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A review for test #2 in biol 1120, focusing on the animal kingdom, histology, and organ systems. Topics include the phylum chordata and its subphyla and classes, the four tissue types and their distinguishing characteristics and examples, and the principal functions of ten human organ systems. Additionally, the document covers the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory and reproductive systems.
Typology: Exams
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I. Continuing Animal Kingdom Survey A. Anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, and examples of the following (noting key distinguishing subphyla and class characteristics): l. Phylum Chordata Subphyla: Urochordata (tunicates) Cephalochordata (amphioxus, lancelets) Vertebrata (Vertebrates) Classes: Agnatha (Cyclostomes) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Amphibia (toads, frogs) Reptilia (snakes, lizards) Aves (birds) Mammalia (Mammals)
*Note in the various progression of vertebrates the point at which significant, advanced characteristics made their presence (as 2 to 3 to 4 chambered heart, separation of pulmonary vs. systematic circulations, total disappearance of the notochord in vertebrate adults, homeothermy, etc.
*Also, phylagenetic relationships.
II. Histology and Organ Systems A. Four Tissue Types: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve