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A final exam for Bio 201 at Rio Salado College, focusing on anatomy & physiology. It includes exam questions with correct answers, verified and graded A+. Topics covered include muscle tissue, nervous system functions, sensory perception, brain anatomy, and reflex arcs. Ideal for students preparing for the final exam or seeking a review of course content. The questions cover topics such as muscle fiber composition, neuromuscular junctions, muscle contraction types, and the roles of various muscles. It also includes questions on the nervous system and sensory perception, providing a review of the subject matter. Designed to help students test their knowledge and understanding of key concepts, making it a valuable study aid. The questions are presented clearly, with verified answers to ensure accuracy. This resource is useful for students looking to reinforce their understanding and improve their exam performance.
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Whatistheconnectivetissuecoveringthatenclosesthesarcolemmaofanindividualmuscle fiber? A) epimysium B) perimysium C) endomysium D) periosteum-ansC)endomysium What is a fascicle? A) muscle B) bundleofmusclefibersenclosed by aconnective tissue sheath C) bundleof myofibrils D) groupofmyofilaments-ansB)bundleofmusclefibersenclosedbyaconnectivetissue sheath Whatarethedifferences,if any,inthecomposition forthickandthin myofilaments? A) Thinfilaments contain actin,troponin and attachto theZ disc. B) ThickfilamentscontainATPases, myosinanddoes notliein theIband. C) Thickandthinfilaments generallyhavethesame composition. D) BothAandBarecorrect.-ansD)BothAandBarecorrect.Thinfilamentscontainactin, troponin and attach to the Z disc. Thick filaments contain ATPases, myosin and does not lie in the I band. Whatarethesitescalledwherethemotornerveimpulseistransmittedfromthenerve endings to the skeletal muscle cell membranes? A) neuromuscular junctions B) sarcomeres C) myofilaments D) Zdiscs-ansA) neuromuscular junctions Whatisacontraction elicitedbyasinglebriefstimulus called? A) atwitch B) wavesummation C) multiplemotor unit summation D) fusedtetanus - ansA)atwitch Whatisthe functionofTtubulesinmuscle contraction? A) makeand storeglycogen B) releaseCA2+into the cell interiorand thenpick itup again
C) transmitactionpotentialdeepintothemusclecells D) formproteins- ansC) transmitactionpotentialdeepintothemuscle cells Whatisasmoothsustainedcontractioncalledthatresultfromveryrapidstimulationofthe muscle, in which no relaxation is seen? A) atwitch B) wavesummation C) multiplemotor unit summation D) fusedtetanus-ansD) fused tetanus Characteristicsofisometriccontractionsincludeallofthefollowing except? A) shortening B) increasedmuscletensionthroughoutthecontractionphase C) absenceofshortening D) usein resistancetraining - ansA)shortening During muscle contraction, ATP is provided by (A) a coupled reaction of creatine phosphate withADP(B)aerobicrespirationofglucose,and(C)anaerobicglycolysis?(multipleanswers may apply)
B) actin(thinfilaments) - ansA)myosin(thick filoments) Upon contraction the H band and the bandgets shorter? A) A bands B) Ibands - ansB)I bands Whenamuscleisnotcontracting,thebindingsitesonactinareblockedbywhatmolecular complex? A) dysotrophin B) titan C) troponin/tropomyosincomplex D) myomesin-ansC)troponin/tropomyosincomplex The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ions? A) calciumions B) chlorideions C) sodium ions D) potassiumions-ansA)calcium ions Amusclethatassistsanagonistbycausingalikemovementorbystabilizingajointover which an agonist acts is A) antagonist B) primemover C) synergist D) agonist-ansC)synergist Amuscleinwhich thefibersarearrangedatanangle toacentral longitudinaltendonhas a arrangement. A) circular B) longitudinal C) pennate D) parallel-ansC)pennate Matchthemusclenamestothefacialmuscles described. a.frontalbellyofepicraniusb.Orbicularisoculic.Occipitalbellyofepicraniusd. Zygomaticus e. Orbicularis oris
A) relativesize B) musclelocation C) muscleshape D) action E) numberof origins - ansA)relative size B)muscle location Whichofthefollowing isalarge, deepmuscle thatprotracts thescapula during punching? A) serratus anterior B) rhomboids C) levatorscapulae D) subscapularis-ansA)serratusanterior Thecalcanealtendon(Achilles tendon)isthelargest, strongesttendoninthebody. A )True B)False- ansA)True Musclesconnectingto thehyoid boneareinstrumentalin speech. A )True B)False-ansB)False-Thesebonesareinstrumentalinswallowing. Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles. A )True B)False- ansA)True Apair oftweezersis agood example of asecond-classlever. A )True B)False-ansB)False-Apairoftweezersisanexampleofathird-classlever. Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system? A) brain B) a nerve C) spinalcord D) atract - ansB)anerve Matchthenames ofthesupporting cellswith theappropriate descriptions: A.Astrocyte B. Ependymalcell C. Microglia D.OligodendrocyteE.SatellitecellF.Schwanncell
