Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Anatomy and Physiology Notes for Unit 6 - Skeletal System, Lecture notes of Anatomy

These are notes from Module 6 of BIO 141 - Anatomy and Physiology. This module is all about bones, in this unit we will discuss bone structure, classification, and basics. These notes contain detailed information, charts, and pictures as well as links to pictures/websites

Typology: Lecture notes

2022/2023

Available from 05/05/2023

amelia-gorby
amelia-gorby 🇺🇸

2 documents

1 / 2

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
DE BIO 141 Chapter 6 - Skeletal System
Chapter Overview
-Bone structure
-Bone formation
-Bone function
-Bone vocabulary and identification
-Bone injury
TOPIC 6.2 - bone formation
Bone Formation
- Occurs during the first weeks of prenatal development; finalized until upper 20’s
- Two types of bone formations:
- Intramembranous - form from connective tissue
- Endochondral - forms from hyaline cartilage
Bones
- Majority of the bones in the body are endochondral in origin
- Develop from hyaline cartilage that begins to break down
- Endochondral ossification
- Intramembranous bones include
- Skul
- Clavicles
- Mandible
- Sternum
- Zygomatic
- Maxillae
- Develop from mesenchyme
- Intramembranous ossification
Intramembranous Formation
- Mesenchymal cells turn into osteoblasts
- Mesenchyme is undifferentiated
dense connective tissue
- Osteoblasts form the ossification center
- Outer osteoblasts lay down the bone matrix
- Inner cells become osteocytes once they
are surrounded
- Found on the lacunae
- Created in the canaliculi
- Spongy bone forms first
- Compact bone is laid down over the spongy
- Outer mesenchyme forms the periosteum
https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/6-4-bone-formation-and-development/
pf2

Partial preview of the text

Download Anatomy and Physiology Notes for Unit 6 - Skeletal System and more Lecture notes Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

DE BIO 141 Chapter 6 - Skeletal System Chapter Overview -Bone structure -Bone formation -Bone function -Bone vocabulary and identification -Bone injury TOPIC 6.2 - bone formation Bone Formation

  • Occurs during the first weeks of prenatal development; finalized until upper 20’s
  • Two types of bone formations: - Intramembranous - form from connective tissue - Endochondral - forms from hyaline cartilage Bones
  • Majority of the bones in the body are endochondral in origin
  • Develop from hyaline cartilage that begins to break down - Endochondral ossification
  • Intramembranous bones include
  • Skul
  • Clavicles
  • Mandible
  • Sternum
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxillae
  • Develop from mesenchyme - Intramembranous ossification Intramembranous Formation
  • Mesenchymal cells turn into osteoblasts
  • Mesenchyme is undifferentiated dense connective tissue
  • Osteoblasts form the ossification center
  • Outer osteoblasts lay down the bone matrix
  • Inner cells become osteocytes once they are surrounded
  • Found on the lacunae
  • Created in the canaliculi
  • Spongy bone forms first
  • Compact bone is laid down over the spongy
  • Outer mesenchyme forms the periosteum https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/6-4-bone-formation-and-development/

Endochondral Formation

  • Chondrocytes form hyaline cartilage
  • Chomdrocytes enlarge and die
  • Periosteum forms
  • Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together
  • Diaphysis forms from the primary ossification center
  • Epiphyses forms from the secondary ossification center
  • Long bones lengthen at the epiphyseal plates
  • Once ossification centers connect, bone growth stops
  • Additional compact bone is placed under the periosteum Epiphyseal Plate
  • Found between the diaphysis and epiphysis
  • Also called growth plates
  • Four distinct cell layers Zone of Resting Cartilage
  • Anchors the epiphyseal plate to the bone of the epiphysis
  • Living cells
  • Not actively dividing https://www.ct-ortho.com/patient-resources/patient -education/articles/the-growth-plate/ Zone of Proliferating Cartilage
  • Young cells actively dividing
  • Formation of extracellular matrix and ticking of the cartilage plate Zone of the Hypertrophic Cartilage
  • “Older” cells
  • Continual thickening of the epiphyseal plate and lengthening of the bone
  • Osteoblasts begging calcification
  • Chondrocytes start to die Zone of Calcified Cartilage
  • Dead cartilage cells
  • Calcified extracellular matrix
  • Eventually:
  • Osteoclasts dissolve the calcified cartilage
  • Osteoblasts construct the bone