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Significant memory loss is a normal part of aging and should be expected in most people by age 80 T/F ANSWERVV False Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the sympathctic nervous system and the adrenal glands? a. Sympathetic fibers all migrate in the adrenal glands which, in turn, cause the fight of flight reaction b. The adrenal glands are part of the peripheral nervous system ce. The adrenal glands release ncurotransmitters which "turn on" the sympathetic fibers d. sympathetic fibers innervate the adrenals to release epinephrine and norepinephrine ANSWERV ¥ D. Sympathetic fibers innervate the adrenals to release epinephrine and norepinephrin Damage to the nerve will cause blindness ANS WER¥V ¥ Optic Somatic reflexes affect skeletal muscle; visceral reflexes affect an organ, usually to maintain homeostasis. T/F ANSWERV ¥ Truc What occurs during the depolarization phase of an impulse? a. Sodium/potassium pump actively works to move sodium ions out of the cell and allow potassium ions into the cell b. Potassium channels open allowing potassium ions to flood out of the cell; cell becomes more negative on the inside c. Sodium channels open allowing sodium ions to flood into the neuron: cell becomes more positive on the inside d. Sodium channels open allowing sodium ions to flood out of the neuron; cell becomes more positive on the inside due to protein molecules ANSWERV ¥ C. Sodium channels open allowing sodium ions to flood into the neuron: cell becomes more positive on the inside Match the hormone with the correct description of its function. Insulin, aldosterone, glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines 1. Prepares the body for physical activity 2. Promotes sodium and water reabsorption from the kidneys 3. Stimulates body cells to take up the glucose and amino acids 4, Stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose 5. Involved in the body's ability to adapt to stress ANS WERV V Insulin: Stimulates body cells to take up glucose and amino acids Aldosterone: Promotes sodium and water reabsorption from the kidneys Glucagon: Stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose Cortisol: Involved in the body's ability to adapt to stress Catecholamines: prepares the body for physical activity Where is the subarachnoid space located in the spinal cord? a. between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater d. between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater c. between the gray mater and the white mater d. between the spinal cord and pia mater ANSWERV ¥ b. between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater d. thyroid ANSWERV V b. thymus People with Parkinson's disease haye problems with balance and muscle tone. Which spinal tract is affected by Parkinson's disease? a. extrapyramidal tract d. corticospinal c. spinothalamic tract d. spinocerebellar tract ANSWERV ¥ a. extrapyramidal tract Which of the following structures contain the receptors for the sense of taste? a. papillae b. taste buds c. gustatory cells d. lingual cells ANSWERV ¥ ec. gustatory cells Match the description with the correct division of the brain 1. Responsible for hunger. thirst and temperature; controls the pituitary gland 2. Is the area of the brain which coordinates movement so movements are not jerky; also area for balance. coordination and posture 3. Is the part responsible for being awake and alert 4. Is the point of connection between the brain and the spinal cord; contains cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory centers 5. Is the area that receives most sensory information and relays it so the appropriate part of the cortex. a. Hypothalamus b. Medulla Oblongata c. Cerebellum d. Thalamus ¢. Reticular activating system (RAS) ANSWERV ¥ 1. Hypothalamus 2. Cerebellum 3. Reticular activating system (RAS) 4. Medulla oblongata 5. Thalamus Which spinal tract is at work when you feel the softness of a kitten, the heat of a flame or the sting of a bee? a. spinocerebellar tract b. corticospinal tract c. spinothalamic tract d. extrapyramidal tact ANS WERV ¥ ce. Spinothalamic tract What is the cortex of the brain? a. the cortex is a layer of white matter which covers the cerebrum and cerebellum b. the cortex is the outermost white matter layer of the whole brain c. the cortex is the outermost gray matter layer of the whole brain d. the cortex is a layer of gray matter which covers the cerebrum and cerebellum ANSWERVV d. the cortex is a layer of gray matter which covers the cerebrum and cerebellum Match the function description with the correct hormone. 