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Literary Devices and Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of English Language

Dallas Baptist University (DBU)English Language

A comprehensive list of literary devices and techniques used in literature, including ambivalence, anachronism, anadiplosis, anaphora, annotation, antagonist, apostrophe, archaism, archetype, aside, atmosphere, ballad, blank verse, cacophony, cinquain, conceit, connotation, consonance, couplet, denotation, denouement, dialect, didactic, digression, dramatic irony, ellipsis, enjambment, ennui, epic, epigraph, epiphany, euphemism, euphony, exposition, extended metaphor, farce, flashback, flat character, foil, foot, foreshadowing, free verse, genre, heroic couplet, hubris, hyperbole, ideology, iamb, iambic pentameter, imagery, irony, literal, lyric verse, malapropism, metaphysical, metaphor, meter, motif, octave, ode, onomatopoeia, parallelism, parody, pathos, pentameter, persona, personification, protagonist, pun, quatrain, refrain, rhetorical question, romanticism, round character, situational irony, stream of consciousness, style, theme, thesis, third person omniscient, tone. (1000 cha

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 05/08/2024

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AP Lit Literary Terms 2024 Exam
Preparations
1. Accent - Answer>> A way of
pronouncing words that indicates the place
of origin or social background of the
speaker.
2. Allegory - Answer>> a narrative that
serves as an extended metaphor.Main
purpose is to tell a story that has characters,
a setting, as well as other types of symbols,
that have literal and figurative meanings, an
extended narrative in prose or verse in
which characters, events, and settings
represent abstract qualities and in which the
writer intends a second meaning to be read
beneath the surface of the story; the
underlying meaning may be moral, religious,
political, social, or satiric. Examples: John
Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (Temptations of
Christians) , Orwell's Animal Farm (Russian
Revolution), and Arthur Miller's Crucible
("Red Scare")
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AP Lit Literary Terms 2024 Exam

Preparations

  1. Accent - Answer>> A way of pronouncing words that indicates the place of origin or social background of the speaker.
  2. Allegory - Answer>> a narrative that serves as an extended metaphor.Main purpose is to tell a story that has characters, a setting, as well as other types of symbols, that have literal and figurative meanings, an extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface of the story; the underlying meaning may be moral, religious, political, social, or satiric. Examples: John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (Temptations of Christians) , Orwell's Animal Farm (Russian Revolution), and Arthur Miller's Crucible ("Red Scare")
  1. alliteration - Answer>> the repetition of the same consonant, or beginning several words with the same vowel sound
  2. allusion - Answer>> a reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature.
  3. ambiguity - Answer>> a technique by which a writer deliberately suggests two or more different, and sometimes conflicting, meanings in a work.
  4. ambivalence - Answer>> the simultaneous existence of conflicting feelings or thoughts, such as love and hate, about a person, an object, or an idea; uncertainty or indecisiveness as to what course to follow; fluctuation
  5. anachronism - Answer>> something out of its proper historical time; error of putting something in the wrong historical time

tone from the lofty or serious to the petty or ridiculous.

  1. antithesis - Answer>> A statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced. Words, phrases, clauses, or sentences set in deliberate contrast to one another. A species of parallelism, antithesis balances opposing ideas, feelings, tones, or structures, giving crisp expression to their pairing and heightening its effect.
  2. aphorism - Answer>> a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life. Examples: "Early bird gets the worm." "What goes around, comes around.." "People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones."
  3. apostrophe - Answer>> Addressing something nonhuman as if it were human
  4. archaism - Answer>> the use of deliberately old-fashioned language
  1. archetype - Answer>> An original model or type after which other similar things are patterned; a prototype
  2. aside - Answer>> a short speech, delivered to the audience or to another character, that others onstage are not supposed to hear.
  3. assonance - Answer>> Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity
  4. asyndeton - Answer>> When the conjunctions (such as "and" or "but") that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence
  5. atmosphere - Answer>> The emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene
  6. ballad - Answer>> Any popular narrative poem, often with epic subject and usually in lyric form.

self or welcome relief from anxiety, tension, etc.

