Download APEA QBank AANP Review 2024 with Complete Solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
APEA QBank AANP Review 2024 with Complete
Solutions
Gestational diabetes screening occurs between what weeks gestation? - ANSWER- 24- 48 When you ask the patient to take a deep breath in and then palpate over the RUQ abdomen. Positive when pain is elicited. This is a sign of. - ANSWER- Murphy's sign; cholecystitis What are names of LABA medications? - ANSWER-salmeterol What is encopresis in children? - ANSWER-stool incontinence after the age of being toilet trained The medical term for being cross-eyed - ANSWER-strabismus What is atopic dermatitis? - ANSWER-eczema Tests used to diagnose developmental hip dysplasia - ANSWER-Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers What is the female athlete triad? - ANSWER-disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis How do patients with aortic regurgitation typically present? - ANSWER-they will have a long asymptomatic period followed by exercise intolerance, then dyspnea at rest. The left ventricle eventually fails unless the aortic valve is replaced. What does the rash of fifth disease (a viral exanthem) look like? - ANSWER- maculopapular rash that blanches easily and may be accompanied by joint aches What cardiac abnormalities are expected to be heard on auscultation of a pregnant patient? - ANSWER-a venous hum murmur and an S When a headache accompanies a stroke, is this most often hemorrhagic or ischemic? - ANSWER-hemorrhagic AV nicking is most commonly seen on retinal exam of which chronic
condition? - ANSWER-hypertension
What are common side effects of NSAIDs? - ANSWER-renal impairment, acute renal failure, gastritis
What is the most common cause of pernicious anemias? - ANSWER-vitamin B deficiency How should oral iron supplements be taken? - ANSWER-on an empty stomach with something acidic and high in calcium such as orange juice Group A strep pharyngitis can be accompanied by what symptoms other than the classic Centor criteria? - ANSWER-abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting A stool specimen that is positive for WBCs is a sign of what? - ANSWER-a viral or bacterial infection The only type of incontinence that would not benefit from pelvic floor therapy is what? - ANSWER-overflow incontinence What do the skin manifestations of a penicillin allergy look like? - ANSWER-hives What are symptoms that someone will experience as soon as they are started on a SSRI and when will this resolve? - ANSWER-headache, nausea, insomnia, restlessness, agitation; will resolve in 2 weeks What causes the dry cough in people taking an ACEI? - ANSWER-the buildup of bradykinin which is usually degraded by ACE ACEI induced coughs usually begin how soon after starting the medication? - ANSWER-within 2 weeks COPD is often associated with what sequelae? - ANSWER-anxiety and depression When should an antiviral be started in a patient with shingles? - ANSWER-within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms What is the drug of choice for treating UTIs in male patients? - ANSWER-bactrim for 7- 10 days What is the leading cause of CKD and ESRD in the united states? - ANSWER-diabetes What is the usual recommendation about administering MMR and varicella immunizations? - ANSWER-they should be given on the same day or at least one month apart What are the classic symptoms of an atopic pregnancy? - ANSWER-amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain
If the number of bacteria on a urinalysis are greater than , this Can a pregnant woman get the MMR vaccine while pregnant? - ANSWER-yes Why are the carotid arteries auscultated for bruits? - ANSWER-this is indicative of generalized atherosclerosis What is roseola? - ANSWER-a viral exanthem characterized by a high fever for 3 days then abrupt stopping of the fever and a maculopapular rash that blanches. also known as exanthem subitum. What are signs indicative of a meningitis infection? - ANSWER-Kernig and Brudzinski's signs Cancer in the bone marrow that results in skeletal destruction - ANSWER-multiple myeloma What is the average age of diagnosis of multiple myeloma? - ANSWER- 65 a skin disorder that causes the nose to enlarge and become red, bumpy, and bulbous - ANSWER-rhinophyma What are physical exam findings common in alcohol abuse? - ANSWER-tremors, macrocytosis (due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies common in alcoholics), hypertension, rhinophyma, peripheral neuropathy, teleangectasia, hepatosplenomegaly What is the first sign of sexual maturation in a male? - ANSWER-an increase in testicular size (tanner stage 2) The inability to name a familiar object - ANSWER-anomia What happens to a womans vital signs when she is in her second trimester of pregnancy? - ANSWER-her blood pressure decreases What is the most common cause of acute pharyngitis in children? - ANSWER- respiratory viruses A depressed patient is started on an SSRI. When should another antidepressant be tried if there is no response? - ANSWER-8-12 weeks is indicative of a UTI. - ANSWER-100,
What are signs of a ruptured TM other than the obviously ruptured TM? - ANSWER- muffled hearing and bright red blood in the canal Osgood Schlatter disease produces pain where? - ANSWER-in the knees
ANSWER- gallstones and alcohol abuse. Hypertriglyceridemia can also cause it.
What are the RF for GI bleeding? - ANSWER-age 75 or older, warfarin use, daily NSAID use, chronic steroid use, PMHx of GI bleed When two or more RF for a GI bleed are present, we should not start a patient on aspirin without what? - ANSWER-a daily PPI What medication is first line for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria or UTI in pregnancy? - ANSWER-nitrofurantoin Athletic amenorrhea increases one's risk of developing what? - ANSWER- osteoporosis; this is because there is a loss of body fat and body fat is what produces estrogen so estrogen levels decline An intervention being performed to prevent the occurrence of the same event happening again is an example of prevention. Give an example. - ANSWER-secondary; taking a daily aspirin to prevent another stroke after already having one What is Strattera (atomoxetine) used for? - ANSWER-ADHD; side effect includes increased BP and HR so monitor closely What is the drug Danazol and what is it used for? - ANSWER-an androgen used in the treatment of endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease Danazol, an androgen, has what potential side effects? - ANSWER-edema, hirsutism, hair loss, vocal changes The Mirena (Levonorgestrol) IUD stays in for how long? - ANSWER-5 years What is the most common reason for persistent gonorrhea infections? - ANSWER- failure of the patient to abstain from unprotected sexual intercourse What class of drug is theophylline? What does it do? - ANSWER-methylxanthine; it's a bronchodilator Beta blockers are contraindicated in which cardiovascular condition? - ANSWER- variant (prinzmetal) angina bc they may induce coronary vasospasm from unopposed alpha receptor activity What class of drug is Ropinirole (requip) and what is it used for? - ANSWER- dopamine agonist; restless leg syndrome Are males or females more likely to commit suicide? - ANSWER-males
Which diagnostic study is most helpful for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies? - ANSWER-PET scan
ADHD is a risk factor for both depression and what else? - ANSWER-substance abuse Epididymitis with orchitis is commonly related to what? - ANSWER-genitourinary infections Mycoplasma genitalium is most commonly associated with which disease presentation in men? - ANSWER-urethritis, especially if persistent or recurrent C. trachomatis stands for what common type of bacteria infection? - ANSWER- chlamydia Chlamydia passed from a mother to a newborn can result in which problems for the newborn? - ANSWER-conjunctivitis and pneumonia In a patient with patent ductus arteriosus, where is the murmur best heard? - ANSWER- localized at the left clavicle and is both systolic and diastolic What is the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWER-provides the fetus with a pathway from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in utero in order to skip the lungs What are examples of some conditions that have multifactorial inheritance? - ANSWER- diabetes, obesity, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimers Seborrheic dermatitis is basically the same thing as what? - ANSWER-eczema of the scalp The flow of air coming in and out of the lungs in one inhalation and one exhalation - ANSWER-peak expiratory flow What does an incentive spirometer measure? - ANSWER-peak expiratory flow What happens in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER-LH and FSH decrease, the ruptured follicle closes after an egg has been released and forms the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone remain high and it is those two things that cause the lining of the uterus to thicken further in preparation for fertilization What is a sign of the initial appearance of measurable histamines in a patient with allergic rhinitis? - ANSWER-sneezing The bacteria responsible for syphilis is called what? - ANSWER-treponema pallidum
