Download ANAT 260 WCU Week 7 Exam with precise detailed answers and more Exams Law in PDF only on Docsity!
ANAT |! 260 |! WCU |! Week |! 7 |! Exam |! with |! precise |!
detailed |! answers
The |! Hypophyseal |! Portal |! System |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Hormones |! from |! the |! adenohypophysis |! are |! controlled |! by |! hypothalamus |! secretions |! -These |! secretions |! are |! distributed |! to |! the |! adenohypophysis |! via |! the |! hypophyseal |! portal |! system -Within |! the |! infundibulum |! is |! a |! plexus |! of |! capillaries |! (primary |! plexus) |! -Secretions |! leave |! the |! primary |! plexus |! -Secretions |! enter |! into |! portal |! vessels |! -Secretions |! arrive |! at |! the |! secondary |! plexus |! -Secondary |! plexus |! surrounds |! the |! five |! cell |! types |! of |! the |! adenohypophysis Thyroid-stimulating |! hormone |! (TSH) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Targets |! the |! thyroid |! gland -Causes |! the |! thyroid |! gland |! to |! release |! thyroid |! hormones |! |! -Calcitonin |! (CT) |! -Thyroxine |! (T4) |! -Triiodothyronine |! (T3) Adrenocorticotropic |! hormone |! (ACTH) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Targets |! the |! adrenal |! cortex -Causes |! the |! adrenal |! cortex |! to |! release:
|! -Glucocorticoids Follicle-stimulating |! hormone |! (FSH) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Targets |! the |! ovaries |! of |! females |! -Causes |! maturation |! of |! oocytes |! -Causes |! the |! release |! of |! estrogen -Targets |! the |! seminiferous |! tubules |! of |! males |! -Causes |! sperm |! production Luteinizing |! hormone |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Targets |! the |! ovaries |! in |! females |! --Causes |! ovulation |! --Causes |! the |! release |! of |! progestin |! (progesterone) -Targets |! the |! interstitial |! cells |! in |! males |! --Causes |! the |! release |! of |! androgens |! (testosterone) |! --Causes |! the |! release |! of |! estrogen -FSH |! and |! LH |! are |! also |! called |! gonadotropins Prolactin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Targets |! the |! mammary |! glands -Causes |! the |! production |! of |! milk Growth |! hormone |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Also |! called |! somatotropin |! -Targets |! general |! cells |! and |! skeletal |! muscles |! |! --Causes |! protein |! synthesis |! resulting |! in |! growth |! --Causes |! lipid |! mobilization
Thyroid |! Hormones |! target |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Osteoclasts |! of |! bones: |! inhibits |! osteoclast |! activity, |! therefore |! calcium |! ions |! do |! not |! leave |! the |! bones |! to |! enter |! the |! blood -Nephrons |! of |! kidneys: |! stimulates |! calcium |! ion |! excretion |! (dumps |! through |! urine/lower |! blood |! calcium) Negative |! Feedback |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-How |! hormones |! are |! regulated Regulation |! of |! Thyroid |! Secretion |! (Negative |! Feedback) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔1. |! Decreased |! concentration |! of |! T3 |! and |! T
- |! Triggers |! release |! of |! TRH |! from |! the |! hypothalamus
- |! TRH |! targets |! the |! adenohypophysis
- |! Causes |! the |! release |! of |! TSH
- |! TSH |! targets |! the |! thyroid |! gland
- |! Triggers |! release |! of |! T3 |! and |! T
- |! Normal |! levels |! of |! T3 |! and |! T4 |! are |! restored |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ The |! Parathyroid |! Glands |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-The |! parathyroid |! glands |! are |! located |! on |! the posterior |! portion |! of |! the |! thyroid |! gland |! --Produce |! parathyroid |! hormone |! (PTH) |! ---Monitor |! blood |! calcium |! ion |! levels |! ---PTH |! increases |! blood |! calcium |! ion |! levels
