Animal Nutrition Exam: Chapter 43 Study Guide, Exams of Veterinary

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1. What is the importance of consuming an adequate amount of proteins in a diet? A) They are most commonly used to meet cell energy demands. B) Proteins serve a variety of functions, and the body does not store excess quantities of protein. C) They are used as cofactors for metabolic reactions and are required in minute quantities. D) Proteins are necessary to produce urea and other important metabolites. Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-1. Describe the array of nutrients that animals require to stay healthy.

2. Food labels provide nutrient information and express the amount of a given nutrient as A) a percentage of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. B) International Units. C) percent composition of the food product. D) calories. Answer: A Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-1. Describe the array of nutrients that animals require to stay healthy.

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A) 20%

B) less than 20% C) more than 20% Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-1. Describe the array of nutrients that animals require to stay healthy.

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5. How many food calories does the jug of apple juice contain? A) 120 B) 240 C) 480 D) 960 Answer: D Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-1. Describe the array of nutrients that animals require to stay healthy.

Figure 43.

6. How would you, as an athlete or trainer, interpret the data portrayed in the graph above? A) A high-carbohydrate diet is deleterious to all individuals because carbohydrates contain empty calories. B) A high-carbohydrate diet consumed before an endurance event improves endurance. C) The protein-fat diet resulted in the longest endurance. D) It is highly probable that muscle cells involved in exercise use fatty acids as a fuel source. Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying LOs: Chp43-1. Describe the array of nutrients that animals require to stay healthy.

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10. Fangs, like those found in wolves, are designed to A) grind and chew. B) tear flesh. C) swallow the prey whole. D) filter feed. Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-2. Explain how the structure of an animal's mouthparts corresponds with the function of capturing and processing food.

11. The process of obtaining is known as and requires specialized mouthparts. A) ingestion B) digestion C) absorption D) excretion Answer: A Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-2. Explain how the structure of an animal's mouthparts corresponds with the function of capturing and processing food.

12. The process of breaking down food particles into molecules that can be transported into circulation is known as A) ingestion. B) digestion. C) absorption. D) excretion. Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

13. Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion? A) monosaccharides B) disaccharides and trisaccharides C) lipids D) amino acids

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Answer: C Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

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Bloom's Level: Comprehension LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

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18. What is the importance of the mucins that are released by salivary glands? A) They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. B) They are beginning the process of starch digestion. C) They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. D) They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus. Answer: D Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

19. Food and its products of degradation move through the alimentary canal by means of peristalsis. What is peristalsis? A) movements of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are under voluntary control B) rhythmic waves of contraction of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are responsible for moving contents of the lumen along the length of the digestive tract C) movement of nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the autorhythmic smooth muscle cells D) rhythmic lengthening and shortening of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the alimentary canal Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

20. Jahasz-Pocsine and coworkers found a correlation between gastric bypass surgery and neurological complications. Twenty-six of 150 patients who came to the University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Neurology Clinic following gastric bypass surgery experienced neurological complications related to the surgery. What might be a cause for the neurological complications? A) sudden weight loss and caloric deficiency interfering with neurological function B) nutrient (e.g., vitamin and mineral) deficiencies C) sloppy surgical technique of physicians performing the bypass surgery D) infections following surgical intervention Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each

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21. The stomach is highly acidic, creating a hostile environment for invading bacteria. Another function of the acidic environment is to activate the enzyme that initiates protein digestion in the stomach. What proteolytic enzyme is activated by the acidic environment? A) trypsin B) chymotrypsin C) insulin D) pepsin Answer: D Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

22. Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes like pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form? A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin. C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. D) Upon study of chief cells, they were able to isolate active forms of pepsin and trypsin. Answer: A Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

23. The stomach releases hydrochloric acid to create an acidic environment. Which cells release acid? A) goblet cells B) chief cells C) parietal cells D) smooth muscle cells Answer: C Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

24. What is the function of goblet cells of the stomach epithelium? A) release of acid B) synthesis and release of pepsinogen

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C) absorption of end-products of digestion D) secretion of mucus to protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment Answer: D Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

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28. Which of the following is a major function of the small intestine? A) to initiate protein digestion B) to absorb the end-products of digestion C) to produce and release bile to aid in fat absorption D) to store bile Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

29. Bile, which is synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, is important in lipid digestion. What feature/function of bile makes it an effective emulsifying agent? A) Bile is an amphipathic molecule, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. B) Bile adds hydroxyl groups to the hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids, making them more soluble in water. C) Bile stimulates the transport processes involved in movement of triglycerides into intestinal epithelial cells. D) Its enzymatic activity removes fatty acids from triglycerides, making them more soluble in water. Answer: A Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

30. Amino acids, dipeptides, and sugars are transported from intestinal epithelial cells into circulation. Lipids are transported from the intestinal epithelium into A) smooth muscles that make up the core of the villi of the intestinal epithelium. B) the lymph system. C) the liver. D) the gall bladder. Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

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31. Villi and microvilli that are associated with the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium are important in that they A) increase the surface area available for absorption. B) contain stratified (layered) epithelial cells for protection against pathogens entering with food. C) transport substances from the epithelial cells into the circulatory system. D) contain cilia that facilitate movement of the contents of the alimentary canal toward the anus. Answer: A Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

32. Glucose is transported from the intestinal lumen into epithelial cells through and from the intestinal epithelium into circulation by. A) facilitated diffusion; primary active transport B) cotransport with sodium; cotransport with sodium C) cotransport with sodium; facilitated diffusion D) active transport; active transport Answer: C Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

33. Aquaporins have been identified in the epithelium of the large intestine. What is the function of these aquaporins? A) to secrete water into the large intestine B) to reabsorb water from the large intestine C) to regulate solute excretion in the feces D) to release hormones involved in regulating digestive processes of the large intestine Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension LOs: Chp43-3. Explain how digestion occurs, including the specialized functions of each section of the digestive tract.

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C) glucose; glucagon D) glucose; insulin Answer: D Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-1. Describe the array of nutrients that animals require to stay healthy.

36. If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family, how might you

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minimize your risk of developing the disorder? A) Monitor your blood glucose levels daily. B) Take oral insulin daily. C) Diet and exercise. D) Eat carbohydrates like starch instead of sweets. Answer: C Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-4. Describe how lack of homeostasis with respect to nutrients such as glucose can cause disease.

37. A major risk factor for atherosclerosis is high levels of dietary cholesterol. If you get your lipid levels checked regularly, which of the following, when elevated, most significantly increases your risk for developing atherosclerosis? A) HDL cholesterol B) LDL cholesterol C) liver LDL receptors D) cholecystokinin Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering LOs: Chp43-4. Describe how lack of homeostasis with respect to nutrients such as glucose can cause disease.

38. Which of the following words best completes this sentence? The human body cannot essential nutrients. A) excrete B) make C) secrete D) absorb Answer: B Reference: Section 43. Bloom's Level: Remembering LOs: Chp43-1. Describe the array of nutrients that animals require to stay healthy.

39. Vitamin D is indirectly responsible for calcium uptake in the intestine. What is the mechanism by which Vitamin D and its receptor affect the calcium transporter gene? A) gene expression B) gene repression C) gene translation