  1. characterization - Answer>> the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character
  2. chiasmus - Answer>> A figure of speech that reverses the order of words in phrases that would otherwise be structured the same. (e.g. Heaven is too great of humanity; humanity is too great for heaven)
  3. cinquain - Answer>> a short poem consisting of five, usually unrhymed lines containing, respectively, two, four, six, eight, and two syllables.
  4. climax - Answer>> Most exciting moment of the story; turning point
  5. colloquial - Answer>> conversational; informal in language
  1. comic relief - Answer>> A humorous scene or speech intended to lighten the mood.
  2. conceit - Answer>> a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects
  3. connotation - Answer>> what a word suggests beyond its surface definition
  4. consonance - Answer>> repetition of consonant sounds within words
  5. couplet - Answer>> two lines of verse that form a unit alone or as part of a poem, especially two that rhyme and have the same meter
  6. denotation - Answer>> the exact/literal meaning of a word, as found in the dictionary

necessary but can be deduced for the context ("Some people prefer cats; others, dogs.")

  1. enjambment - Answer>> describes a line of poetry in which the sense and grammatical construction continues on to the next line
  2. ennui - Answer>> a feeling of utter weariness and discontent resulting from satiety or lack of interest; boredom
  3. epic - Answer>> a long narrative poem written in elevated style which present the adventures of characters of high position and episodes that are important to the history of a race or nation
  4. epigraph - Answer>> The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme.
  5. epiphany - Answer>> a moment of sudden revelation or insight
  1. euphemism - Answer>> a mild, indirect, or vague term substituting for a harsh, blunt, or offensive term
  2. euphony - Answer>> a succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony
  3. exposition - Answer>> the immediate revelation to the audience of the setting and other background information necessary for understanding the plot; also, explanation; one of the four modes of discourse
  4. extended metaphor - Answer>> A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.
  5. farce - Answer>> ridiculous, light comedy; slapstick comedy; absurd thing; mockery
  1. genre - Answer>> type or category of literary work (e.g., poetry, essay, short story, novel, drama)
  2. grotesque - Answer>> fantastic; comically hideous; strange and unnatural (causing fear or amusement)
  3. hamartia - Answer>> In tragedy, the event or act that leads to the hero's or heroine's downfall
  4. heroic couplet - Answer>> two lines of rhyming iambic pentameter
  5. hubris - Answer>> excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy
  6. hyperbole - Answer>> extreme exaggeration
  7. ideology - Answer>> a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society
  1. iamb - Answer>> a poetic foot consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
  2. iambic pentameter - Answer>> a line of poetry that contains five iambs (units which consist of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, as in the word, arise). (Shakespeare)
  3. internal rhyme - Answer>> A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line
  4. imagery - Answer>> description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
  5. irony - Answer>> the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; or, incongruity between what is expected and what actually happens

using the name of something that is associated with it

  1. monologue - Answer>> a speech given by one character
  2. mood - Answer>> the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage
  3. moral - Answer>> a lesson taught by a literary work
  4. motif - Answer>> a principal idea, feature, theme, or element; a repeated or dominant figure in a design
  5. octave - Answer>> An eight-line stanza. Most commonly, octave refers to the first division of an Italian sonnet.
  6. ode - Answer>> a long, lyrical poem, usually serious or meditative in nature
  7. onomatopoeia - Answer>> the formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by

imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent.

  1. oxymoron - Answer>> a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in "cruel kindness" or "to make haste slowly."
  2. paradox - Answer>> a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
  3. parallelism - Answer>> the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structure
  4. parody - Answer>> a humorous imitation of a serious work
  5. pathos - Answer>> quality in drama, speech, literature, music, or events that arouses a feeling of pity or sadness
  1. quatrain - Answer>> a stanza or poem of four lines, usually with alternate rhymes.
  2. realism - Answer>> literature that attempts to represent life as it really is
  3. refrain - Answer>> a regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song
  4. rhetoric - Answer>> the art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner
  5. rhetorical question - Answer>> a question asked for an effect, not actually requiring an answer
  6. romanticism - Answer>> a literary movement with an emphasis on the imagination and emotions
  7. round character - Answer>> A character who demonstrates some

complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work

  1. sarcasm - Answer>> sneering and often ironic language intended to hurt a person's feelings
  2. satire - Answer>> language or writing that exposes follies or abuses by holding them up to ridicule
  3. sestet - Answer>> a six-line stanza. Most commonly, sestet refers to the second division of an Italian sonnet.
  4. setting - Answer>> The time and place of a story
  5. simile - Answer>> comparison using like or as
  6. situational irony - Answer>> a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected.