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Understanding Anatomy And Physiology A
Visual Auditory Interactive Approach 2nd
Edition Thompson – Test Bank
Sample Test
Chapter 3: Cells MATCHING Match the name of each cell part with its structure or function. a. plasma membrane g. nucleolus b. nucleus h. Golgi apparatus c. cytoplasm i. centrioles d. nuclear envelope j. lysosomes e. nuclear pores k. mitochondria f. chromatin l. cytoskeleton
- The supporting framework of the cell
- Known as cellular garbage disposals
- The center of the cell
- Double-layered membrane around the nucleus
- Play a role in cell division
- Cell’s “powerhouses”
- Processes proteins and packages them for export to other parts of the cell
- Threadlike structures composed of DNA and protein
- Regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus
- ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 42 KEY: REMEMBERING
- ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 41 KEY: REMEMBERING
- ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 38| KEY: REMEMBERING
d. facilitated diffusion h. exocytosis
- Large particles are trapped in a portion of the plasma membrane and brought into the cell
- Water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower concentration of solute to an area of a high concentration of solute
- Particles are pumped from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by an energy-consuming structure in the plasma membrane
- Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
- Water and solutes move through a selectively permeable membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure
- Cell products move out of a cell when a secretory vesicle containing these products fuses with the plasma membrane
- ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 46 - 47 KEY: REMEMBERING
- ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 43| KEY: REMEMBERING
- ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 45| KEY: REMEMBERING
13. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 43|
KEY: REMEMBERING
14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 44|
KEY: REMEMBERING
15. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 46 - 47
KEY: REMEMBERING
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Which statement about the plasma membrane is true? a. Phospholipids in the plasma membrane are stationary. b. Cholesterol helps keep the plasma membrane pliable. c. Proteins embedded in the cell wall act as channels. d. The plasma membrane forms a barrier to prevent the infusion of water and solutes. ANS: C Phospholipids slowly move, keeping the membrane fluid. Cholesterol helps stiffen and strengthen the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning that some substances pass through easily. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 39 KEY: ANALYZING
ANS: C
Cholesterol helps strengthen the cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Proteins attach to carbohydrates—not cholesterol—to create identifying markers. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 39 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
- Threadlike structures composed of DNA and protein that fill a cell’s nucleus are called a. chromosomes. b. chromatin. c. ribosomes. d. organelles. ANS: B Chromatin is threadlike structures composed of DNA and protein. DNA coil into structures called chromosomes when a cell starts to divide. Ribosomes are the cell’s protein-producing structures. Organelles are the “little organs” contained throughout the cell. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 40 KEY: REMEMBERING
- What important task occurs in the nucleolus? a. The manufacture of DNA
b. The secretion of cytoplasm c. The manufacture of ribosomes d. The production of glucose ANS: C The nucleolus manufactures ribosomes, the cell’s protein-producing structures. DNA is created in the nucleus, not the nucleolus. Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; it is not secreted by the nucleolus. The nucleolus does not produce glucose. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 40 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
- What is the network of membranous canals and curving sacs that extend throughout the cytoplasm called? a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus c. Mitochondria d. Chromatin ANS: A
c. Lysosomes d. Cilia ANS: D Cilia are hairlike processes along the surface of a cell that beat in waves to sweep particles along a path. Microvilli are folds of the cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of a cell. Flagella are projections that have a whiplike motion that helps move a cell. Lysosomes are membranous vesicles that contain enzymes that help break down protein the cell does not need. PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 41 - 42 KEY: REMEMBERING
- Based on their function, where would you expect microvilli to be located in the body? a. Digestive tract b. Respiratory tract c. Flagella d. Fallopian tubes ANS: A Microvilli greatly increase the surface area of a cell; therefore, they are typically found in cells charged with absorbing nutrients, such as the intestines. The respiratory tract and fallopian tubes both contain cilia, which help to move particles (such as mucus in the respiratory tract or an egg cell in the fallopian tubes). Flagella are found only on sperm.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 42 KEY: APPLYING
- Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis is called a. a concentration gradient. b. equilibrium. c. osmotic pressure. d. tonicity. ANS: C Water pressure, also called hydrostatic pressure, that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis is called osmotic pressure. Equilibrium is the point at which no further diffusion occurs. A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a substance from one point to another. Tonicity is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure within a cell through osmosis. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 43 - 44 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
- Based on your understanding of osmolarity and tonicity, which type of intravenous fluid would you expect most patients to receive? a. Isotonic b. Hypertonic c. Hypotonic
- Which body process makes use of the sodium-potassium pump? a. The movement of mucus and foreign particles from the lungs b. The movement of water and dissolved substances out of capillaries and into surrounding tissue c. The creation of electrical potential for nerve conduction d. The absorption of nutrients in the intestines ANS: C Cilia move mucus and foreign particles out of the lungs. Filtration is the method by which water and dissolved substances move out of capillaries and into surrounding tissues. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 44 - 46 KEY: ANALYZING
- Which statement most accurately describes the action of the sodium-potassium pump? a. The sodium-potassium pump works to transfer sodium from inside to outside the cell while transferring potassi from outside to inside the cell. b. The sodium-potassium pump works to transfer sodium from outside to inside the cell while transferring potassi from inside to outside the cell. c. The sodium-potassium pump pumps both sodium and potassium from inside to outside the cell. d. The sodium-potassium pump pumps both sodium and potassium from outside to inside the cell.
ANS: A
The sodium-potassium pump works to transfer sodium from inside to outside the cell while transferring potassium from outside to inside the cell. All of the other answers are incorrect. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 45 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
- Facilitated diffusion depends on which structure? a. Vesicles b. Protein molecule in the cell membrane c. Cholesterol molecule in the cell membrane d. Gaps in capillary walls ANS: B Facilitated diffusion uses channels in protein molecules in the plasma membrane to help the movement of some molecules across the membrane. None of the other answers is correct. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 45 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
- Nucleotides consist of one of four types of: a. sugar.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 48 KEY: ANALYZING
- RNA differs from DNA in that it: a. is a single strand. b. contains the sugar deoxyribose. c. contains the base thymine instead of uracil. d. does not contain a phosphate. ANS: A RNA contains the sugar ribose; it also contains the base uracil instead of thymine. RNA and DNA both contain a phosphate group. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 49 KEY: REMEMBERING
- Chromosomes form during which phase of mitosis? a. Anaphase b. Metaphase c. Telophase
d. Prophase ANS: D Chromatin begins to coil and condense and form chromosomes during prophase—the first phase of mitosis. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 51 KEY: REMEMBERING
- The chromosomes of a cell divide during which phase of mitosis? a. Prophase b. Anaphase c. Metaphase d. Telophase ANS: B During anaphase, the centromeres divide, forming two chromosomes instead of a pair of attached chromatids. PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 51 KEY: REMEMBERING COMPLETION
ANS: concentration gradient PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 43 KEY: REMEMBERING
- Filtration occurs because of differences in ____________________ on either side of a membrane. ANS: pressure PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 44 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
- The ____________________ molecule stores all of a cell’s genetic information. ANS: DNA PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 48 KEY: REMEMBERING
- The building blocks of DNA are millions of pairs of ____________________. ANS: nucleotides PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 48 KEY: REMEMBERING
- The process whereby RNA makes a copy of a strand of DNA is called ____________________. ANS: transcription
PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 49 KEY: REMEMBERING
- The process whereby a cell splits into two identical daughter cells is called ____________________. ANS: mitosis PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 51 KEY: REMEMBERING Chapter 4: Tissues MATCHING Match each item to the statement listed below. a. osteocytes h. mucous membrane b. cutaneous membrane i. ectoderm c. serous membrane j. endoderm d. extracellular matrix k. mesoderm e. epithelial tissue l. adipose tissue f. chondrocytes m. areolar tissue g. reticular fibers
