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Anatomy and Physiology Midterm Exam: Chapters 1-5, Exams of Anatomy

Glasgow School of Art (GSA)Anatomy

A comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions covering chapters 1-5 of an anatomy and physiology course. it's an excellent resource for students preparing for a midterm exam, reinforcing key concepts and testing understanding of anatomical terms, physiological processes, and cellular structures. The questions cover a wide range of topics, from basic cellular components to complex physiological systems, making it a valuable tool for self-assessment and exam preparation.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/10/2025

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Anatomy and Physiology Midterm (Chapters 1-5) Exam
What is the name of the outer layer of the serous membrane that surrounds the heart? ✔✔parietal
pericardium
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow? ✔✔antecubital
This is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. ✔✔metabolism
Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells? ✔✔transfers energy for cell
functions
The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's? ✔✔atomic number
Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA? ✔✔nucleotide
Which cavity contains the heart? ✔✔pericardial cavity
This is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment. ✔✔Homeostasis
The lungs are located in the? ✔✔pleural cavity
Which of the following is the major function of DNA? ✔✔long-term storage of information for protein
synthesis
Which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood
pressure? ✔✔brain
This is defined as the capacity to do work. ✔✔energy
Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood?
✔✔endocrinology
Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring
in the body? ✔✔Homeostasis
This type of lipid is used by the body for insulation. ✔✔triglycerides
This plane divides the body into equal right and left halves. ✔✔midsagittal
The stomach is located in the? ✔✔abdominal cavity
Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin? ✔✔inguinal
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Anatomy and Physiology Midterm (Chapters 1-5) Exam What is the name of the outer layer of the serous membrane that surrounds the heart? ✔✔parietal pericardium Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow? ✔✔antecubital This is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. ✔✔metabolism Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells? ✔✔transfers energy for cell functions The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's? ✔✔atomic number Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA? ✔✔nucleotide Which cavity contains the heart? ✔✔pericardial cavity This is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment. ✔✔Homeostasis The lungs are located in the? ✔✔pleural cavity Which of the following is the major function of DNA? ✔✔long-term storage of information for protein synthesis Which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure? ✔✔brain This is defined as the capacity to do work. ✔✔energy Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood? ✔✔endocrinology Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body? ✔✔Homeostasis This type of lipid is used by the body for insulation. ✔✔triglycerides This plane divides the body into equal right and left halves. ✔✔midsagittal The stomach is located in the? ✔✔abdominal cavity Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the groin? ✔✔inguinal

This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. ✔✔frontal Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the great toe? ✔✔hallux A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _______ of two different atoms. ✔✔valence electrons Which of the following is a common function of RNA? ✔✔transfer information for protein synthesis This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center. ✔✔effector A solution with a pH value less than 7 is ✔✔acidic. Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or measured by a clinician are referred to as ✔✔signs. This type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms. ✔✔covalent This type of protein protects against pathogens. ✔✔immunological The brain is located in the ✔✔cranial cavity. Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells? ✔✔glycogen Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of changes in organ functions due to muscular activity? ✔✔exercise physiology Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease? ✔✔pathological anatomy Which of the following types of membrane proteins function by recognizing and binding to hormones and neurotransmitters? ✔✔receptors In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g. glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane. ✔✔facilitated diffusion A gene for a certain protein contains 300 nucleotides. How many amino acids will ultimately make up the protein molecule? ✔✔ 100

This structure binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a polypeptide chain during translation. ✔✔tRNA What is the transport process that uses vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete materials into the extracellular fluid? ✔✔exocytosis A patient would be infused with a _______ solution in order to ultimately relieve excess interstitial fluid in the brain. ✔✔hypertonic This portion of a DNA segment does not code for a protein. ✔✔introns What membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins? ✔✔rough endoplasmic reticulum The difference in concentration of a specific chemical, like Na+, on the inside and outside of a plasma is referred as a(n) ✔✔concentration gradient. What is normally transported across membranes via facilitated diffusion? ✔✔fructose An orderly, genetically programmed cell death is referred to as ________, while disorganized pathological cell death is referred to as ________. ✔✔apoptosis; necrosis Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell's ✔✔cytoskeleton. What membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell? ✔✔Golgi complex What term refers to redness of the skin such as seen in patients with inflammation, infection or heat exposure? ✔✔erythema What condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults? ✔✔male-pattern baldness This is another name for the subcutaneous layer. ✔✔Hypodermis This type of epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands. ✔✔Stratified cuboidal epithelium What is a polysaccharide commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues? ✔✔Hyaluronic acid This type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin. ✔✔Stratified squamous epithelium

What refers to paleness of the skin such as seen in patients with shock or anemia? ✔✔pallor What is a term used to describe a decrease in the size of cells within a tissue or organ that ultimately results in reduction in the overall size of the tissue or organ? ✔✔atrophy You stepped on a nail. List the sequential layers (or strata) of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to finally reach the dermis. ✔✔corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale What skin disorder involves inflammation of sebaceous glands caused by bacteria which thrive in the lipid-rich sebum? ✔✔acne What structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? ✔✔sweat glands This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis. ✔✔Stratum granulosum What condition is characterized by excessive body hair caused by tumors in adrenal glands, testes or ovaries? ✔✔hirsutism The thin extracellular layer, consisting of the basal and reticular lamina, that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue is called the ✔✔basement membrane. This layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. ✔✔Epidermis What term is used to describe an increase in the size of a tissue that is the result of an increase in the size, not number, of cells in that tissue? ✔✔hypertrophy Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on ✔✔how the gland release its secretory product. This type of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and the organs contained in that body cavity. ✔✔Serous membrane Spongy bone tissue lacks ✔✔osteons Which of the following is a common characteristic of thin skin? ✔✔Presence of sebaceous glands. What is an abnormal joining of tissues resulting from the formation of scar tissue at a previous site of inflammation or surgical repair? ✔✔adhesions The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of this type of connective tissue. ✔✔Fibrocartilage

What anatomical terms refers to the ear? ✔✔Otic