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Subject : Botany Topic : Annonaceae Simple, Descriptive and understandable notes. Written in point wise.
Typology: Study notes
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Class : Dicotyledons Sub-class : Polypetalae Series : Thalamiflorae Order : Ranales Family : Annonaceae
Perennial woody trees, shrubs or woody climbers; no herbs. Leaves simple, two ranked, exstipulate, glands are present. Flowers fascicled or solitary. Flowers small, bisexual, hemicyclic, hypogynous and actinomorphic; sweet scented (Artabotrys). Perianth outer whorl sepalloid, small; perianth lobes free, valvate.
Stamens many, free, acyclic hooded, with short and thick filaments; spiral arrangement of stamens on the convex thalamus; connectives thick and broad and sometimes surpass the anther lobes; anthers linear and extrorse. Gynoecium polycarpellary,: apocarpous; carpels spirally arranged, acyclic; placentation marginal or basal; anatropous ovule. Fruit etaerio of drupes or berries; seeds endospermic; endosperm ruminate.
Annona Squamosa Annona reticulata Cananga odorata Polyalthia longifolia
Perianth : Mostly in 3 whorls, each consisting of 3 members, the outer is calyx- like (sepalloid), valvate, free or connate below; the inner two perianth members are petalloid, valvate. In Annona, sepals 3 and petals 3. Thalamus forms a large convex or conical structure above the perianth. Androecium : Numerous stamens are spirally arranged and closely packed on the conspicuous thalamus. The filament is short bearing a prominent dithecous anther. The connective is prolonged to form a hood at the top. The dehiscence is longitudinal and extrorse.
Gynoecium : Carpels numerous, free, closely arranged on the thalamus in a spiral manner (apocarpous). Each carpel has an ovary, style and stigma; single basal anatropous ovule in Annona; ovary superior; placentation marginal or basal. Fruit : Fruit is an aggregate of free berries in Artabotrys, Polyalthia. In Uvaria, each carpel develops into an elongate fruit which is constricted in between the seeds. In Annona squamosa, fruit is an aggregate of berries; the berries coalesce with the fleshy receptacle. Seed : With endosperm, endosperm ruminate.
Fruit of Annona squamosa (Custard apple) A. Cherimolia (cherimoyer), A. reticulata (bullock's heart) are delicious. The fruit of A. muricata (Sour sop) is mostly cultivated in West Indies. Polyalthia longifolia is an ornamental tree. Artabotrys uncinatus (champa), Cananga odorata are cultivated for the highly scented flowers. The latter is the source of the perfume 'ylang ylang'.
