Download Immune System: Specific Immunity and Its Responses and more Quizzes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Nonspecific system
Specific immunity follows the ______ system TERM 2
1.Primary response 2.Secondary response;
faster
DEFINITION 2 Specific immunity has two responses, which are the _____ and _______, which is ______ TERM 3
1.Humoral immunity 2.Cellular immunity
DEFINITION 3 Two types of specific immunity, the ______ and ______ TERM 4
Humoral immunity (antibody)
DEFINITION 4 based on the action of antibodies that occur in the body fluids and on the plasma membrane of B cells TERM 5
Cellular-mediated immunity
DEFINITION 5 based on the action of T cells that attack and target cells infected w/ viruses or parasites
1.releasing cytokines that induce or assist
with target cell suicide (apoptosis) 2. target
cell lysis 3.B-cell development 4. Antibody
production
Cellular mediated immunity works by, (4) TERM 7
binding to bacteria, toxins, and extracellular
viruses tagging and marking them for
destruction
DEFINITION 7 Humoral immunity works by, TERM 8
Naturally Acquired active immunity
DEFINITION 8 type of immunity that occurs when an individual's immune system contacts an antigen via viral process and produces antibodies and activated lymphocytes TERM 9
Naturally Acquired passive immunity
DEFINITION 9 involves the transfer of antibodies from one host to another (e.g., breast milk) TERM 10
Artificially acquired active immunity
DEFINITION 10 results with deliberate exposure to an individual to a vaccine with subsequent development of an immune response
Haptens
small molecules that are not antigenic, but become antigenic if they bond to a larger carrier molecule like a proteins TERM 17
antibodies
DEFINITION 17 An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shape protein produced by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. TERM 18
Crystallizable fragment
(Fc)
DEFINITION 18 is the stalk of the antibody that can bind to a host cell by interacting with its cell-surface Fcreceptor TERM 19
cell-surface Fc
DEFINITION 19 the Crystallizable fragment can bind to a host cell by interacting with its ___-_______ __ receptor TERM 20
antigen-binding fragments (Fab)
DEFINITION 20 the top of the Y consist of 2 _______-______ fragments that bind with compatible epitopes
constant and variable
the two Fab fragments are composed of both ________ and _____ regions TERM 22
constant
DEFINITION 22 Fc fragments are only composed of _______ regions TERM 23
specific and weak
DEFINITION 23 Bonding to an antigen is _______ and ____ TERM 24
1.Opsonization 2.Immobilization
3.Complement activation 4.NK attack
DEFINITION 24 Antibodies work by (4) TERM 25
antibodies &
opsinization
DEFINITION 25 is used to coat antibodies to make them better for phagocytosis (e.g., honey & PB)
IgA
is most abundant in mucous secretions and sIgA resists enzymatic degradation. 10% TERM 32
IgE
DEFINITION 32 attaches to mast cells and basophiles reacts with cell-bound igE to release granule contents (allergic antibody) TERM 33
Secondary response
DEFINITION 33 primes the immune system so that is possess specific immunological memory through its clones of memory B cells occurs when an individual is reexposed to a pathogen IgG TERM 34
Primary response
DEFINITION 34 begins with an initial lag phase, before antibody response is mounted with no antigen-specific antibody detected. rises to a plateaus during the log phase where antibodies are naturally metabolized or bound to the antigen IgG and IgM TERM 35
B cells
DEFINITION 35 develop in bone marrow and relocate to specialized tissue sites for maturation.
effector
B-cells are induced to elicit an _______ response TERM 37
Effector response
DEFINITION 37 when a foreign, nonself material is detected. TERM 38
Clonal Selection Theory
DEFINITION 38 from a large diverse B cell pool, specific cells are stimulated by antigens to reproduce and form B-cell clones containing the same genetic information. TERM 39
Somatic mutations
DEFINITION 39 point mutation hot spots are more likely to be altered than other areas of variable regions TERM 40
Antibody gene splicing
DEFINITION 40 occurs between different nucleotides generating different codons in the spliced gene, increasing variability
Superantigens
a class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T- cells resulting in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release. TERM 47
all cells can present, but can't present
everything
DEFINITION 47 antigen presenters TERM 48
MHC proteins
DEFINITION 48 proteins on the surface of all cells TERM 49
Class I MHC proteins
DEFINITION 49 (Tc cells rec)- serve to identify almost all nucleatedcells of the body as "self" TERM 50
Endogenous antigen
DEFINITION 50 enables the host cell to present the antigen to a subset of T cells that is specific to class I MHC molecules
Endogenous antigens
Use T cells that bind to and kill cells presenting fragment of foreign protein fragment TERM 52
Class II MHC
proteins
DEFINITION 52 (Th cells rec)- only produced by certain WBC, like activated macrophages dendritic cells TERM 53
macrophages and dendritic
DEFINITION 53 Class II MHC proteins that are only produced by certain WBCs, like activated __________ and _________ cells TERM 54
T cell dependent antibody production
DEFINITION 54 B cell internalizes antigen MHC II slots for antigen Identity leads to cytokine activation TERM 55
Cytotoxic T cells
DEFINITION 55 functions to destroy virally infected cells & cancerous cells