1. Important for the development of the immune system 2. Increases metabolic rate and heat production b. chemical particles (food and drink) are briefly lodged in the crevices between papillae, the pressure of which stimulates taste receptors ¢. chemicals (food and drink) must be dissolved in saliva to stimulate taste d. chemical particles (food and drink) mix with saliva; the majority of taste receptors are at the back of the tongue so taste is experienced just before swallowing ANSWERV V c. chemicals (food and drink) must be dissolved in saliva to stimulate taste. How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the human body? ANSWERV ¥ 31 Some diseases, such as Alzheimer's, cerebral palsy and Huntington's cause problems with movement. These patients can experience trouble starting a movement and sometimes lose most of their mobility. Which part of the brain is affected by these diseases? a. frontal lobe b. corpus callosum c. basal ganglia d. parietal lobe ANSWERV ¥ C. Basal Ganglia What is the name of the doughnut-shaped ring of the muscles which change the diameter of the pupil? a. Lens b. Ciliary body ¢. Iris d. Sclera ANSWERV V c. Iris Which of the following is not a main function of the nervous system? a. sense changes in the internal and external environments b. respond to sensory input and initiate a response in a gland or muscle c. release hormones d. integrate sensory information and determine response ANSWERV V c. releases hormone George has been brought into the emergency department at the hospital. He is a 62 year old male. He was complaining of sudden severe severe pain in his left arm and a burning sensation in his chest when playing basketball with his grandchildren. Upon examination, the physician finds that George has had a heart attack. Why did George feel pain in his left arm a. George experience phantom pain b. George experienced referred pain c. George experienced a traumatic health event so his nervous system confused heart pain and arm pain d. George experienced a muscle pull from playing basketball ANS WERV V b. George experienced referred pain Schwann cells make up the blood-brain barrier T/F ANSWERVV False Which layer of the meninges follows that contours of the surface of the brain? a. corlex b. dura mater c. arachnoid mater d. pia mater ANSWERV ¥ Pia mater What would happen if a person were to experience damage to the brainstem? ANSWERVJV The person would likely die Picture yourself sailing on a yacht. you are swinging your left foot along to your favorite song and enjoying yourself in the company of friends. Which part of your brain is at work here? ANSWERV ¥ Right hemisphere What is the name of the fluid which circulates directly posterior to the cornea’? a. tears b. lacrimal fluid c. vitreous humor d. aqueous humor ANS WERV ¥ d. aqueous humor Which of the following describes the pain pathway, beginning with the site of injury and ending when the person would become aware of the pain? a. Injured tissues stimulate nociceptors; the pain signal travels to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; the spinoreticular tract relays the pain signal to the thalamus; the thalamus relays the pain signal to the cortex b. Injured tissues stimulate the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; the spinothalamic tract stimulates the spinoreticular tract; the spinoreticular tract stimulates the thalamus; the thalamus relays a signal to the limbic system c. Injured tissues stimulate nociceptors; the pain signal travels to the spinoreticular tract; the spinoreticular tract relays the pain signal to they hypothalamus and limbic system d. Injured tissues stimulate nociceptors; the pain signal then travels to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; the spinothalamic tract relays pain signal to ANSWERV V d. Injured tissues stimulate nociceptors; the pain signal then travels to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord; the spinothalamic tract relays pain signal to thalamus; the thalamus relays the pain signal to the cortex. Which of the following is not a main function of the autonomic nervous system? a. Send motor impulses to the heart b. send motor impulses to glands muscles of the blood vessels c. send motor impulses to glands to secrete hormones d. Send motor impulses to skeletal muscle ANSWERV V d. Send motor impulses to skeletal muscle Which of the following pair of glands have the similarity of actually containing 2 separate portions each of which have independent functions and hormones? a. pituitary and adrenal b. pituitary and thyroid ¢. pancreas and thyroid d, pancreas and adrenal ANSWERV ¥ a. pituitary and adrenal Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus regarding the endocrine system? a. it synthesizes releasing hormones b. it synthesizes inhibiting hormones c. it provides the neurons for the posterior pituitary gland d. it produces oxytocin, prolactin and growth hormone ANSWERV ¥ d. produces oxytocin, prolactin and growth hormone What does the term decussation mean? ANSWERV ¥ The crossing of spinal tracts to the opposite side of the body; occurs in the brain stem - Tympanic membrane Produces cerumen and funnels sound waves toward the eardrum - Auditory canal Stirrup-shaped bone - Stapes Hammer-shaped bone - Malleus Passageway the nasopharynx and the middle ear - Eustachian tube Why are glial cells structure to the function of the nervous system? ANSWERV V Glial cells act like glue to hold neurons in place so they cannot be displaced Match with: Fovea Centralis, Iris, Ciliary body, Cornea, Retina, Optic disc, Choroid, Sclera 1. Dense connective tissue makes up the white outermost layer of the eye 2. Vascular tissue supplying oxygen and nutrients to the retina and sclera; makes up the majority of the middle layer 3. Where nerve fibers leave the retina; entryway for blood vessels and nerves: blind spot 4. Thin layer of tissue; contains the light-sensitive receptors a . Transparent anterior part of the cyc; first arca of refraction 6. Releases aqueous humor; assists in holding lens in place ~ . Colored part of the eye; made of muscles 8. Has the highest concentration of cones ANSWERV ¥ 1. Sclera 2. Choroid 3. Optic disc 4. Retina 5. Cornea 6. Ciliary body 7. Iris 8. Fovea centralis Ascending spinal tracts carry information toward the brain and descending spinal tracts carry information away from the brain T/F ANSWERV V True What is not a primary taste sensation? a. sweet b. crunchy c, bitter d. salty ANSWERV¥ Crunchy Which cranial nerve is important for proper heart and digestive function? a. vagus nerve b. olfactory nerve c. hypoglossal nerve d. trigeminal nerve ANSWERY V a. vagus nerve Which of the following are the two main divisions of the nerve system? a. central nervous system and autonomic nervous system b. peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system c. central nervous system and somatic nervous system d. central nervous system and peripheral nervous system ANSWER ¥ d. central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Match the description: Sits between the cerebrum and the midbrain. Is at the back of the head. Thick bundle of nerves which run under the longitudinal fissure. Raised ridges on the surface of the cerebrum. Contains the midbrain. With: Brainstem. Gyri. Corpus callosum. Cerebellum. Diencephalon. ANS WERV ¥ Sits between the cerebrum and the midbrain - diencephalon. Back of the head - cerebellum. Thick bundle of nerves which run under the longitudinal fissure - corpus callosum Raised ridges on the surface of the cerebrum - gyri Contains the midbrain - brainstem Choose the response which includes only general senses A, equilibrium B. Pressure C. taste D. stretch E. temperature F. smell Select a. A,B,D.E b. B,D,E ¢..C,E,F d. A,C,E.F ANSWERV ¥ b. B,D,E Which of the following correctly describes the building blocks from which hormones are made? a. fatty acids and carbohydrates b. cholesterol and amino acids c. amino acids and carbohydrates d. cholesterol and carbohydrates ANS WERV ¥ b. cholesterol and amino acids Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord; cranial nerves arise from the brain. T/F ANSWERVV True Slow pain fibers produce dull, aching pain and fast pain fibers produce sharp, stabbing pain. T/F ANSWERVV True Which of the following is false regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? a. CSF is formed in the lateral ventricles b. CSF moves from the brain to the spinal cord through the central canal c. CSF is found in the brain and spinal cord d. CSF is only found in the spinal cord ANS WERV ¥ d. CSF is only found in the spinal cord Which structure does not produce a fluid which moistens the eye? a. lacrimal gland b. conjunctiva c. choroid d, tarsal glands ANSWERV V c. choroid Match the description with the correct type of neuron: Found only in CNS; connect sensory and motor paths d. brain ANSWERV ¥ a. lungs Bob fell off his motorcycle and is new in the hospital. He is complaining that he cannot feel parts of his legs. How will the doctor determine which spinal nerves may be injured, causing Bob's numbness? ANSWERV ¥ d. the doctor will check various dermatomes Night vision is possible duc to rods, not cones. T/F ANSWERV ¥ True Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a. acts as a cushion against minor head trauma b. supplies blood to the CNS c. provides glucose and protein to the CNS d. removes metabolic wastes from the CNS ANSWERV ¥ b. supplies blood to the CNS Which statement best describes the term specificity with respect to the endocrine system? a. cells will only respond to a hormone if it has receptors for that particular hormone b. each hormone is released by a specific organ or group of cells c. hormones attach to specific cells in the blood for transport d. each hormone has a specific role in the body ANSWERV ¥ a. cells will only respond to a hormone if it has receptors for that particular hormone A neuron cannot be stimulated during the refractory period. T/F ANSWERVV True In order for you to move ANPH knowledge from your short-term memory (from cramming) into long-term memory (so you can recall info in later courses), you need to repeat stimulation. This means you need to go over the material several times to make permanent changes in your brain. T/F ANSWERVV True The pupillary dilator muscles constrict causing the diameter of the pupil to increase. T/F ANSWERVV True Match the description to the correct nerve plexus: Contains the femoral nerve and other nerves for the thigh and leg. Contains the phrenic nerve and other nerves to the skin of the neck, tops of the shoulders and part of the head. Contains the axillary nerve and other nerves to the arm, and lower shoulder. Contains the largest nerve in the body - sciatic nerve With: Sacral plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, cervical plexus ANSWERV Vv 1. lumbar plexus 2. cervical plexus 3. brachial plexus 4. sacral plexus Sunita is a student who works hard on her assignments and prepares well for exams and quizzes. During December, Sunita is especially stressed over her last assignments and studying for all her final exams. Just when the semester break begins, Sunita is very relieved but finds that she comes down with a cold. Which of the following best describes the hormone/actions involved a. melatonin is release while she stays up late and studies because she has a lamp on; light prevents release of melatonin b. glucagon stimulates release of glucose which would provide fuel to Sunita's cells during times of stress/irregular eating 
