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APEA 3P FINAL PREP EXAM| 2025 - 2026 |FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|RATED A+
When examining the eyes, the right pupil reacts briskly to light, near effort, and is much smaller than theleft pupil. This condition is most likely: Horner's syndrome Dilated pupil is fixed to light and near accommodation Paralysis of oculomotor cranial nerve (CN III) Pupil appears small and irregular shaped and accommodate but do not react to light. Argyll Robertson pupils uncontrolled electrical activity in brain, may produce minor physical signs, thought disturbances ordisturbed motor activity or combination of symptoms. Seizure neurological disorder, causes involuntary muscle spasms & twisting of limbs. Dystonia impaired ability to adjust to one's body position. Bradykinesia The great saphenous vein enters the deep venous system via:Femoral vein Maneuver the evaluates function of medial collateral ligament (MCL)The Abduction (Valgus) stress test The thalamus and basal ganglion are located in the:
Gray matter brief, repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movement occurring at irregular intervals (repetitive winking,grimacing and shoulder shrugging) Facial tics columnar epithelium that covers most or all of cervix vaginal adenosis, circular collar or ridge of tissuebetween cervix & vagina. Daughters of women who took Diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy are at high risk for developing: Group of muscles that lie anteriorly and flex the thigh Flexor group The anterior mediastinal lymph nodes drain lymphatic fluid from the: Thymus, thyroid gland & anterior part of pericardium Axillary lymph node drainage are includes: The breasts, upper part of the abdominal wall, upper part of back, pectoral region & upper limbs Possible causes of nasal septum perforation: trauma, surgery & intranasal use of cocaine or amphetamines. thickened skin with enlarged pores. First seen in lower portion of breast or areola. Visible sign of breastcancer. the peau d'orange (orange peel) sign provides sensation to palm, palmar surface of most of thumb, second & third fingers & half of 4th digit.Median Nerve Innervates half of 4th digit & 5th digit Ulnar Nerve innervates dorsal web space of thumb & index fingerRadial Nerve Have intervening layers of fibrous tissue or cartilage holding bones together (sutures of skull)Fibrous joints Joints have bones connected by cartilage. (hyaline or fibrocartilage).slightly movable. Cartilaginous joints
Overflow incontinence In older adults, presence of S4 heart sound suggests: Hypertension Inability to produce or understand language Aphasia point tenderness over posterior aspects of right malleolus, inability to bear weight after 4 stepsAnkle fracture An ulcerated or raised red vulvar lesion in elderly woman may indicateVulvar cancer presence of primitive reflexes, delayed gross motor development, lack of progression through developmental milestones. Manifestation of cerebral palsy Group of muscles that pulls the shoulder backward Axioscapular group When inspecting the shoulder & shoulder girdle, an elevation of right shoulder was noted. This findingcould be: Scoliosis Which are of nervous system coordinates position sense? Sensory system System consists of neurons that carry signals to skeletal muscles (muscle strength) Motor system coordinates movement, maintains equilibrium, and helps maintain posture Cerebellar system System responsible for balance & coordinating eye, head & body movements Vestibular system To palpate the trochanteric bursa, position the patient:on one side, hip flexed & internally rotated
Pre-auricular nodes drain lymphatic fluid from the: Palpebral conjunctiva, skin adjacent to the ear within temporal region. Deep tendon reflex abnormality in supinator & biceps correlated to lesion in which segmented level ofspine? Cervical 5 & 6 Deep tendon reflex abnormality in ankle correlated to lesion in which segmented level of spine?Sacral 1 Deep tendon reflex abnormality in patella correlated to lesion in which segmented level of spine?Lumbar 2, 3 & 4 Deep tendon reflex abnormality in triceps correlated to lesion in which segmented level of spine?Cervical 6 & 7 Pain from pleurisy may be referred to the: Epigastric area a nodule or cyst, painless, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous glandChalazion (stye) red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid marginHordeolum Apical pulse in 13 - month-old is auscultated: Between 3rd & 4th intercostal space left of midclavicular line Adnexal tenderness or masses identified early in gestation could be consistent with: An ectopic pregnancy decreased sensitivity to pain Hypalgesia Lymph nodes that drain lymphatic fluid from posterior chest wall & portion of upper arms.Subscapular nodea Which genital infection can cause cervicitis, PID, tubal factor infertility & ectopic pregnancy in women ifuntreated Chlamydia
