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This comprehensive review guide for animal science 2200 at ohio state university covers a range of topics including historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioral aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Structured in a flashcard-like format, it's ideal for exam preparation, covering evolutionary theory, food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioral science. It explores the human-animal bond, the reasons for domestication, and the various uses of animals, from food and fiber to labor and research, providing a detailed overview of the field.
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Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What is true about animals in art? - ansWe don't always recognize their aesthetic value When and how did the behavior of animals begin to get documented? - ans17000 BC through cave paintings in the Paleolithic period What was the significance of the painting The White Heifer That Traveled? - ansIt puts the animal at the forefront, which represents the value of the animal Who painted The White Heifer That Traveled? - ansThomas Weaver What do Virgil's Ecologues represent? - ansThey represent the pastoral life following Caesar's assassination What does The Nightmare represent? - ansThere are multiple different interpretations, but Peffer's interpretation is that the incubus resting on Anna Landult represents her rejection of the artist and how she regrets it. Who painted The Nightmare? - ansIt was painted by Henry Ruseli What is the significance of The Girl With Chickens? - ansBecame the main reason why art is part of the school curriculum. Who painted The Girl With Chickens? - ansIt was painted by Marcus Mote What is true about the human-animal bond? - ansWe've been forming it for quite some time When did the human-animal bond begin to exist? - ansExisted long before domestication began, although it has been strengthened by domestication How long ago does domestication stretch back? - ansBetween 15,000 and 17,000 years ago What types of animals can bonds be made with? - ansCan be made with a variety of animals, including companion animals and livestock What is there a growing understanding of about the human-animal bond? - ansThat it is mutually beneficial What is true about bonds with animals? - ansThey can improve human health What is true about animals? - ansThey are symbiotic How long has the relationship between humans and animals been cultivated and why? - ansRelationships between humans and other animals is of mutual benefit and has been cultivated for over 1000s of years, especially since domestication. Humans and animals are interdependent on one another What do we get out of animal systems? - ansFood, companionship, fiber, labor, transportation, service/rescue/therapy, entertainment, slaughter by-products, models, research, energy, and financial stability What was the main reason for animals being domesticated? - ansThe need for a steady food source What is lateral transfer? - ansNutrients that are consumed are directly bioavailable. It is more efficient than conversion What is a good example of lateral transfer and why? - ansMeat, because the body can immediately use the nutrients that are in it as soon as it is digested What is conversion? - ansNutrients must be funneled through something else first before they can be utilized in the human body. There is a greater energy loss than with lateral transfer What is an example of conversion? - ansGoat eats grass, we drink goat milk, we get nutrients What are horses technically considered? - ansThey are technically considered to be livestock, although many people have them as companion animals
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What types of fiber can we get from animal products? - ansLeather, wool, cashmere, angora, and feathers How can animals be used for labor? - ansWorking in the field, draft purposes, etc. What subculture often uses animals for labor? - ansThe Amish How and why are animals used for transportation? - ansThey can be used in a horse-and- buggy setup in order to move goods from one location to another What types of animals are common in the service/rescue/therapy occupation? - ansDogs, although there are many different species used for therapy What does the ADA classify dogs as? - ansService animals Why can miniature equids be problematic? - ansSome places do not accept them as service animals What exotic animal is often used as a therapy animal? - ansCapuchin monkeys How can animals be used as entertainment? - ansZoo, movies, TV shows, and the circus What do zoos help to do? - ansThey help with conservation efforts What are some examples of products made from slaughter by-products? - ansBlood meal, bone china, violin strings, and intestines can be used for curing meat What do slaughter by-products help to do? - ansThey help to offset the price that we pay for the products that we do buy and eat How can animal models be used? - ansCan give us knowledge that can be applied to another animal system What is a model? - ansIt is a subset of research What must a product do before it can hit the human market? - ansIt must go through the animal market first How can animals be used for testing human products? - ansIntroduce a chemical compound to an animal cell for testing (usually a rat or a mouse is used). If the test is successful, the chemical is then tested on dogs or primates that are more similar to humans Can animals be used as models for other animals and what is an example? - ansYes. Pigs and dogs have similarities, so a pig can become a model for a dog How can models be used? - ansAfter data is gathered, the data is put into programs that can predict the impact on the environment What is research used for? - ansTo improve human conditions, to improve animal conditions, for understanding how different systems work, and to improve animals' efficiency and/or health How can animals and animal products be used for energy? - ansSome countries use elephants to clear trees instead of machines and some countries still burn dung for light and heat How can animals provide financial stability? - ansPeople can sell animals, and animals can go towards a savings account, since anything can be exchanged for goods and services What is an omnivore? - ansA being that eats animals and plants What was likely the earliest omnivore? - ansHomo erectus What is a herbivore? - ansA being that eats only plants What is true about herbivores? - ansThey would have to have a larger gut since they would have to hold on to plants longer to get the nutrients out of them What was likely the earliest herbivore? - ansLucy
