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AORN Periop 101 Questions and Answers
Latest Updated 2025/202 6
In addition to the surgeon, which surgical team members wear sterile gowns and gloves during the procedure? Correct Answer-Scrub Person AND Surgical assistant The pathology laboratory and blood bank are usually situated in which of the following areas? Correct Answer-Unrestricted area What phases of the nursing process does the periopeartive nurse practice during the preoperative phase of the surgical experience? Correct Answer-Assessment, Identification of desired outcome, Nursing diagnosis, Planning Data collection is part of which phase in the nursing process Correct Answer-Assessment Which of the following is considered a critical perioperative nursing diagnosis within the PNDS? Correct Answer-Risk for perioperative positioning injury Competency statements Correct Answer-Direct a nurse's activity in the perioperative arena; Provide a basic model to evaluate the quality of nursing practice; Ascertain a level of skills and abilities necessary to fulfill the professional role (All of the above) Defining nursing goals and intervention strategies is a part of which phase in the nursing process Correct Answer-Outcome identification Match each staff member with the appropriate responsibility Correct Answer-Scrub person- Monitors aseptic technique; RN circulator- Creates and maintains a safe environment; Housekeeping- Cleans the furniture at the end of the OR day; Nurse anesthetist- administers anesthesia to the patient
Creating cultures that supports patient safety through which of the following mechanisms? Correct Answer-Convene and communicate with members about safety; Incorporate attention to patient safety into training programs; Collaborate across disciplines. The IOM report describes the importance of setting standards and expectations for patient safety. Setting standards can Correct Answer-Set expectations for the health professionals; Establish consistency across individuals and organizations; Help set expectations of consumers and purchases. Which of the following AORN Position Statement on Correct site of surgery is true? Correct Answer-The staff member should verbally verify the correct site with each member of the surgical team Maintaining a safe OR environment, staff members are required to Correct Answer-Monitor, identify, and reports safety hazards; Understand and comply with the emergency power outage plan; Practice sound, basic and OR specific electrical and fire safety. The elements required to create a cultures of safety include Correct Answer-A sense of trust among team members; A sincere commitment of affirming safety as the first priority; Development and support of a proactive approach rather than a reactive blaming approach; Dissemination of receipt of information to all levels of staff. Which of the following practices should be used ti implement the Joint Commission's Universal Protocol for preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, Wrong Person Surgery? Correct Answer- Using a time-out procedure before beginning the procedure The purpose of the National Patient Safety Goals is to Correct Answer-Promote specific improvements in patient safety; Highlight problematic areas in health care; Describe evidence and expert-based system-wide solutions to the problems
Benefits of evidence based practice include which of the following? Correct Answer-The professional perioperative nurse can base his or her practice on evidence; Provides point of care clinicians with tools that can assist in improving patient care, The evidence collected is rated for quality and strength. Which of the following statements reflects the findings from a research study of more than 11,000 nurses conducted in 2007 related to the importance of certification? Correct Answer- Enhances feelings of personal accomplishment; Validates specialized knowledge. For a professional nurse, personal accountability means Correct Answer-Willingness to take responsibility for one's actions; Being dependable in all situations; Making the best decisions with the input available; Willingness to bare consequences for one's actions Which of the following statements are true about objective data? Correct Answer-Data that is the information written in the patient's record and nursing notes; History, physical, and laboratory data are examples of objective data Match the age groups with their ability for learning and understanding Correct Answer-Birth to one month- The child is able to express only through crying; 1 - 12 months- The baby will smile, babble, and gurgle; One to three years- The baby is able to understand and respond to simple commands; Three to six years- The child is able to literally interpret terms. Patients in which of the following age groups have the greatest blood volume per unit of body weight? Correct Answer-Children During the preoperative interview, why should the perioperative nurse ask patients about their use of herbal preparations, alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs? Correct Answer-Herbal supplements may affect the metabolism of drugs administered;