A mental health condition characterized by over-the-top behavior like mental outbursts, noisy display oftemper, compulsive attention seeking & self-centered actions is: Histrionic personality disorder Breath sounds heard on chest over the hilar region are: Bronchovesicular Breath sounds heard over periphery of the lung field are: vesicular breath sounds In an adult patient, auscultate sounds from mitral valve: Near apex of the heart between 5th & 6th intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line Nerve in the arm located in ventral forearm, medial to the brachial artery in the antecubital fossaMedian Nerve Nerve runs posteriorly in the ulnar groove between the medial epicondyle & olecranon processUlnar Nerve originates in axilla, travels down the arm in a shallow depression (radial groove) on surface of humerus.Radial Nerve Type of aphasia where articulation is good but sentences lack meaningWernicke's aphasia Type of aphasia where speech is confluent, slow with few words & laborious effort.Broca's aphasia (expressive aphasia) A multifactorial geriatric condition or syndrome characterized by an age-related lack of adaptivephysiological capacity without identifiable illness. Frailty "canker sores"; small, painful, round or oval ulcers in the oral mucosa. White, yellowish gray in color &surrounded by halo of reddened mucosa. Aphthous ulcers On ophthalmoscopic exam, thin grayish white arc on lower end of the cornea. Corneal arcus Screening test to detect sensorineural and conductive hearing lossWeber Test
Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a result of increasedvascular congestion. Chadwick's sign A loud murmur with a thrill audible in right 2nd intercostal space, radiates to carotid arteries. Crescendo- decrescendo pitch audible at the apex. Murmur heard best when sitting & leaning forward. Aortic Stenosis The greater tubercle of the humerus is located Lateral to the head of the humerus A defect in the gastrocnemus & soleus muscle with tenderness & swelling could be suggestive of:A ruptured Achilles tendon Involentary movements of the body that are slower & more twisting & writhing with larger amplitudethan choreiform movements. Involve face & distal extremities. Athetoid movements During auscultation of abdomen, rushes of high-pitched sounds audible & coincide with abdominalcramps are consistent with: Intestinal obstruction The ankle-brachial index is a screening test used to assess risk for: Peripheral artery disease Posterior auricular lymph nodes are located: Superficial to the mastoid process Tonsillar lymph nodes are located: At the angle of the mandible Dizziness, lightheadedness, hiccoughs, sudden changes in heart rate, electric shock feeling in chestSymptoms of internal pacemaker failure intermittent claudication, ischemia muscle pain precipitated by predictable amount of exercise & relieved by rest, pale cool skin, cyanosis, audible bruits, diminished or absent pulses & thickened & opaque nails. Symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD) Area to auscultate the mitral valve Near the apex of the heart between the 5th & 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line
unexplained fever for 5 days along with 4 out of 5 of the following symptoms: bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, edema of the hands &/or feet, strawberrytongue & macular rash. Kawasaki disease fever, lethargy, petechiae, neurological involvement, Janeway lesions & Osler's nodes are symptoms of:Endocarditis A murmur arising from physiologic changes in body metabolism, temporary & resolves when conditionresolves (hyperthyroidism, fever, pregnancy) Physiologic murmur abnormal heart sounds caused by a heart defect or acquired damage Pathologic murmur These lymph nodes drain the superficial portions of lower abdomen & buttock, external genitalia (excepttestes), anal canal & perianal area & lower vagina The horizontal superficial inguinal lymph nodes a disparity of pulses between the brachial & femoral pulses in a 4-month old could indicate: coarctation of the aorta (CoA) The superior and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes drain fluid from the: small and large intestines inflammation of proximal & lateral nail folds (red. swollen, tender) Paronychia A raised, crusted border with central ulceration on the lesion is most likely: squamous cell carcinoma Transverse depressions of nail plates, usually bilateral resulting from temporary disruption of proximalnail growth from systemic illness are termed: Beu's lines Nail plate turning white with ground-glass appearance, distal band of reddish brown & obliteration oflunula is termed: Terry's nails A fiery red, slightly raised lesion surrounded by erythema & radiatic legs that blanch with pressure
