Download APEA Predictor Exam: Medical Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
APEA Predictor Exam QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!
What is the biggest side effect of colchicine? - CORRECT ANSWER -diarrhea
How would you describe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum? - CORRECT
ANSWER -papules that are umbilicated and contain a caseous plug
How do we treat a broken clavicle in an infant? - CORRECT ANSWER -no
treatment; it should heal on it's own At what week of pregnancy is the uterus palpable just above the pubic symphysis? -
CORRECT ANSWER -week 12
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus palpable halfway between the pubic
symphysis and umbilicus? - CORRECT ANSWER -week 16
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus at the umbilicus? -
CORRECT ANSWER -week 20
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus halfway between the xiphoid
process and umbilicus? - CORRECT ANSWER -week 28
At what week of pregnancy is the fundus just below the xiphoid process? -
CORRECT ANSWER -week 34
Increased sweat production is a sign of what endocrine disorder? - CORRECT
ANSWER -hyperthyroidism
What is Paget's disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -there is localized increased
bone turnover and blood flow resulting in the breakdown of bone and replacing it with weakened and highly vascular bone putting the indiv at increased risk of fractures
How do we treat Paget's diseease? - CORRECT ANSWER -bisphosphonates
How should pregnant women wear their seatbelt? - CORRECT ANSWER -with
the shoulder strap like a normal person and then the groin strap below the belly and across the hips
What is another name for fifth disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -parvovirus aka
slapped cheek disease aka erythema infectiosum
Which type of prevention are vaccinations? - CORRECT ANSWER -primary
When should patients begin antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER -as soon as it is detected, even if in the acute phase
What are the first generation antihistamines? - CORRECT ANSWER -
diphenhydramine (benadryl) and chlorpeniramine (actifed)
What are s/s of the secondary stage of syphilis? - CORRECT ANSWER -rash on
hands and feet, lymphadenopathy, fever
What is the recommended treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis? - CORRECT
ANSWER -a fluoroquinolone (cipro or levo) + bactrim
What is the recommended treatment for acute prostatitis? - CORRECT
ANSWER -cipro (if not STI related) or ceftriaxone
What are s/s of an intraductal breast papilloma? - CORRECT ANSWER -clear to
bloody unilateral nipple discharge (bilateral is usually benign), and also a wart like lump palpated in the nipple area If a patient has GABHS but has an allergy to penicillins, what is the second line option?
- CORRECT ANSWER -first generation cephalosporins, unless the allergy is severe, then you would consider macrolides like a -mycin PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) are contraindicated in which patient populations? -
CORRECT ANSWER -in those who are on any type of nitrate or triptan because
it could result in hypotension
What class of drug is sildenafil (viagra)? - CORRECT ANSWER -a PDE
inhibitor which can cause hypotension so you should do a full cardiac assessment before starting a patient on this and maybe do an EKG
What are the symptoms of peripheral artery disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -
think P meaning pain, A meaning absent or weak pulses, eschar or shiny legs, intermittent claudication
What do we need to do first when a patient comes in with secondary amenorrhea? -
CORRECT ANSWER -rule out pregnancy
Anorexia can put you at risk for what? - CORRECT ANSWER -osteoporosis,
amenorrhea, cardiac damage
Amenorrhea is considered a risk factor for what? - CORRECT ANSWER -
osteoporosis What is the best indication of an anorexic patient doing better? They tell you they are
eating more, they have weight gain, or they get their period back? - CORRECT
ANSWER -they get their period back
If a pregnant woman has syphilis, what should we do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
treat it with penicillin while she is pregnant because there is risk for spontaneous abortion
What is the causative organism of mastitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -staph
What is the first line treatment for mastitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -keflex (a
cephalosporin). If that doesn't work, then try another antibiotic. If that STILL doesn't work, then refer for an ultrasound
What is one of the biggest risk factors for cervical cancer? - CORRECT
ANSWER -numerous sexual partners
Preeclampsia most commonly shows up at what time in pregnancy? - CORRECT
ANSWER -around week 20
How do we treat UTIs in a pregnant woman? - CORRECT ANSWER -can either
do penicillin, cephalosporin, or a macrolide (can NOT do doxy or a fluoroquinolone) When do fibrocystic breasts tend to flare up and cause tenderness and lumps? -
CORRECT ANSWER -about 10 days before menses
What can be a sequelae of an ectopic pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -pelvic
inflammatory disease and infertility due to scarring of the fallopian tube (salpingitis)
What is the Coomb's test and when is this completed? - CORRECT ANSWER -
test given 8 weeks in to pregnancy to determine a woman's RH compatibility
If a patient's Coomb's test is positive, what do we do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
nothing, she is RH positive so we do not need to treat
If a patient's Coomb's test is negative, what do we do? - CORRECT ANSWER -
give rhogam at 28 weeks and 72 hours after birth What is the only form of non-hormonal contraception other than barrier methods such
as condoms? - CORRECT ANSWER -IUD
The vaginal ring for contraception must be taken out how often? - CORRECT
ANSWER -every 3 weeks
If a patient is on birth control and is currently having breakthrough bleeding, then what
do we do? - CORRECT ANSWER -increase the progesterone
How do we treat temporal arteritis? - CORRECT ANSWER -steroids
If a patient is on birth control and they miss one pill, what should they do? -
CORRECT ANSWER -double up
If a patient is on birth control and they miss two pills, what should they do? -
CORRECT ANSWER -double up for 2 days
If any woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding between periods (esp if she is
