Download Cellular Transport and Connective Tissue: An Overview and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
CYTOSOL (cytoplasm/cytoskeleton)
the thick jelly-like substance that contains the suspended particles in the cell TERM 2
CYTOSKELETON (cytoplasm/cytoskeleton)
DEFINITION 2 Microtubules and microfilamentsinfrastructure that gives cell shape dynamic- can change shapeendocytosis and exocytosis TERM 3
NUCLEUS (organelles)
DEFINITION 3 hold DNA TERM 4
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (organelles)
DEFINITION 4 rough- protein synthesisorsmooth- lipid metabolism and cell detox TERM 5
RIBOSOMES (organelles)
DEFINITION 5 protein synthesis
GOLGI BODY (organelles)
specializes proteins TERM 7
LYSOSOMES (organelles)
DEFINITION 7 contain enzymes for breaking down old proteins TERM 8
MITOCHONDRIA (organelles)
DEFINITION 8 power house of the cellmakes ATP for energy storage- contains DNA different from nucleus-referred to as mtDNA (maternal DNA)-you can trace ancestry with mtDNA TERM 9
CENTRIOLES (organelles)
DEFINITION 9 for mitosis or meiosis (cell division) TERM 10
CELL RESTING POTENTIAL/
ELECTROCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
DEFINITION 10 inside of each cell, there is an overall negative resting potential (average -70)1. no active process2.channels are closed3. high proteins inside cell drive negative charge
FACILITATED DIFFUSION (passive transport)
(rapid diffusion)diffusion with aid of transport protein TERM 17
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
DEFINITION 17 substances moving UP the concentration gradient using cellular energy TERM 18
BULK TRANSPORT (active transport)
DEFINITION 18 endocytosis - bringing substances into the cell.-phagocytosis- eating/engulfing-pinocytosis- drinkingexocytosis-removing things from cell TERM 19
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
DEFINITION 19 (1* Active Transport)uses transport proteins to bring substances up the concentration gradient. Uses ATPex. Na+/K+ ATPase pump TERM 20
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
DEFINITION 20 (2* Active Transport)uses the electrochemical gradient to move substances up the concentration gradient- cotransport (symport)-substances are going the same direction- countertransport ( antiport)-when substances are going in the opposite direction
CELL PLACEMENT (epithelial tissue)
cells placed close together, little extracellular space TERM 22
CELL CONTACT (epithelial tissue)
DEFINITION 22 specialized cell to cell contact-tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes TERM 23
POLARITY (epithelial tissue)
DEFINITION 23 distal and proximal end*epithelial tissue is always attached to connective tissue by basement membrane TERM 24
BASEMENT MEMBRANE (epithelial tissue)
DEFINITION 24 basal lamina- glyco proteins from epithelial tissuereticular lamina-glyco proteins from the connective tissue TERM 25
AVASCULAR (epithelial tissue)
DEFINITION 25 no blood supply
NUMBER OF CELLS (exocrine gland)
unicellular- mucin gland/ goblitt cells multicellular-oil glands, sweat glands TERM 32
SHAPE (exocrine gland)
DEFINITION 32 a) simple-single unbranched ductb) compound- c) tubular - duct and gland are equal in size d) acinar- gland forms a dialated sac (acinas or alveolus) TERM 33
SECRETIONS (exocrine gland)
DEFINITION 33 a) serous- water like secretionsb ) mucus- produces mucin (glycoprotein)c) cytogenic- excrete sperm TERM 34
WAY IT IS SECRETED (exocrine
gland)
DEFINITION 34 a) merocrine/ecrine-tearducts, sweat glands, salvary glands, pancreasb) apocrine- portion of cell is secreted by budding ex. milk glandsc) holocrine-cells accumulate products. then the whole cell disintegrates TERM 35
HYPERPLASIA (growth and dev.)
DEFINITION 35 growth by cell multiplication (mitosis)*its most of child hood growth
HYPERTROPHY (growth and dev.)
enlargement of existing cellsex. skeletal muscle cells, atopus tissue TERM 37
NEOPLASIA (growth and dev.)
DEFINITION 37 abnormal growth of non-functioning tissue that causes tumors TERM 38
ATROPHY (growth and dev.)
DEFINITION 38 shrinking of tissue through lack of use or aging TERM 39
NECROSIS (growth and dev.)