B) stage2-5)Heartrateslowsandbodytemperaturedecreasesasthebodypreparestoenter deep sleep. C) stage3-6) Firststage ofdeep sleep Thelargeonion-shapedreceptorsthatarefounddeepinthedermisandinsubcutaneous tissue and respond to deep pressure are A) Merkeldiscs B) Paciniancorpuscles C) freenerveendings D) muscle spindles - ansB) Pacinian corpuscles ProprioceptorsincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT A) musclespindles B) golgitendon organs C) Merkeldiscs D) jointkinestheticreceptors - ansC)Merkel discs Theaspectofsensoryperceptionbywhichthecerebralcortexidentifiesthesiteorpattern of stimulation. A) perceptual detection B) featureabstraction C) patternrecognition D) spatial discrimination - ansD) spatial discrimination Theneuralmachineryofthespinalcordisatwhichlevel? A) precommandlevel B) projection level C) segmentallevel-ansC)segmentallevel What do the dorsal root ganglia contain? A) cellbodiesofsomatic motor neurons B) axonterminalofsomaticmotor neurons C) cellbodies ofautonomicmotor neurons D) axonterminal of sensory neurons E) cellbodiesofsensoryneurons-ansE)cellbodiesofsensoryneurons The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers. A) epineurium B) endoneurium
C) perinerium D) neurilemma- ansC)perinerium Matchthereceptortypetothecorrect description: A) RuffiniendingsB) Golgitendon organ C)muscle spindleD)freenerve endings E) PaciniancorpuscleF)Meissner's corpuscle
Inwhatorderdothese4refractorymediaofthe eyerefractlight(exteriorto interior)? A) vitreoushumor,lens,aqueoushumor,cornea B) cornea, aqueoushumor,lens,vitreoushumor C) cornea,vitreoushumor,lens,aqueoushumor D) lens,aqueoushumor,cornea,vitreoushumor-ansB)cornea,aqueoushumor,lens, vitreous humor Damageto themedial rectimuscles wouldprobably affectwhich ofthefollowing? A) accommodation B) refraction C) convergence D) pupilconstriction - ansC) convergence Thephenomenon oflightadaptationis bestexplained by? A) rhodopsindoes not functionin dim light B) rhodopsinbreakdownoccurs slowly C) rodsexposedtointenselightneedtoregeneraterhodopsin D) conesarestimulatedtofunctionbybrightlight-ansD)conesarestimulatedtofunctionby bright light Blockageofthescleralvenous sinusmightresultin what? A) asty B) glaucoma C) conjunctivitis D) a cataract - ansB) glaucoma Nearsightednessismoreproperlycalledwhat? A) myopia B) hyperopia C) presbyopia D) emmetropia- ansA) myopia Ofthe neuronsin theretina,the axonsof whichoftheseformtheopticnerve? A) bipolarneurons B) ganglion cells C) conecells D) horizontalcells-ansB)ganglion cells Whichsequenceofreactionsoccurs whenaperson looksat adistant object?
A) movementsof otoliths B) stretch C) substancesinsolution D) photonsof light - ansC) substances in solution Cellsintheolfactorybulbthatactaslocal"integrators"ofolfactoryinputsarethe A) haircells B) granulecells C) basalcells D) mitral cells E) supportingcells-ansD)mitralcells Olfactory nerve filaments are found A) in theopticbulbs B) passingthroughthecribriform plateofthe ethmoid bone C) in theoptictracts D) intheolfactorycortex - ansB)passingthroughthecribriformplateoftheethmoidbone Conduction of sound from the middle ear to the internal ear occurs via vibration of the A) malleusagainst the tympanicmembrane B) stapesintheoval window C) incusintheroundwindow D) stapesagainstthe tympanicmembrane - ansB)stapesin theoval window Thetransmissionofsoundvibrationsthroughtheinternalearoccurschiefly through A) nervefibers B) air C) fluid D) bone-ansC) fluid Whichofthe followingstatements does not correctlydescribethespinal organ(of Corti)? A) soundsofhighfrequencystimulatehaircellsatthebasal end B) the"hairs"ofthereceptorcells areembeddedinthetectorial membrane C) thebasilarmembrane actsasaresonator D) the more numerous outer hair cells are largely responsible for our perception of sound - ansD)themorenumerousouterhaircellsarelargelyresponsibleforourperceptionofsound Pitch is to frequency of sound as loudness is to A) quality
B) intensity C) overtones D) allofthese - ansB) intensity Thestructurethatallowspressureinthemiddleeartobeequalizedwithatmosphericpressure is the A) pinna B) pharyngotympanictube C) tympanicmembrane D) ovalwindow- ansB) pharyngotympanictube Whichofthe followingis importantinmaintaining thebalanceofthe body? A) visualcues B) semicircularcanals C) the saccule D) proprioceptors E) allofthese-ansE) allof these Staticequilibriumreceptorsthatreportthepositionoftheheadin spacerelativetothepullof gravity are A) spiral organ B) maculae C) cristaeampullares D) otoliths-ansB) maculae Whichofthefollowing is NOTapossible causeof conduction deafness? A) impacted cerumen B) middleearinfection C) cochlearnerve degeneration D) otosclerosis-ansC)cochlearnervedegeneration Which of the following are intrinsic eye muscles? A) superior rectus B) orbicularisoculi C) smoothmusclesofthe iris&ciliary body D) levatorpalperbraesuperioris-ansC)smoothmusclesoftheiris&ciliarybody Which lies closest to the exact posterior pole of the eye? A) opticnerve