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What is a big problem globally and why? - ansProtein malnutrition, because there's a restriction in transporting animal products to places that needs them What is true about the US and animal products? - ansThe US overconsumes animal products How does the use of animal products in the diet have a socioeconomic influence? - ansAs we have more expendable income, we put more money towards food, especially animal products. Education also has an influence on the types of products purchased What percentage of money does the US spend on food annually? - ans10% of money is spent on food What percentage of money do other parts of the world spend on food annually? - ans70% of money is spent on food What happens as there is an increase in money? - ansThere is an increase in meat and dairy products consumed What does more money mean from a population standpoint? - ansMore money means more children in the household, but the relationship between money and animal products consumed still holds true What does increased education lead to the purchase of? - ansHigher quality animal products such as seafood What does decreased education lead to the purchase of? - ansLower quality, lower cost animal products such as processed and ground products What is per capita consumption and how is it determined? - ansIt is an estimate of how much you consume on an annual basis and it is determined through a calculation Annually, how many pounds of chicken per person, per year does the US consume? - ans 63 pounds of chicken Annually, how many pounds of lamb/mutton per person, per year does the US consume? - ans1 pound of lamb/mutton What are estimates based on? - ansAppearance and disappearance (pounds of chicken that enter the market and pounds of chicken that leave the market. This number is then divided by the amount of people in the US based on a census. However, it does not include people not counted and food wasted) What animals are on the market? - ansChicken, pork, goat, turkey, fish, sheep, and veal Why is chicken such a popular meat? - ansIt is cheap, uniform, healthy, and readily available What cuts of meat can rival chicken's leanness, and why aren't they bought as often? - ansPork and beef can be just as lean as chicken, but they are more expensive than chicken What is true about pork? - ansThere are more pounds of pork consumed annually than any other product globally What is true about goat? - ansMore people consume goat than any other product, but not by pounds Annually, how many pounds of turkey per person, per year does the US consume? - ans pounds, but a majority of it is consumed around Thanksgiving, meaning that it is a holiday product. The consumption of turkey has not changed a lot in the past few years Why is fish so expensive? - ansCan't increase wild harvest, even though we farm a lot of salmon. Fish is limited by price What has a direct effect on price? - ansAll products are very regional (Maine-lobster, etc.)
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What is a lamb? - ansA young sheep What is mutton? - ansOld sheep What is true about the consumption of sheep and why? - ansIt is declining because of lack of knowledge about the product and how to cook it. Lamb is also very expensive and lacks consistency in size What is veal? - ansA young cow, usually between the ages of 3 - 24 weeks of age Where does most veal come from? - ansMale calves from the dairy industry, since they cannot be used for milk What has happened as a result of the controversy surrounding the practices used to raise veal?
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What is true about camel fibers? - ansThey are typically lower quality than other animal fibers Do animal products make a big contribution to the textile industry? - ansNo. Cotton and synthetic products dominate What are differences in textile prices based on and what can prohibit the use of animal fibers?
if it shows promise with the dog, it goes to a primate
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What fraction of Nobel Prizes have been awarded to studies that use animals in their research and what are examples of these experiments? - ans2/3 of Nobel Prizes, genetic studies on mice instead of plants, cornea transplant in humans after studying it in rabbits, discovery of insulin in dogs, studied the pancreas of cattle, purified the insulin, and put it into the human population for diabetes What animal did scientists learn about anemia from? - ansScientists learned about anemia from dogs What is anemia caused by? - ansThe absence of the vitamin B What animal did scientists learn about dialysis from? - ansThey learned about dialysis from pigs and primates What animal did scientists learn about polio from? - ansThey learned about polio from pigs and primates What animal did scientists learn about cardiac pacemakers, artificial heart valves, and heart transplants from? - ansDogs. The studies were done to benefit humans, but the practices are used in dogs now as well What animal did scientists learn about CAT scans from? - ansThey learned about CAT scans from pigs What animal did scientists learn about organ transplants from? - ansThey learned about organ transplants from pigs and baboons What is xenotransplantation? - ansOrgans from one animal system are put in another animal system What is allotransplantation? - ansOrgans from one human are put into another human What animal did scientists learn about neonatal care from? - ansPigs, because they are good models for human infants, since they develop in the same conditions What animal did scientists learn about leprosy from? - ansThey learned about leprosy from armadillos, since they have a lower body temperature and it was easier to study bacteria What has laproscopy done? - ansIt has caused a shortened hospital stay What was so significant about Dolly the sheep? - ansShe was a successful sheep that had an average lifespan and multiple babies. Scientists used one of her adult mammary cells to establish an embryo, which was the first time in history that scientists were able to establish an embryo from an adult cell What percentages of animals used for research are rats and mice? - ansMice - 44% Rats - 33% Why are mice and rats so popular for use as research models? - ans-Short gestation
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What are rats and mice that are used for biomedical research covered under and why aren't they covered under the AWA? - ansThey are covered under Public Health Services. It would be redundant for them to be covered by both Why are so many animals used for research purposes? - ans-Need the variety because animals function differently
