses. The primary emphasis is on practical problem solving. A major emphasis is also placed on the statistical treatment of experimental uncertainty. Methods for assessing the quality of data are covered in detail and students will learn to critically analyze data. Good problem solving skills are essential for success in this course. Detailed examples for the most common types of chemical analyses are covered. Many other analyses can be performed by similar but modified approaches, so a student should be able to adapt the methods that have been learned to solve related problems. TEXT Daniel C. Harris, "Quantitative Chemical Analysis", Seventh Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company (2006). textbook web page: http://bcs.whfreeman.com/qca7e/ CLASS HOURS MWF 2:10 –3 : OFFICE HOURS MWF 10-11, 3-4 T 1-2 or by appointment Byrd Center 315 304-876-5430 ddilella@shepherd.edu web page: http://WEBPAGES.SHEPHERD.EDU/DDILELLA/ PREREQUISITES CHEM 207, 207L, 209, 209L. Computer skills are not a prerequisite but students who do not know how to use a computer spreadsheet program should see the instructor as soon as possible to get special tutoring. With the aid of a computer spreadsheet program, the time required to do many problems will be significantly reduced. The textbook gives many examples of problems that can be solved using spreadsheets. HOMEWORK Exercises and problems from the text are assigned but will not be collected or graded. Detailed solutions to all of the exercises are given in the text. Answers, without details, are given for most of the problems. The assigned problems and exercises represent a minimum that should be attempted. You should work as many problems as necessary until you feel comfortable with the material. The assigned problems and exercises are excellent practice for tests. Students are encouraged to work together in solving these problems. Students should use computer spreadsheets and other calculation aids whenever possible. Many problems require considerably less work if you use a computer spreadsheet. An answer guide for the problems in the text is available. ATTENDANCE POLICY
Analytical Chemistry Spring 2009 Students are expected to attend all classes. Makeup exams will not be administered without a valid written excuse. Term exams that are missed with a valid excuse may be made up during finals week. ACADEMIC HONESTY Cheating in all its forms, including plagiarism and cheating on visual work, is considered an academic matter and will result in automatic dismissal from the course and will be recorded on the official transcript. TESTS There will be three term tests and a comprehensive final. There will be several graded take-home assignments and/or in-class quizzes. Copies of previous tests are available. GRADING Term tests 60% Take Home Assignments and in class quizzes 20% Comprehensive Final 20% FINAL GRADE The final grade will be based on the following scale A 89 % to 100 % C 65 % to 76+ % B 77 % to 88+ % D 50 % to 64+ % TOPICS Chapter 3 (3.1-3.5) Experimental Error – 3.1 Significant Figures, 3.2 Significant Figures in Arithmetic, 3.3 Significant Figures and Graphs, 3.4 Types of Error, systematic error, random error, accuracy, precision, absolute and relative uncertainty, per cent relative uncertainty propagation of error, 3. Propagation Of Uncertainty, Note: Table 3-1 is an excellent summary for propagation of error, Exercises: A, B Problems: 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 20 Chapter 4 (4.1 - 4.9) Statistics – 4.1 Gaussian Distribution, mean, standard deviation, 4.2 Confidence Intervals, Student’s t, 4.3 Comparison Of Means,4.4 – F-test, 4.5 t-test with spreadsheets, 4.6 Q-test, 4. Method of Least Squares, 4.8 -Calibration Curves, 4.9 Spreadsheet for Least Squares - Exercises: A,B,E,F,G Problems: 1,2,8,15,16,18, 23 Chapter 5 (5.1 - 5.4) Quality assurance and Calibration Methods - 5.1 Basics of Quality Assurance, 5.2 Method Validation, 5.3 Standard Addition, matrix effect, 5.4 Internal Standards, response factor, Exercises: A, B, C Problems: 6, 7,19, 22, 28, 30 Chapter 18 (18.1 - 18.4) Spectrophotometry – 18.1 Properties of Light, frequency, wavelength, photon, 18.2 Absorption of Light, excited state, ground state, transmittance, absorbance, molar absorptivity, Beer’s Law, 18.3 Measuring Absorbance, 18.4 Beer’s Law in Chemical Analysis, Exercises: A, B Problems: 1,3,6,7,8,1012,16,17, Chapter 6 (6.1-6.9) Chemical Equilibrium – 6.1 The Equilibrium Constant , manipulating equilibrium constants, 6.2 Equilibrium And Thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, free energy, le Chatelier’s Principle,
Analytical Chemistry Spring 2009 Galvanic Cells, half reaction, salt bridge, 14.3 Standard Potentials, 14-4 Nernst Equation, calculations with the Nernst equation, Lattimer Diagrams, 14.5 E and Ksp, 14.6 Cells As Chemical Probes. Exercises: A,B, D, E Problems: 1,2,12,13,14,19,24,25, Chapter 15 (15.1-15.7) Electrodes and Potentiometry – 15.1 Reference Electrodes, silver-silver chloride electrode, calomel electrode, 15.2 -Indicator Electrodes. 15-3 Junction Potential, 15.4 Ion Selective Electrodes, 15-5 pH Measurement with a Glass Electrode, 15.6 – How Ion-Selective Electrodes Work, 15.7 – Using Ion-Selective Electrodes, Exercises: C Problems: 1,2,3,20,21,23,24,29,30, Chapter 16 (16.1-16.7) Redox Titrations – 16.1 Redox Titration Curves, 16.2 Redox End points, 16. Adjustment of Analyte Oxidation State, pre-oxidation, pre-reduction, 16.4 Oxidation With Potassium Permanganate, 16.5 Oxidation With Cerium(IV), 16.6 Oxidation With Potassium Dichromate, 16. Methods Involving Iodine, iodimetry, iodometry, sodium thiosulfate Exercises: B, D Problems: 6,8,13,15,16,19,21,24, Chapter 17 (17.1-17.3) Electroanalytical Techniques – 17.1 Fundamentals of Electrolysis: ohmic potential, concentration polarization17-2 Electrogravimetric Analysis, current-voltage behavior during electrolysis, constant-voltage electrolysis, constant current electrolysis, controlled potential electrolysis with a three electrode cell, 17-3 Coulometry, coulometric titration, Exercises: B Problems: 1, 2, Chapter 23 (23.1-23.5) Introduction to Analytical Separations - 23-1 Solvent Extraction, partition coefficient, extraction with a metal chelator, 23-2 What is Chromatography , types of chromatography, 23-3 A Plumbers View of Chromatography , retention time, 23.4 Efficiency of Separation, resolution, diffusion, plate height, 23.5 Why Bands Spread, van Deemter Equation, longitudinal diffusion, packed and open tubular columns, asymmetric band shapes, Exercises: B Problems: 1,2,7,8,15,1627,29, Chapter 24 (24.1) Gas Chromatography - 24-1 The separation Process in Gas Chromatography, gas chromatograph, packed and open tubular columns, retention index, temperature and pressure programming, Exercises: A, Problems: 1, 2 Chapter 25 (25.1) High Performance Liquid Chromatography 25-1 The Chromatographic Process, HPLC columns, the stationary phase, elution, isocratic and gradient elution, solvents, Exercises: A Chapter 26 (26.1) Chromatographic Methods and Capillary Electrophoresis- 26-1 – Ion Exchange Chromatography TEST 3 – May 1, 2009 COMPREHENSIVE FINAL – 9:00AM, May 8, 2009