Spider angioma bright or ruby red, increase in size & number with ageCherry angioma A common superficial fungal infection of skin causing hypo or hyperpigmented, slightly scaly macules onthe trunk, neck Tinea versicolor small, flat warts located in the superficial surfaces of the skin are called: Verruca plana Which model is used to designate risk factors for melanoma? HARMM A white discoloration appearing on the nails is called: Leukonychia Granuloma annulare, acanthosis nigricans and candidiasis may be seen in patients who have:Diabetes Pallor, xerosis, pruritus, hyperpigmentation, uremic frost, calciphylaxis, "half & half" nails are skinconditions found in patients with Chronic renal disease Bright red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales noted in diaper areaCandidal diaper rash A skin lesion that has a smooth, slightly scaly or pebbly surface with irregular edge, larger than 5mmwide & mixture of pink to dark brown colors. Dysplastic nevus Small, white spots (often on reddened background) on side of cheeks early in course of red measles,rubeola. Koplik spots Burn that's moist areas that are red to ivory white in color, blistering forming almost immediately, painfulto touch. Superficial partial thickness burn erythematous burn without blisters, usually with local pain
the affected pupil reacts briskly to light & near effort but the pupil is smallHorner's Syndrome The curved outer ridge of the auricle of the ear is known as the: Helix small, nontender erythematous nodules of the palms & soles are: Janeway lesions Ophthalmoscopic exam of retina reveals AV banking. This appears as if the:Vein is twisted on the distal side of the artery In the outer ear, anterior & parallel to the helix is a curved prominence (part of the auricle) known asthe: antihelix Part of the ear, mainly cartilage covered by skin. Has firm, elastic consistency.Auricle The nasolacrimal duct drains into the: Interior meatus of the nose Most of the paranasal sinuses drain into the: middle meatus Abrupt bilateral (or unilateral) with bulbar conjunctival injection, watery discharge from eyes, subconjunctival hemorrhage, eyelid ecchymosis is consistent with: Adenoviral conjunctivitis Episodic vertical, fullness or pressure in ear with fluctuating tinnitus is consistent with:Meniere's diease Exam of fundus shows small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots embedded in the retina called:Deep retinal hemorrhages Exam of fundus shows small, linear, flam-shaped, red streaks, seen in HTN, papilledema & occlusion ofretinal vein. Superficial retinal hemorrhages Ossicles located in the middle ear consist of:
the incus, malleus & stapes Inflammation of the eyelid margin, glands & lash follicles. Presents with red-rimmed eyes, irritation,burning, itching of eyelid margin & mucous discharge with crusting & scaling of lid margins: Bepharitis Moderate aching deep within eye, small, irregular pupils, decreased vision & photophobia. Clear or cloudycornea with injection confined to corneal limbus is consistent with: Acute iritis a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size Anisocoria Severe, deep eye pain. Dilated & fixed pupil, cloudy cornea with no discharge:Acute angle closure glaucoma On ophthalmoscopic exam, dark specks or strands between the fundus & lens. Vitreous floaters Patient presents with earache, blood tinged discharge from ear & hearing loss. Findings reveal painfulhemorrhagic vesicles on tympanic membrane & ear canal. This is suggestive of: Bullous myringitis inflammation of the lacrimal sac. Presents as painful, red & tender area around eye near nose & lowereyelid. Dacrocystitis Lesions appear in retina or visual pathway of certain area of field of vision indicate:Scotomas Ophthalmoscopic exam showing vein "winds" down on either side fo the artery indicating:AV tapering Slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaque appearing on nasal area on one or both eyelids isconsistent with: Xanthelasma What are the 5 medical reasons for appearance of strawberry tongue Kawasaki disease, scarlet fever, folic acid & vit B12 deficiencies, bacterial toxic shock syndrome &geographic tongue
Condition of sclera when the vessels appear movable over the scleral surface is termedEpiscleritis Flashing lights or new vitreous floaters suggests: detachment of vitreous from the retina Complaints of itching in the ear, increase in pain when pinna is pulled or tragus is palpated with slightredness in the ear canal with clear odorless fluid: otitis externa When performing a rectal exam, a purulent blood discharge mixed with fecal matter is oozing from therectum. This is consistent with a: Anorectal fistula When performing a rectal exam, a tender, purulent, reddened mass palpated, consider:an anal abscess An enlarged liver with smooth, tender edge suggests: Inflammation, as in hepatitis or venous congestion (right-sided HF) An enlarged liver with firm, non-tender edge suggests: Cirrhosis, hemochromatosis or lymphoma Pain of duodenal or pancreatic origin may be referred to the: Back A patient presenting with generalized abdominal pain, flexion of the leg at the hip causes an increase inabdominal pain suggests a positive: psoas sign (inflamed appendix) Pain in the right lower quadrant during left-sided pressure indicates:A positive Rovsing's sign (appendicitis) Flexion of the leg at hip causes an increase in abdominal pain suggests:A positive psoas sign When performing a rectal exam, if the anal sphincter presents with laxity, consider:A neurologic disease (S2- 4 cord lesion) S/S associated with diabetic gastroparesis include: vomiting undigested food, weight loss, erratic glucose levels & gastroesophageal reflux