|! -Stimulates |! osteoclasts |! to |! remove |! calcium |! ions |! from |! bone |! → |! blood |! -Reduces |! urinary |! excretion |! of |! calcium |! ions |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ The |! Thymus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-The |! thymus |! gland |! is |! posterior |! to |! the |! sternum, |! located |! in |! the |! mediastinal |! region |! --Produces |! thymosin Thymosin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Important |! for |! immune |! system -Targets |! lymphocytes -Causes |! lymphocytes |! to |! develop |! into |! T |! cells |! --T |! cells |! are |! involved |! with |! maintaining |! an |! effective |! immune |! system |! |! --Identifying |! "self" |! from |! "non-self" The |! Adrenal |! Glands |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-The |! adrenal |! glands |! (suprarenal |! glands) |! are located |! attached |! to |! the |! superior |! border |! of |! the |! kidneys -The |! adrenal |! glands |! are |! made |! of |! two |! structural |! regions |! --Adrenal |! cortex |! --Adrenal |! medulla Adrenal |! glands |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔
epinephrine |! and |! norepinephrine |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Target |! most |! cells |! --Part |! of |! the |! sympathetic |! "fight-or-flight" |! response |! --Causes |! an |! increase |! in |! cardiac |! activity |! --Causes |! an |! increase |! in |! respiratory |! depth/rate |! --Causes |! an |! increase |! in |! blood |! pressure |! --Causes |! an |! increase |! in |! glycogen |! breakdown |! --Causes |! an |! increase |! in |! muscular |! strength |! and |! endurance The |! kidneys |! produce: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Renin |! (enzyme) |! stimulates |! aldosterone |! ->low |! blood |! pressure |! stimulates -Erythropoietin |! (hormone—EPO) |! ->tells |! bone |! marrow |! to |! produce |! more |! red |! blood |! cells The |! heart |! produces: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Atrial |! natriuretic |! peptide |! (hormone—ANP) |! -> -Brain |! natriuretic |! peptide |! (hormone—BNP) The |! heart |! (responding |! to |! high |! blood |! pressure) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-High |! blood |! pressure |! (many |! times) |! is |! due |! to |! high |! volume |! --The |! heart |! cells |! in |! the |! right |! atrium |! detect |! high volume -The |! heart |! cells |! release |! ANP |! and |! BNP |! --These |! hormones |! inhibit |! ADH |! and |! aldosterone
-The |! result |! is |! the |! loss |! of |! water |! and |! sodium |! ions -Blood |! pressure |! and |! volume |! return |! to |! homeostatic |! conditions The |! Pancreas |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Has |! both |! endocrine |! and |! exocrine |! functions -Endocrine |! function |! --Consists |! of |! pancreatic |! islets |! --Produces |! hormones -Exocrine |! function |! --Produces |! digestive |! enzymes Pancreatic |! islets |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Pancreatic |! islets |! contain |! four |! major |! cell |! types: |! Alpha |! / |! Beta Glucagon |! (from |! alpha |! cells |! of |! the |! islets) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Stimulates |! the |! liver |! to |! break |! down |! glycogen |! to |! form |! glucose -Stimulates |! the |! liver |! to |! put |! glucose |! into |! the |! bloodstream -This |! raises |! blood |! glucose |! levels Insulin |! (from |! beta |! cells |! of |! the |! islets) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Increases |! the |! rate |! of |! glucose |! absorption |! by |! body |! cells -This |! lowers |! blood |! glucose |! levels The |! Pineal |! Gland |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Part |! of |! the |! epithalamus
changes |! and |! regular |! exercise Graves' |! disease |! (thyroid |! disorder) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Most |! common |! type |! of |! hyperthyroidism |! -Immune |! system |! makes |! abnormal |! antibodies |! --Stimulates |! the |! oversecretion |! of |! TH |! by |! follicle |! cells -Leads |! to |! nervousness, |! weight |! loss, |! sweating, |! and |! rapid |! heart |! rate Myxedema |! (thyroid |! disorder) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Adult |! hypothyroidism -Antibodies |! attack |! and |! destroy |! thyroid |! tissue -Low |! metabolic |! rate |! and |! weight |! gain |! are |! common |! symptoms Endemic |! goiter |! (thyroid |! disorder) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Due |! to |! lack |! of |! iodine |! in |! the |! diet Cushing's |! syndrome |! (adrenal |! disorder) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Caused |! by |! hypersecretion |! of |! glucocorticoid |! hormones—usually |! a |! pituitary |! tumor -looks |! bloated