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide Why can animals evolve and survive? - ansThey are flexible and able to change over time and space What is an example of how species can be selected for their traits in the creation of new variations? - ansNatural selection What does natural selection work with? - ansIt works with existing traits What is an example of natural selection? - ansThe Galapagos Finches beaks' changed slowly over time according to their diet How many breeds of Galapagos Finches are there? - ansThere are 14 breeds of Galapagos Finches What is an animal's number one instinct? - ansThe number one instinct is for food and a safe environment What is an animal's second instinct? - ansThe secondary drive is to reproduce What do mutations allow species to do? - ansThey allow species to survive differently in different environments What is true about bigger animals? - ansThey are more likely to spread their genetics and traits When did the first horse appear in the US? - ansFirst horse appeared in the US 65 million years ago What was the first horse called and how big was it? - ansIt was called eohippus and was said to be the size of a cocker spaniel, although it is now known to have been bigger than that How many toes did the eohippus have and why? - ansIt had 5 toes to help displace its weight in the swamp-like land that used to make up the US What are vestigial organs and what are some examples? - ansThey are adaptations that were once useful but are no longer needed, such as the appendix or ostrich wings How did the eohippus evolve when the US environment changed? - ansIt resulted in a more stable hindgut, teeth began to change to allow the horse to eat grass, the neck and legs lengthened, and the eyes became more side-facing Where are horses unable to see? - ansThey are unable to see directly in front of them or directly behind them, but they don't need to turn their heads to see peripherals What are the mechanisms of evolutionary change? - ans-Genetic Variation underscores evolution
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide How can natural selection become detrimental? - ansCan eventually become detrimental as the environment changes What are the characteristics of genetic drift? - ans-Haphazard and random
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What can make domestication take longer? - ansDomestication takes a long time, and some animals resist it. Others have traits from evolution that allow them to be domesticated more easily What is true about major species? - ansMajor species have a global impact What is true about minor species? - ansThey have a local impact What percentage of birds have undergone domestication? - ansLess than 1% of birds What percentage of large hooved animals are domesticated? - ansLess than 10% of large hooved animals What types of fish show signs of domestication, and why is it difficult to classify fish as wild or domesticated? - ansKoi and carp show some markers of domestication, but it is hard to say for sure whether they are domesticated because domestication in fish is not clearly defined What are some major species? - ansPigs, cows, goats, horses, sheep What are some minor species? - ansCamels, llamas, alpacas, reindeer, donkeys, and yaks What type of animals are easier to sustain? - ansAnimals that are omnivorous are easier to sustain than carnivores What is true about a cat? - ansIt doesn't show a lot of behavioral signs of domestication, although it is considered to be domesticated What are some social behaviors that support domestication success? - ans-Large social groups with a hierarchy structure
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide What did domestication first begin with and what did it move to? - ansDomestication first began with plants but then moved to animal systems after the first Ice Age, mostly due to climate change When were most humans hunter-gatherers and why? - ansMost were farmers in 8000 BC (Holocene) and were a benefit of agrarian society Why did many different domestication events happen at the same time in different places? - ansThis happened due to changes in the environment worldwide What does the end of the Ice Age and the beginning of domestication mark? - ansMarks the transition from hunter-gather into agrarian societies What happened when the population rapidly increased? - ansMigration with animals was not capable, and it became harder to move with the hunted animals as the population grew. As a result, we started keeping animals near us How did hunting become unsustainable? - ansThere were a large number of people hunting animals, meaning that humans had to begin traveling farther and farther to hunt, since animals were no longer near us What resource besides animals led us to keep animals near us? - ansThe areas we were in weren't meeting the wood demand What did water resources lead to? - ansLed to an increase in community living and keeping animals near us so that we would have a ready supply of animals How did humans originally unintentionally domesticate animals? - ansHumans imposed restriction of animal movement, which led to control over animals in the wild How did humans gain control over captive wild animals? - ansHumans began to capture and rear young animals, while slaughtering the mature male animals. Males were slaughtered once mature to control aggression How did humans begin breeding captive animals? - ansThey began to keep a few of the older males and breeding-age females so that they didn't have to continually reestablish the animal population How did humans begin creating morphological changes in captive animals? - ansHumans began intentionally selecting animals for a purpose, or selecting animals for certain features, which ultimately changed how the animal appeared What did humans cause the master gene to do? - ansHumans caused the master gene to turn on, which made animals become more docile as time went on What happened to animals that lived in our social environment? - ansThey became domesticated, although humans didn't have a lot of control over it initially What does archaeological evidence look at when trying to determine when animals were domesticated? - ans-Changes in skeletal size
Study Notes) A comprehensive review for Midterm One of Animal Science 2200 at Ohio State University. It includes detailed Q&A covering historical, biological, nutritional, and behavioural aspects of animal domestication and human-animal interactions. Topics range from evolutionary theory and domestication processes to food systems, animal products, conservation agriculture, and behavioural science. All material is structured in a flashcard- like format, ideal for exam preparation. 2025/2026 Updated Exam Study Guide