Traveling internationally to endemic areas, eating food or drinking contaminated water, male-malepartners & persons with chronic liver disease are risk factors for: Hepatitis A Dyspepsia, frequent belching with sour taste, chest pain after eating or lying down, straining or lifting,increased salivation & history of high stress levels are symptoms of: Gastroesophageal reflux having multiple sex partners, body piercings wit unclean equipment, being incarcerated, sharing needles,exposure to needle sticks or an infected mother to baby during childbirth are risk factors for: Hepatitis B A patient complaints of severe epigastric pain that radiates to the posterior trunk & entire abdomen. Thissuggests: Acute pancreatitis Jaundice, spider angiomas, palmar erythema, Terry's nails, pruritus, purpura & caput medusae are skinconditions associated with: Liver disease A small midline protrusion in the linea alba is consistent with: Epigastric hernia A 9 - month old presents with poor appetite, 2 episodes of vomiting, 3 blood stools w/ mucus & kneedrawn to abdomen with screaming. These are clinical manifestations of: Intussusception An enlarged liver with a firm, nontender edge may be suggestive of: cirrhosis A positive obturator sign would elicit pain in the: Right hypogastric area When examining the buttocks & rectum, a small tuft of hair surrounded by a halo of erythema at thesacral area would most likely be: A pilonidal cyst Dilated periumbilical collateral veins in the mid and upper abdomen are associated with:Hepatic cirrhosis
Testicular torsion Cryptorchidism is a risk factor for: Testicular cancer When examining the prostate gland the examiner should inform the patient that this procedure may:Prompt an urge to urinate What is an elevated, firm & circumscribed lesion that is 5mm or smaller?Papule When the scrotum is transilluminated in a 4 month old boy, it lights up brightly. This findings is consistentwith: a hydrocele A plaque with positive Auspitz sign (pinpoint bleeding when lesions scraped) would be consistent with:Psoriasis Term for whitening of pupil Leukocoria What are Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange?Five Major Steps to Intervention (5 As) Acute, abrupt-onset confusional state characterized by disorientation, disturbed perception, emotionaldisturbance, attention & concentration Delirium Extreme anxiety about physical symptoms (pain, fatigue) that causes intense thought & behaviors thatinterfere with daily life is classified as: Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) Medication that produces a sensitivity to alcohol that results in highly unpleasant reaction (nausea,vomiting) Disulfram (Antabuse) A multifactoral geriatric condition or syndrome characterized by an age-related lack of adaptive physiological capacity occurring in the absence of identifiable illness is known as frailty
A health condition in which the normal function of a part of the body is less than full capacity, interferingwith managing day-to-day tasks. Functional impairment A mental health condition characterized by over-the-top behavior, emotional outbursts, noisy displays oftemper, compulsive attention seeking & self-centered actions: Histrionic personality disorder Mental health condition characterized by habitual & pervasive disregard or violation of rights & considerations of other without remorse: Antisocial personality disorder Mental health condition with pervasive pattern of instability with interpersonal relationships, self-imageand affect & marked impulsivity: Borderline personality disorder A sign defined as calluses on the knuckles or back of hand due to repeated self-induced vomitingRussell's sign Assessment findings of Russell's sign are indicative of: Bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Loss of lean body mass and strength with aging is called: Sarcopenia a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm. > 2cm, easilytransilluminated, freely palpable. Spermatocele enlarged veins of the spermatic cord in scrotumVaricocele collection of serous peritoneal fluid within the scrotum. Hydrocele the cervix and vagina are outside the introitusthird degree uterine prolapse cervix is still within vagina - weak pelvic floor structuresfirst degree uterine prolapse