postmenopausal), what should you do? - CORRECT ANSWER -do a pregnancy
test and then refer for endometrial biopsy to rule out endometrial cancer In terms of the breasts, _____________ is used for screening and _____________ is
used for diagnosis. - CORRECT ANSWER -mammogram; ultrasound
When do we screen for group B strep in pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -
weeks 35-
When do we perform alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy? - CORRECT
ANSWER -15-20 weeks
Alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy can help determine the presence of what in
pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -spina bifida and anencephaly
What is placenta previa? - CORRECT ANSWER -when the placenta blocks the
cervical opening of the uterus
SCFE is most common in which patient population? - CORRECT ANSWER -
adolescents
What is legg-calve-perthe disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -avascular necrosis
of the femoral head due to a lack of blood supply Legg-calve-perthes disease is most common in which patient population? -
CORRECT ANSWER -young children
What is the radiographic study of choice for the knee? - CORRECT ANSWER -
MRI
What is the radiographic study of choice for the back? - CORRECT ANSWER -x
ray
What is bursitis? - CORRECT ANSWER -a fluid collection in the bursa of a joint
How is bursitis treated? - CORRECT ANSWER -a needle to instill intraarticular
steroids and then pull off fluid
Bursitis can be a __________ issue - CORRECT ANSWER -recurrent
The medical term for knock knees - CORRECT ANSWER -genu valgum
The medical term for bow legs - CORRECT ANSWER -genu varum
What is myasthenia gravis? - CORRECT ANSWER -an autoimmune disorder
that causes muscle weakness of the voluntary muscles
Genu valgum is caused by a problem with what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the
medial collateral ligament; think valgum as in gum makes your knees stick together
Genu varum is caused by a problem with what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the
lateral collateral ligament
What are shin splints? - CORRECT ANSWER -a medial tibial syndrome caused
by overuse of the muscles
How do we treat shin splints? - CORRECT ANSWER -rest and avoidance of
exercise until the pain resolves
What is the tell-tale difference between a herniated disc and sciatica? - CORRECT
ANSWER -sciatica feels better when you stand, a herniated disc feels better when
you sit down
When will spinal or lumbar stenosis feel better? - CORRECT ANSWER -when
the patient sits down
What is Korsakoff syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER -a deficiency in thiamine
and folate caused by alcoholism
What changes to the vagina occur with aging? - CORRECT ANSWER -dryness,
loss of rugae, less pubic hair
What is a navicular fracture? - CORRECT ANSWER -also known as a scaphoid
fracture; this impacts the snuff box and causes tenderness there. This will have to be casted to stabilize the fracture Heberden and bouchard's nodes are indicative of what disease process? What about
swan neck deformities? - CORRECT ANSWER -osteoarthritis; rheumatoid
arthritis
What is Morton's neuroma? - CORRECT ANSWER -a mass between the 3rd and
4th toes that feels like a pebble; most common in women who wear high heels or tight shoes
How is Morton's neuroma diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER -via a positive
Muddler's or squeeze test causing pain
What is the hook test? - CORRECT ANSWER -used to assess for a bicep tendon
issue
How do we treat any rotator cuff injuries? - CORRECT ANSWER -wear a sling to
stabilize the arm and refer to ortho
How long do migraine headaches last? - CORRECT ANSWER -4-72 hours
How can we abort cluster headaches? - CORRECT ANSWER -calcium or 100%
oxygen application
How do we treat developmental hip dysplasia in a child under 6 months? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Pavlik harness; if older than 6 months may need surgery
It is recommended that all children younger than __________ with sickle cell anemia
take daily prophylactic antibiotics. What antibiotic is this? - CORRECT
ANSWER -5 years old; penicillin
When can cervical cancer screening stop if no abnormal screening history is present? -
CORRECT ANSWER -age 65
When should breast cancer screening begin and end with a biannual mammogram? -
CORRECT ANSWER -age 50-
When should colorectal cancer screening stop? - CORRECT ANSWER -age 85
Who qualifies for a low dose CT scan for lung cancer screening purposes? -
CORRECT ANSWER -age 50-80 years anyone who currently smokes or has
stopped smoking within the last 5 years What does an ASC-US (atypical squamos cells of undetermined significance) pap
smear result necessitate? - CORRECT ANSWER -Do HPV testing with this. If
positive, repeat in one year if age 21-24 or send for colposcopy if older than 25. If negative, repeat pap in 3 years.
Which pap smear result is considered to be HPV positive? - CORRECT
ANSWER -LSIL
If a patient has LSIL with a negative HPV test, what would you do? - CORRECT
ANSWER -repeat in 1 year
If a patient has LSIL with no HPV test or a positive HPV test, what should you do? -
CORRECT ANSWER -refer for colposcopy
If a patient's pap results show NILM, what should you do? - CORRECT
ANSWER -repeat in 3 years
If a patient's pap results show ASC-H or HSIL what should you do? - CORRECT
ANSWER -refer for colposcopy
The valgus stress test assesses what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the medial
collateral ligament
The varus stress test assesses what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the lateral
collateral ligament
The Lachman's test assesses what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the ACL
The McMurray's test assesses for what? - CORRECT ANSWER -a torn
meniscus
The anterior drawer test assesses what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the acl
The posterior drawer test assesses what? - CORRECT ANSWER -the posterior
cruciate ligament (pcl) a normal rise in blood sugar as a person's body prepares to wake up due to a release of
cortisol and growth hormone - CORRECT ANSWER -dawn phenomenon
How can you tell between the dawn and somogyi effect? - CORRECT
ANSWER -If the blood sugar level is low at 2 a.m. to 3 a.m., suspect the Somogyi
effect. If the blood sugar level is normal or high at 2 a.m. to 3 a.m., it's likely the dawn phenomenon.
