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Which describes the study of the functions of body structures? a) anatomy b) physiology c) endocrinology d) histology e) immunology ANSWERV¥ b A group of cells that work together to perform a particular function is a(n) a) tissue b) organ c) molecules d) compounds e) organism ANSWERV V a ) The two organ systems that predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the a) cardiovascular and integumentary systems -b) nervous and endocrine systems. ¢) cardiovascular and respiratory systems. d) respiratory and muscular systems. e) urinary and integumentary systems ANSWERVV b Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissucs? a) lymph b) blood plasma c) interstitial fluid d) intracellular fluid e) vitreous body ANSWERV V c Describe the differences between positive and negative feedback systems ANSWERV ¥ A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions while a negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition. Hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center to the a) receptors b) stimulus c) afferent pathway d) effectors e) efferent pathway ANSWERV V d ) A component that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the a) receptor b) muscle c) response d) effector ANSWERV V a ) If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of b) parasagittal plane ¢) transverse plane d) oblique plane c) midsagittal plane ANSWERVV b Cutting the body in half at the diaphragm, would create the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvie cavity. What plane would create these halves? a) frontal b) sagittal c) transverse d) oblique e) midsagittal ANSWERV V c The pericardial cavity is located inside the a) parictal pleura b) visceral pleura c) parietal periotneum d) visceral peritoneum e) mediastinum ANSWERVV e Which examples exhibit the basic life process of growth? 1. muscle contraction 2. digestion of proteins 3. lifting weights and gaining muscle mass. 4. mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen a) l only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 3 and4 ANSWERVV e During a visit to your doctor, you complain about headache and anxiety. These changes in your body functions are considered a) signs.b) symptoms.c) receptors.d) controlled condition.e) responsiveness ANSWERV V b Which body process is controlled using a positive feedback loop? a) decreasing blood calcium in response to elevated blood calcium b) decreasing body temperature in response to elevated body temperature c) decreasing blood glucose in response to elevated blood glucose d) increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch e) decreasing heart rate in response to elevated blood pressure ANSWERV V d Which organ contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure? a) skin b) arteries ¢) brain d) heart ¢) pituitary gland ANSWERV V c individual standing in the standard anatomical position? a) shoulder blade b) palm of the hand c) plantar surface of foot d) popliteal region of the knee e) gluteal region ANSWERV V b Match the serous membrane with its location Visceral pericardium: Parietal peritoneum: Parietal pleural: ANSWERY ¥ 1I- adheres to outside of the heart 2 -lines wall of abdominopelvic cavity 3- lines wall of chest cavity In negative feedback, the monitors the controlled condition. Input about the controlled condition is sent to the , which evaluates the information received and compares it to the controlled conditions set point. If needed, a(n) will cause a change to the controlled condition. Homeostasis helps maintain controlled conditions at a(n) . which is the ideal range. ANSWERYV*V control center, effector, receptor, set point What are the four major clements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body? a) nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, sodium b) hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen d) oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium ¢) potassium, phosphorus, sodium, hydrogen ANSWERV v c The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are a) neutrons, quarks, and muons. b) protons, neutrons, and electrons. ¢) muons, positons, and neutrons. d) electrons, quarks, and protons. €) positons, protons, and neutrons ANSWERV¥V b Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds? 1. neutron 2. electron 3. proton ANSWERV V b T/F, in chemistry a charged particle is called an ion ANSWERV V True Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electron pairs between two atoms? a) covalent b) ionic c) hydrogen d) atomic c) chemical reaction d) concentration c) energy ANSWERV V ¢ An enzyme acts to a) raise the activation energy needed to start the reaction. b) lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction. c) convert the activation energy into potential energy. d) convert the activation energy into kinetic energy. e) stop a chemical reaction. ANSWERV ¥ b Which type of chemical reaction combines reactants to produce larger products? a) synthesis b) decomposition ¢) potential d) exchange e) activated ANSWERVV a Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products? a) synthesis b) decomposition ¢c) potential d) exchange e) activated ANSWERV V b Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products? a) synthesis b) decomposition ¢c) potential d) exchange e) activated ANSWERVV a a solute that dissolves in water is a)hydrophobic. b) hydrostatic. ¢) lipophilic. d) hydrophilic. e) hydrozone ANSWERVV d Describe the functions of water in the body ANSWER¥ V Water is a Solvent that allows transportation of Solutes. Water acts in hydrolysis reactions to split reactants. Water can transport heat in the body and can be used to release heat from the body as occurs in sweating. Water is used as a lubricant, particularly in serous fluids like those surrounding the lungs and on mucosal membranes like those lining the gastrointestinal tract A solution with a pH value less than 7 is a) basic. b) neutral. Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells? a) forms the building blocks for the synthesis of proteins. b) transfers energy for cell functions c) carries genetic code needed for protein synthesis d)carries inherited genetic code that controls protein synthesis e)transports fluids ANSWERV V b Surface tension of an aqueous Solution is generated by the presence of ___ between water molecules. a) covalent bonds b) ionic bonds c) hydrogen bonds d) ester links c) None of these choices ANSWERV V Define mixture and then distinguish between the three types of mixtures called Solutions , colloids and suspensions ANSWERY V a mixture is a combination of elements or sompounds that are physically blended together but not bound by chemical bonds. a solution is a mixture where the solutes are evenly dispersed among solvent molecules. solutions have a clear appearance. colloid are like solutions except the solute is big enough to scatter light. a colloid appears translucent or opaque. solutions will settle out. Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol. What is true about Vitamin D? a) Vitamin D is water soluble b) Vitamin D is fat soluble c) Vitamin D is not soluble in fat or water d) Vitamin D is soluble in both fat and water ANSWERVV b In laboratory, Sudan TV is used to test for the presence of hydrophobic substances in food. Which organic molecule would exhibit a positive reaction with Sudan IV? a) Lipids b) Nucleic Acids c) Carbohydrates d) Globular proteins ANSWERV V a What are the three main parts of a human body cell? a) plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm b) plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus c) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus e) plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles ANSWERV V d Briefly describe the fluid mosaic model ANSWERV ¥ The fluid mosaic model states that the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles an cver-moving sca of fluid lipids containing a mosaic of many different proteins What are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids? a) phosphate-containing head groups b) fatty acid tail groups c) Both the head and tail groups are nonpolar. d) Neither the head nor tail groups are nonpolar. ANSWERVV b Plasma membranes are___, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not. a) selectively permeable b) concentration graded c) electrically graded d) selectively soluble e) electrical insulators ANSWERVV a Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane? a) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane b) mass of the diffusing chemical c) distance that the chemical has to diffuse d) amount of ATP available e) temperature ANSWERVV d Briefly describe the driving force for the movement of water across plasma membranes. ANSWERV V Water moves across membranes by osmosis, which is driven by solute concentration differences across the membrane. Water moves from the area of low solute concentration to the area of high solute concentrations Which of the following is the transport process by which gases, like O02 and CO2, move through a membrane? a) osmosis b) active transport c) secondary active transport d) simple diffusion c) endocytosis ANSWERV V a In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g. glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane. a) osmosis b) primary active transport c) secondary active transport d) facilitated diffusion. e) endocytosis ANSWERV Vv d In this transport process. the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients. a) primary active transport b) secondary active transport c) facilitated diffusion d) passive diffusion e) osmosis ANSWERV V a Which of the following transport process uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell? a) endocytosis b) exocytosis c) facilitated diffusion d) osmosis e) Both endocytosis and exocytosis ANSWERV V a Specialized structures within a cell that have a characteristic shape and perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction are called a) organelles. b) cytoskeletons. c) cytoplasm. d) cytosol, e) nuclei: ANSWERVV a Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell's a) cytoskeleton. b) nucleus. c) plasma membrane. d) flagella. e) ribosome. ANSWERV V a Which cellular organelle is comprised of a pair of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material. a) cytoskeleton b) cilia c) centrosome d) flagella e) peroxisome ANSWERV V c Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins? a) rough endoplasmic reticulum b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) nucleus d) lysosome ¢) Golgi comple ANSWERV V a Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies, sorts, and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell? a) endoplasmic reticulum b) Golgi complex c) peroxisomes d) nucleus e) proteasome ANSWERV V b Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification 