Recreational drug use may affect the choice of preoperative sedation; Smoking may affect circulatory and respiratory system assessment results. Which items are included in a psychosocial assessment? Correct Answer-Coping styles; cultural beliefs and practices; Expectations of perioperative care; Spiritual or religious beliefs Which of the following statements is true? Correct Answer-Lung capacity decreases with increasing age Which of the following factors make geriatric patients more sensitive to injury and cold? Correct Answer-Decrease in subcutaneous fat Why is it important to assess the use of herbal supplements or recreational drugs before surgery? Correct Answer-Herbal preparations can affect bleeding times; Herbal preparations can interfere with drug metabolism; Recreational drug use can result in withdrawal symptoms; Recreational drug users may require higher doses of anesthetic medications. What interventions can the perioperative nurse perform to protect elderly patients? Correct Answer-Employ DVT prophylactic devices; Position the patient for effective air exchange; Use warming devices to maintain the normothermia A child in which of the following age groups can be described as "likes to socialized and can interpret terms"? Correct Answer-3 to 6 years The goal of patient and family education is to Correct Answer-Provide information to the patient; Improve knowledge; Achieve long lasting changes in behavior;
Intellectual ability; Physical ability The perioperative nurse should use the directive interview technique over a nondirective interview technique when the information he or she needs Correct Answer-Consists of predetermined questions; Consists of questions in a predetermined order; Is to document the patient's health history A preoperative patient's DNR order is Correct Answer-Reconsidered to ensure that the risks and benefits of anesthesia and surgery are discussed before surgery Obtaining informed consent is a two step process of Correct Answer-Communicating information and documenting the decision How does the perioperative nurse test the patient's level of understanding? Correct Answer-By asking questions about the procedure and evaluating the answer A directive interview is Correct Answer-Structures with predetermined questions Factors that may affect the amount of pain the patient will experience postoperatively are Correct Answer-The surgical site; The nature and intended purpose of the surgery; the patient's fears regarding anesthesia or surgery Which of the three elements required for an infection to occur is related to inanimate environmental surfaces? Correct Answer-Source or Reservoir One of the most effective ways to prevent disease transmission and control infections in health care settings is Correct Answer-Hand Hygiene
Match the three types of transmission based precautions with the correct examples of precautions that should be implemented Correct Answer-Contact- Donning PPE and environmental cleaning; Droplet- Donning PPE and patient placement Airborne- Donning PPE and waring a surgical mask with a respirator level of N95 or higher The OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen standard requires health care personnel to wear the following when splashes, spray, spatter, or droplets occur Correct Answer-Masks; Shoe coverings; Eye protection devices; Gloves Which factors determine the likelihood of transmission and persistence of multi drug resistant organisms Correct Answer-Effectiveness of prevention methods; Numbers of colonized patients; Vulnerability of the patients Several types of infections may be acquired in the perioperative settting Correct Answer-Surgical site infections- SSIs; Multidrug resistant organisms- MDROs; Central line associated blood stream nfections- CLABSIs; Catheter associated urinary tract infections- CAUTIs Effective methods for preventing SIs include Correct Answer-Effective environmental cleaning procedures; Performance of sterile technique; Use of surgical attire and other barriers (All of the above) Immunizations and testing for health care workers should include all of the following except Correct Answer-Shingles
The goals of performing post procedure cleaning of the OR/procedure room include the following Correct Answer-It renders the environment safe for the patient following in that room to prevent cross contamination; It breaks the cycle of contamination from the patient to the environment and from the environment to OR personnel and then to subsequent patients; It is the patient's right to have a clean and safe environment. Terminal cleaning must be done Correct Answer-Once during each 24 hour period During post procedure cleaning Correct Answer-All kick buckets, hampers, and similar receptacles must be inspected and disinfected as needed; Transport vehicles are to be considered contaminated after patient contact; All horizontal surfaces of tables and equipment, including the anesthesia machine, should be wiped down with a lint free cloth moistened with a hospital approved disinfectant. Identify the pathogens that can be commonly found in the OR environement Correct Answer- Escherichia coli; Methicilin resistant STaph aureus; Serratia marcescens. In which surgical wound category should a total abdominal hysterectomy be classified? Correct Answer-Clean contaminated wound Match terms Correct Answer-Disinfection- A chemical or physical process of destroying all pathogenic microorganisms, except spores, on inanimate objects. Decontamination- The use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne or other pathogens on a surface or item. Sterilization- The process of destroying all microorganisms on a substance by exposure to physical and chemical agents; the complete elimination of all forms of microorganisms. High level disinfection- A process that destroys all microorganisms with the exception of high numbers of bacterial spores.