Addison's |! disease |! (adrenal |! disorder) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Hyposecretory |! disorder |! of |! the |! adrenal |! cortex -Deficiencies |! of |! both |! aldosterone |! and |! glucocorticoids The |! respiratory |! system |! includes: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Nose -Nasal |! cavity -Sinuses -Pharynx -Larynx |! -Trachea -Bronchi -Bronchioles -Alveoli Upper |! Respiratory |! System Consists |! of: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Nose, |! nasal |! cavity, |! sinuses, |! and |! pharynx Lower |! Respiratory |! System Consists |! of: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Larynx, |! trachea, |! bronchi, |! bronchioles, |! and |! alveoli |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔
|! --Coughing |! will |! remove |! this |! debris The |! following |! is |! the |! pathway |! of |! air |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Air |! enters |! the |! external |! nares -Passes |! by |! the |! nasal |! vestibule -Enters |! the |! nasal |! cavity -Air |! flows |! in |! and |! around |! the |! nasal |! conchae -Air |! enters |! the |! internal |! nares -Air |! enters |! the |! nasopharynx |! area nasal |! vestibule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Area |! surrounded |! by |! the |! two |! pairs |! of |! alar |! cartilage nasal |! conchae |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Inferior, |! middle, |! and |! superior |! conchae -As |! air |! swirls |! around |! the |! conchae, |! debris |! gets |! stuck |! in |! the |! mucus -As |! air |! swirls |! around |! the |! conchae, |! the |! air |! warms |! a |! bit |! before |! entering |! the |! trachea The |! Pharynx |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-The |! pharynx |! is |! a |! passageway |! that |! connects |! the |! nose |! to |! the |! mouth |! to |! the |! throat -Nasopharynx |! -Oropharynx -Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! back |! of |! the |! nose |! area Oropharynx |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-The |! back |! of |! the |! mouth |! area -Consists |! of |! pharyngeal |! arch |! and |! uvula Laryngopharynx |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! area |! that |! has |! the |! entrance |! to |! the |! trachea |! and |! esophagus The |! Larynx |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Voicebox -A |! cylinder |! whose |! cartilaginous |! walls |! are |! stabilized |! by |! ligaments |! or |! skeletal |! muscles |! or |! both -top |! of |! the |! throat Unpaired |! Cartilages |! of |! the |! Larynx |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Thyroid |! cartilage |! |! --Contains |! the |! laryngeal |! prominence -Cricoid |! cartilage |! |! --Unpaired |! cartilage -Epiglottis |! |! --Closes |! over |! the |! glottis |! during |! swallowing |! of |! food |! --Unpaired |! cartilage |! --Elastic |! cartilage Anterior |! Larynx |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔
The |! trachea |! branches |! at |! the |! carina |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-The |! branching |! forms |! the |! left |! and |! right |! primary |! bronchi -The |! primary |! bronchi |! enter |! into |! each |! lung -The |! right |! primary |! bronchus |! is |! steeper |! and |! larger |! in |! diameter |! than |! the |! left |! |! --Hence, |! a |! person |! can |! aspirate |! foreign |! objects |! into |! the |! right |! lung |! easier |! than |! the |! left |! lung The |! Primary |! Bronchi |! info |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Each |! primary |! bronchus |! enters |! the |! lung |! at |! the |! point |! called |! the |! hilum |! --The |! hilum |! is |! also |! the |! point |! of |! entrance |! and exit |! of |! the |! pulmonary |! blood |! vessels -The |! combination |! of |! the |! bronchus, |! artery, |! and |! vein |! is |! called |! the |! root Lungs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ Structure |! of |! the |! Lungs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-The |! apex |! points |! superiorly |! and |! the |! base |! inferiorly -The |! right |! lung |! has |! three |! lobes |! --Superior, |! middle, |! and |! inferior |! lobes |! --Consists |! of |! a |! horizontal |! fissure |! and |! an |! oblique |! fissure
