Chapter 22. Immune system and Body Defense
Immune system protects your body from outside invaders such as germs, bacteria and viruses
22.1
Bacteria:
Protozoa:
Viruses:
Parasitic:
Fungi:
22.2
Leukocytes:
Cytokines:
Innate immunity:
Adaptive immunity:
22.3
First line of defense:
Nonspecific internal defense:
Interferons:
Complement systems:
Inflammation:
Cardinal signs:
Fever:
Risk and benefit of fever:
22.4
Antigen:
Antigen determinant:
Immunogenicity:
Receptors for B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes:
Antigen presenters:
key
Note
a
-Baaeriais
É
only
prokaryote
Infectious
agent
:
cause
damage
,
death
to
the
host
single
cell
prokaryotes
(
no
nuclear
envelope
,
cytoplasm
t
DNA
enclosed
in
a
cell
wall
)
]
strep
throat
,
tuberculosis
,
Salmonella
capsule
:
sticky
polysaccharide
,
increases
virulence
(
ability
to
cause
serious
illness
)
pili
:
attach
to
cell
surfaces
Eukaryotes
,
unicellular
,
interferes
with
normal
cellular
functions
]
malaria
,
African
sleeping
sickness
NOT
cells
!
composed
of
DNA
tRNA
with
protein
capsule
Obligate
intracellular
parasite
:
must
enter
/
invade
cell
to
replicate
and
take
over
]
cold
,
Covid-19
,
ebola
,
herpes
Eukaryotes
,
live
without
a
host
,
grows
with
nutrients
provided
by
host
]
tapeworms
,
pinworms
,
blood
flukes
Eukaryotic
cells
,
produces
spores
,
releases
proteolytic
enzymes
]
Ringworm
,
athletes
foot
,
yeast
infection
,
diaper
rash
{
Granulocytes
:
Neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
→
connective
tissue
monocytes
:
macrophages
tdendrk
cells
→
select
organs
lymphocytes
:
T-ly mph ocy tes
B-
lymphocytes
.
>
secondary
lymphoid
structures
Natural
killer
cells
small
,
soluble
proteins
to
facilitate
immune
system
activity
similar
to
hormones
as
it
binds
to
specefic
receptor
of
a
cell
we
are
born
with
these
defenses
(
the
skin
barrier
,
mucous
membrane
)
Defense
action
by
T-lymp hocytes
T
B-
lymphocytes
for
foreign
substances
key
noted
thisisallinnateimmunitym~mentionedab.com
is
the
innate
immunity
(
skint
mucus
)
prevents
entry
therefore
is
the
first
line
of
defense
second
line
of
defense
Too
①
select
immune
cells
②
anti
micro
bat
proteins
③
inflammation
④
Fever
cytokines
)
interferes
with
the
replication
of
pathogens
enhances
the
ability
of
Antibodies
immediate
local
event
①
release
of
chemicals
②
vascular
changes
③
Recruitment
of
Leukocyte s
④
Delivery
of
plasma
protein
(
signs
of
inflammation
)
Redness
.
Heat
,
swelling
,
pain
,
Lost
of
function
Abnormal
elevation
of
body
tempature
(
99°F
and
above
)
Release
of
F-
2
(
hormone
)
raises
temp
,
body
try
to
cool
down
,
Shivers
,
muscle
contraction
,
rise
in
tempature
inhibits
replication
of
bacteria
/
viruses
,
promotes
interferon
activity
Risk
:
denatures
'
body
natural
proteins
.
"
Body
-
producing
molecules
"
that
can
bind
to
T-lymp hocytes
t
B-
lymphocytes
this
is
the
specific
site
in
where
the
antigen
molecule
is
located
b4
the
lymphocyte
.
the
ability
to
cause
an
immune
response
unique
receptor
complex
d
BCR
&
TCR
process
of
displaying
Antigen
of
membrane