Immediate use steam sterilization can be used Correct Answer-In urgent situations A packing system for items undergoing sterilization should Correct Answer-Permit aseptic delivery of contents to the sterile field Complete sterilization in ethylene oxide is dependent upon four primary variables: proper time, gas concentration, temperature, and Correct Answer-Chamber humidity Which of the following is true about ethylene oxide sterilization Correct Answer-EO exposure is potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic to personnel and patients Which of the following is true about the use of peracetic acid on surgical items Correct Answer- Items must be immersible An integrator is a multiparameter indicator designed to measure which of the following parameters Correct Answer-Temperature, time, and presence of steam Which of the following are true about low temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization Correct Answer-Items can be stored for future use; No toxic residue is produced; The sterilant is bactericidal, viruicidal, and fungicidal; It can be used for items that are heat sensitive. Shelf life is related to Correct Answer-Exposure to external events; Type of packaging material used; Number of personnel who may have handled the package. Match the basic categories of surgical instrument with their uses Correct Answer-Graspers- To handle tissues and dressings. Retractors- To provide exposure of the operative site.
Which of the following best describes sterile technique Correct Answer-Implemented during surgical procedures to prevent microbial contamination Match the terms given below with their definitions. Correct Answer-1. Surgical conscience- Allows for no compromise in the principles of sterile technique
- Sterile- The absence of all living microorganisms.
- Sterile Technique- The use of specific actions and activities to prevent contamination and sterility of identified areas during operative or other invasive procedures. Recommendations for draping include Correct Answer--handling sterile drapes as little as possible
- cuffing the drape material over the gloved hands
- holding the drapes in a controlled manner Select the areas of the sterile gown that are considered sterile. Correct Answer-- Gown sleeves from two inches above the elbow to the cuff, circumferential.
- The front of the gown from the chest to the level of the sterile field. Select the statements below that are correct Correct Answer-closed assisted gloving should be used to glove team members during initial gowning and gloving; Once the scrubbed team member's hands pass through the cuff, the cuffs are considered contaminated; Scrubbed team members should wear two pairs of surgical gloves. In creating a sterile field, which of the following are recommended by AORN? Correct Answer- a. Cuff the drapes over your gloved hand to prevent contamination. c. Place drapes in sequence from the surgical site to peripheral areas. d. Place drapes on the patient and any furniture and equipment that will be in the sterile field. e. When placing drapes do not lean across unsterile areas.
What action below is the best course to take when a hair is found in an instrument tray on the back table? Correct Answer-c. The entire sterile field should be broken down and a sterile field reestablished. Which of the following practices are NOT examples of the recommendation that "A sterile field should be maintained and monitored constantly"? Correct Answer-A sterile field that has been set up for more than 1 hour before the procedures begins should be broken down and a new set up prepared. If a delay occurs after a sterile field is set up, the personnel may leave the room as long as the room as been secured. When transferring medication and solutions to the sterile field the perioperative nurse should Correct Answer-Avoid removing stoppers from vials. Discard unused, opened irrigation or IV solutions at the end of the procedures. Dispense the entire contents to the container slowly. Use a sterile transfer device. Accurate preoperative documentation of the patient admission is an integral part of the nursing process. This includes Correct Answer-Patient identification; Preoperative orders; Patient assessment. The primary purpose of documentation is to Correct Answer-Record the chronological order of events during the nursing are of a patient. When documenting the placement of a surgical drain, which of the following components should be included? Correct Answer-Where the drain was placed on the patient. Which of the following is true about the use of abbreviations in perioperative documentation? Correct Answer-They can put patients at risk for medication errors.
- Clean under the fingernails of both hands with the nail cleaner
- Scrub fingertips, nails, palm, and wrist to two inches above elbow
- Repeat the procedure for other hand
- Rinse hands and arms keeping the fingers pointed upward The purpose of performing a surgical hand scrub include Correct Answer-To reduce the resident microbial count to a minimum; To inhibit rapid rebound growth of microorganisms; To remove soil, debris, and transient microorganisms After the surgical hand scrub, the scrub person should keep the fingers pointed in which direction to allow water to drip off away from the attire? Correct Answer-Upwards What actions can the RN circulator take to assist the scrub personnel during gowning? Correct Answer-Touch only the ties, Velcro, or snaps to secure the back of the gown at the neck and the waist; Adjust the gown by grasping the bottom edge and pulling down to eliminate any blousing. Because skin is a major source of contamination in the surgical environment, which of the following statements is true? Correct Answer-Health care personnel who have cuts on their hands should not provide direct patient care You have just finished a surgical procedures and are removing your gown and gloves. Correct Answer-1. Pull the gown downward from the shoulders and off the arms.