-The |! left |! lung |! has |! two |! lobes |! --Superior |! and |! inferior |! lobes |! --Contains |! the |! oblique |! fissure |! --Left |! lung |! has |! a |! cardiac |! notch The |! Pulmonary |! Bronchi |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! primary |! bronchi |! branch |! numerous |! times |! once |! inside |! the |! lungs The |! Bronchioles |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Bronchioles |! are |! self-supporting |! and |! therefore |! do |! not |! require |! cartilage |! plates -Consist |! of |! smooth |! muscle |! for |! bronchodilation (sympathetic |! stimulation) |! and |! bronchoconstriction |! (parasympathetic |! stimulation) -Bronchioles |! terminate |! into |! clusters |! of |! alveolar |! sacs |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ bronchodilation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sympathetic |! stimulation bronchoconstriction |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔parasympathetic |! stimulation Alveoli |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Each |! lung |! has |! about |! 150 |! million |! alveoli -Extensive |! network |! of |! capillaries |! surrounds |! each |! alveolus
|! --Parietal |! pleura |! portion |! covers |! the |! inside |! lining |! of |! the |! thoracic |! wall -The |! space |! created |! between |! the |! visceral |! and |! parietal |! is |! the |! pleural |! cavity Pleurisy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-A |! condition |! in |! which |! the |! membranes |! produce |! too |! much |! pleural |! fluid |! or |! the |! membranes |! adhere |! to |! the |! thoracic |! wall |! thereby |! resulting |! in |! pain |! upon |! inhalation |! and |! exhalation Pleural |! fluid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Reduces |! friction |! when |! the |! lungs |! move |! upon |! inhalation |! and |! exhalation -The |! pleural |! cavity |! between |! the |! visceral |! and |! parietal |! membranes |! consists |! of |! this The |! muscles |! involved |! in |! pulmonary |! ventilation |! (breathing) |! are: |! (respiratory |! muscles) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Diaphragm -External |! intercostals -Internal |! intercostals Diaphragm |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Contracts |! (lowers) |! to |! cause |! inhalation -Relaxes |! (raises) |! to |! cause |! exhalation External |! intercostals |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Elevate |! the |! ribs |! to |! aid |! in |! inhalation Internal |! intercostals |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔-Depress |! the |! ribs |! to |! aid |! in |! exhalation
Hypernea |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔forced |! breathing |! and |! uses |! accessory |! muscles Eupnea |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔quiet |! breathing, |! used |! in |! pregnancy, |! diaphragmatic |! and |! costal |! breathing animo |! acid |! derivatives |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔similar |! to |! animo |! acid peptide |! hormones |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔they |! are |! chains |! of |! animo |! acids steroid |! hormones |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔derived |! from |! cholesterol eicosanoids |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔fatty |! acid |! of |! cell |! membranes Hypothalamus |! three |! functions? |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔- |! Secrete |! regulatory |! hormones |! to |! Pituitary
- |! Act |! as |! an |! endocrine |! organ |! and |! release |! antidiuretic |! hormone |! and |! oxytocin |! to |! pituitary |! gland
- |! Contain |! (ANS |! centers) |! and |! control |! medulla Pituitary |! Gland |! location |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔attached |! to |! hypothalamus |! and |! has |! two |! lobes |! the |! adenohypophysis |! and |! neurohypophysis