What is the most common cause of septic arthritis? - ANSWER-staph aureus The STI, mycoplasma genitalium, is unique in what way? - ANSWER-it lacks a cell wall and has a terminal tip-like structure which allows it to attach to and enter other cells. It then modulates the host's immune response What are the 3 secondary causes of type 2 diabetes? - ANSWER-prolonged physical or emotional stress, pregnancy, drugs such as steroids and hormonal contraceptives How does hyperinsulinemia in PCOS work? - ANSWER-insulin resistance occurs in all places except for the ovary which remains sensitive to insulin. This insulin upregulates androgen production. Which drug classes are responsible for causing urinary retention? - ANSWER- antihistamines, TCAs, antispasmodics, bronchodilators, antipsychotics, carbidopa levodopa A 75 year old patient is experiencing progressive confusion and memory deterioration. Which condition mimics dementia that this patient should be tested for? - ANSWER- neurosyphilis Which hormones in late pregnancy can block insulin and cause gestational diabetes? - ANSWER-cortisol, estrogen, and placental lactogen Target shaped skin lesions as a result of a hypersensitivity reaction to certain infections and drugs - ANSWER-erythema multiforme An abnormal growth of squamos epithelium in the middle ear and mastoid - ANSWER- cholesteatoma The cremasteric reflex is assessed in infants for what purpose? - ANSWER-to assess for retractile testicles; this occurs when the reflex is too strong and it pulls the testicle out of the body and into the groin; this is normal and should go away by puberty Patient populations who may present atypically when having a MI include who? - ANSWER-diabetics, females, elderly A disorder that results in the destruction of platelets due to an autoimmune response - ANSWER-idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura Pelvic inflammatory disease is most commonly caused by what? - ANSWER-
chlamydia and gonorrhea A protruding abdominal mass after bending over, lifting, or coughing, and is painful with coughing, is often what in adults? - ANSWER-inguinal hernia
The most common precancerous skin lesion that results from years of repeated sun exposure - ANSWER-actinic keratosis
What happens during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle? - ANSWER-FSH and LH increase which stimulate the production of estrogen. Ultimately, it is estrogen that prepares the uterus for ovum fertilization A superficial dermatophyte/fungal infection of the skin of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes - ANSWER-tinea capitis Bacterial invasion of the renal parenchyma - ANSWER-pyelonephritis What is phimosis vs. paraphimosis? - ANSWER-phimosis is tightening of the foreskin over the glans that prevents retraction; paraphimosis is when you can retract the foreskin but you can't pull it back up What is a common characteristic of a person with Graves disease? - ANSWER- ophthalmopathy causing lymphocytes to infiltrate the extraocular muscle, resulting in paralysis of EOMs, involvement of the optic nerve, and corneal ulcers Which phase of the menstrual cycle begins with a surge in LH and FSH? - ANSWER- ovulatory phase What is the pathophys of HIV? - ANSWER-causes destruction of the CD4 T cells resulting in eventual immune suppression Cells within the epidermis that are primarily responsible for protecting the skin from UV rays in sunlight - ANSWER-melanocytes Body lice primarily live where? - ANSWER-on bedding and clothing, not people Body lice are vectors for which diseases? - ANSWER-epidemic typhus, trench fever, relapsing fever Fifth disease is spread via how? - ANSWER-respiratory droplets What are other names of fifth disease? - ANSWER-parvovirus, slapped cheek disease What is the life span of lice? - ANSWER-30 days The hypersensitivity and pain crescendo experienced in conjunction with a migraine is thought to be related to the release of what? - ANSWER-substance P; a neurotransmitter which functions as the pain transmitter of the dorsal horn and is responsible for causing nausea, vomiting, stress, and anxiety Where is the location of the tricuspid valve? - ANSWER-separates the right atrium