DEFINITION 39 tissue death due to trauma, toxins, or infections TERM 40
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
DEFINITION 40 compose the human embryo
FIBROSIS
replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue (holds tissue together but does not restore function)ex. deep cuts, heart attacks, severe burns TERM 47
TYPES OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DEFINITION 47 a) areolab) adipos (fat)c)reticular TERM 48
TYPES OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DEFINITION 48 a) regularb)irregularc)elastic TERM 49
SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DEFINITION 49 a)cartilage-hyaline-elastic cartilage- fibrocartilageb)bonec)blood TERM 50
FIBROBLAST (connective tissue)
DEFINITION 50 secrete fibers and give rise to fibrocytes (wound repair)
MAST CELLS (connective tissue)
inflamatory response (histamine, heparin, wound repair) TERM 52
ADIPOCYTES (connective tissue)
DEFINITION 52 fat cells; insolation and nutrient storage TERM 53
MACROPHAGES (connective tissue)
DEFINITION 53 an immune response to monocytes (white blood cells) TERM 54
PLASMA CELLS (connective tissue)
DEFINITION 54 immune response from B cells that produce antibodies TERM 55
CHONDROBLASTS (connective tissue)
DEFINITION 55 builds cartilege; turn into chondrocytes once it has build cartilege
AREOLAR LOOSE CT
(edema) surrounds capillaries under epithelial tissue and mesentary TERM 62
ADIPOSE LOOSE CT
DEFINITION 62 insolation, protection, nutrient storagebrown fat: mitochondria produce heat for bloodfound: skin hypodermis, around kidneys, abdomen TERM 63
RETICULAR LOOSE CT
DEFINITION 63 supports lymphoid organs; forms stromastroma- scaffold formed by reticular fibers TERM 64
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DEFINITION 64 -mostly collagen-gel matrix-main purpose: strength and protection-mainly fibroblasts TERM 65
REGULAR DENSE CT
DEFINITION 65 fibers run parallel and are evenly spaced-ligaments: bone to bone-tendons: bone to muscle-aponeurosis: muscle to muscle
IRREGULAR DENSE CT
-forms sheath (sacs) around structures-organs-joints-skin dermis TERM 67
ELASTIC DENSE CT
DEFINITION 67 -predominently elastic fibers for stretching and retracting- vocal chords-walls of large arteries-flavum ligamentum-little ligaments that attach vertebre to eachother TERM 68
CARTILAGES (specialized connective tissue)
DEFINITION 68 -semi-solid matrix-not very vascularized= poor healing- chondroblasts >>> chondrocytes >>>> lacunas TERM 69
HYALINE CARTILAGES (specialized connective
tissue)
DEFINITION 69 -most abundant-reticular fibers-found: nose, larynx, trachea rings, articular cartilage, costal cartilage TERM 70
ELASTIC CARTILAGE (specialized connective
tissue)
DEFINITION 70 -rubbery and pliable-main fiber: elastic-found: ear, esophagus
RED BLOOD CELLS (cell of blood)
(erythrocytes)- no nucleusO2 and CO2 transport TERM 77
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (cell of blood)
DEFINITION 77 (leukocytes)- nucleatedMOST TO LEAST numerous1. neutrophils2. lymphocytes3. monocytes4. eosinophils5. basophils TERM 78
PLATELETS (cell of blood)
DEFINITION 78 (thrombocytes) for blood clotting TERM 79
MEMBRANES
DEFINITION 79 least complex organs TERM 80
SEROUS (membrane)
DEFINITION 80 secretes serous fluid to reduce frictionET + CTa) pericardium- sac surrounding heartb) pluera- surrounds lungsc) peritoneum- abdominopelvic cavity
MUCOUS (membrane)
secretes mucus, lines structures that open to the outsideET
SYNOVIAL (membrane)
DEFINITION 82 secrets synovial fluids and lines synovial jointsCT + CT TERM 83
CUTANEOUS (membrane)
DEFINITION 83 skinET + CTforms the integumentary system (skin + epidermal derivatives) TERM 84
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE (characteristics)
DEFINITION 84 SKIN (cutaneous) DOES.....-largest organ (7 %)-protection from bacteria, toxins, viruses, UV rays, water-vitIman D- excrete waste (sweat)-millions of nerve endings (sensory input) TERM 85
REGIONS OF THE SKIN (cutaneous
membrane)
DEFINITION 85 EPIDERMIS- all epithelial tissue (5 layers)DERMIS- all connective tissue (adipose tissue)HYPODERMIS- connective tissue (adipose tissue)"superficial fascia"
KERATINOCYTES (cells of epidermis)
make up 90 % of all cells of the epidermisproduce keratin TERM 92
MELANOCYTES (cells of epidermis)
DEFINITION 92 eumelanin (brown to black)MELANIN pheomelanin (lighter colors)only in basale20 % of basale layerdetermine skin color TERM 93
EPIDERMAL DERIVATIVES (cells of epidermis)
DEFINITION 93 when cuboidal cells migrate downhair, nails, glands (exocrine)interactions between ET and CT to change and form new products TERM 94
CUTICLE (hair)
DEFINITION 94 very hardened keratin TERM 95
CORTEX
(hair)
DEFINITION 95 melanin (determines hair color)
MEDULLA (hair)
air filled chamber TERM 97
ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE
(hair)
DEFINITION 97 attaches to every hair to erect it for warmth or to appear larger TERM 98
PAPILA
(hair)
DEFINITION 98 (part of dermis) mitogenic cells to grow new hair TERM 99
STRAIGHT HAIR
DEFINITION 99 round in cross section TERM 100
CURLY HAIR
DEFINITION 100 oval in cross section