- Fold the contaminated side of the gown to the inside, roll it up, and discard it.
- Remove and discard the gloves using a glove to glove and skin to skin technique.
- Wash hands with soap and water. Which of the following statements is true? Correct Answer-The open method is used for subsequent gloving; The open glove method is used while performing sterile procedures when a gown is not worn.
The surgical hand scrub controls resident microorganisms by Correct Answer-The chemical action of microbial agents used. Which of the following statements are true in relation to scrubbing for the first procedure of the day? Correct Answer-First, wash your hands under running water with soap. Use an approved antimicrobial scrub agent on wet hands and arms. Where should the scrub person's sterile gown be opened? Correct Answer-c. On a separate mayo stand Correct surgical attire for the restricted areas include: Correct Answer-b. Head covering that covers all hair d. Scrub top tucked into scrub pants and a warm-up jacket Which of the following practices is recommended when transferring a patient from the OR bed to a gurney? Correct Answer-Lock the wheels of the gurney and the OR bed before beginning the transfer Which of the following practices is recommended to reduce the patient's risk of intraoperative skin injury? Correct Answer-Protect sensitive areas of the skin with appropriate padding Which activities should the transport person complete before transferring a patient? Correct Answer-Identify the patient and the surgical procedure; Verbally confirm that the preoperative orders have been completed; Reconcile any medications the patient may have been taking preoperatively Mechanical issues and problems that can cause skin injury include: SATA Correct Answer-a. placing heavy objects on the pt c. dragging the pts body across the sheets d. improperly applying sequential compression stockings
Indicate latex precautions on door signs for every room that the patient occupies; Use latex free supplies for IVs, hair covering, and dressing materials; Verify that the surgeon is aware of the allergy. Which of the following would be an appropriate action for the perioperative nurse when assisting with anesthesia? Correct Answer-Apply cricoid pressure if needed during intubation Which of the following is NOT included in basic monitoring of the patient for anesthesia? Correct Answer-Arterial line Which drug is used to reverse valium and midazolam? Correct Answer-Flumazenil Which method is used to prevent aspiration during endotracheal intubation? Correct Answer- Applying cricoid pressure How can the perioperative nurs assist the anesthesia provider with placement of a spinal or epidural block? Correct Answer-Calm the patient During intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block), the tourniquet should be deflated slowly to prevent which of the following from entering the circulation? Correct Answer-Bolus of anesthetic What is the most consistent indicator of MH during a surgical intervention? Correct Answer- Unexplained increase in end tidal CO Depending on state laws and hospital policies, which of the following types of anesthesia can be performed without a professional anesthesia provider? Correct Answer-Moderate sedation Which assessment factor is important to include when screening patients for potential risk of MH? Correct Answer-Family history of problems related to anesthesia
Match medications Correct Answer-Antibiotics- controlling infection. Anticoagulants- Delays the coagulation of blood. Hemostatic agents- Assist in blood clotting. Cardiac agents- Test patency and integrity of a graft Anti inflammatory agents- Reduce post operative edema. By which route are antibiotics most commonly administered by the perioperative nurse during the intraoperative phase? Correct Answer-Irrigation solution The perioperative nurse's role in preparing and administering medications includes Correct Answer-Assessing the patient's medication allergies and use of herbal or dietary supplements; Verifying the administration of the correct medication, dose, and route; Checking expiration date of medication Identify the true statements from those given Correct Answer-Radiographic dyes are a risk to patients allergic to iodine and shellfish; Radiographic dyes are instilled directly into an organ or duct with a catheter or tube; Miotic agents are used to reduce intraocular pressure. In addition to hyponatremia, which of the following conditions can be a result of improper fluid management? Correct Answer-b. Hypervolemia During the medication administration phase of the medication use process, nursing assessment should include which of the following factors? Correct Answer-Current medications, including herbal; Medication allergies; Patient weight in pounds and kilograms What are the most common roles of the perioperative nurse in preparing medications and solutions? Correct Answer-Preparing medications and solutions per the physiciansrpeference card;
