Download APHY 101 – Ivy Tech Community College – Final Exam 2025 – Complete Study Guide with Verifi and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
(APHY 101) FINAL Exam 2025 – Complete
Study Guide (Verified Questions &
Answers)
Signs of aging at the cellular level are: - CORRECT ANSWER impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. The elbow is distal to the wrist. - CORRECT ANSWER False The ears are lateral to the eyes. - CORRECT ANSWER True Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? - CORRECT ANSWER Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by - CORRECT ANSWER AB → A + B. A parietal layer of a serous membrane _______, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________. - CORRECT ANSWER lines cavities; covers organs The three major parts of a cell are - CORRECT ANSWER the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum does not. - CORRECT ANSWER False
In negative feedback mechanisms changes away from the normal state - CORRECT ANSWER stimulate changes in the opposite direction. Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because - CORRECT ANSWER all of the above. Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Which of the choices includes all acids? - CORRECT ANSWER Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee In phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER a cell membrane engulfs solid particles. Which of the following transport processes does not require expenditure of cellular energy? - CORRECT ANSWER Facilitated diffusion An organic compound always contains - CORRECT ANSWER carbon and hydrogen. Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats. - CORRECT ANSWER have more single carbon-carbon bonds The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of - CORRECT ANSWER Neutrons Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER All of the above An electrolyte ionizes in water. - CORRECT ANSWER True Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic? - CORRECT ANSWER Carbohydrates Which of the following substances is an element? - CORRECT ANSWER Iron
The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight.
- CORRECT ANSWER False A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is - CORRECT ANSWER totipotent. Cancer can result if - CORRECT ANSWER mitosis is too frequent or does not stop. The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are in the dorsal cavity. - CORRECT ANSWER False Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move. - CORRECT ANSWER True Cells lose water when placed in a __________ solution. - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertonic A selectively permeable membrane - CORRECT ANSWER allows some substances to pass through and excludes others. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? - CORRECT ANSWER The palms are facing backward. Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules in - CORRECT ANSWER Glycolysis Transcription and translation differ in that - CORRECT ANSWER transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein.
If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is - CORRECT ANSWER AGTCCGATAAGGGC. Which of the following is not true regarding RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER It is double-stranded. An enzyme is - CORRECT ANSWER a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Catabolism builds up molecules and anabolism breaks down molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER False Codons are part of - CORRECT ANSWER mRNA Which of the following is an example of catabolism? - CORRECT ANSWER The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria. - CORRECT ANSWER True Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER ATP A cofactor is ______ and examples are _____. - CORRECT ANSWER a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc An ATP molecule consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates. - CORRECT ANSWER True The electron transport chain is a series of enzyme complexes that pass electrons, releasing energy that is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP on the inner mitochondrial membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER True A cell may contain hundreds of different types of enzymes. - CORRECT ANSWER True
The type of intercellular junction that forms tubular channels is - CORRECT ANSWER a gap junction. Functions of neuroglia include which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER They support and bind nervous tissue and provide nutrients and growth factors to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels. The type of intercellular junction that consists of fused membranes is a(an) - CORRECT ANSWER tight junction. A (An) ______ gland does not branch before reaching the glandular cells or secretory part. - CORRECT ANSWER simple Tissues are groups of cells that have a common overall function, yet are distinctive in their characteristic cell types and the molecules that the cells produce. - CORRECT ANSWER True Areolar tissue contains - CORRECT ANSWER collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and gel-like ground substance. Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called - CORRECT ANSWER Central canals Involuntary muscle tissues are - CORRECT ANSWER smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue. Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma. - CORRECT ANSWER True Skin wrinkles with age because - CORRECT ANSWER fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks. Milk and ear wax - CORRECT ANSWER are secreted from modified sweat glands.
Skin cancer is most likely to develop from - CORRECT ANSWER nonpigmented epithelial cells. Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by regular exposure to - CORRECT ANSWER ultraviolet light. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with - CORRECT ANSWER muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a - CORRECT ANSWER superficial partialthickness burn. Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases. - CORRECT ANSWER True A nail consists of - CORRECT ANSWER a nail bed and nail plate. Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? - CORRECT ANSWER Dermal blood vessels constrict. Skin cells play an important role in producing - CORRECT ANSWER vitamin D. The arrector pili muscle is attached to - CORRECT ANSWER a hair follicle. Reddened skin reflects - CORRECT ANSWER dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis. As epidermal cells move up through the strata away from their blood supply, they die and become keratinized. - CORRECT ANSWER True Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands - CORRECT ANSWER All of the above
In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is - CORRECT ANSWER the cell The thoracic cavity lies _____________ the abdominopelvic cavity. - CORRECT ANSWER superior to Signs of aging at the cellular level are - CORRECT ANSWER impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. - CORRECT ANSWER True Which action is the main function of the digestive system? - CORRECT ANSWER Absorption of nutrients The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are in the dorsal cavity. - CORRECT ANSWER False The digestive system filters wastes from the blood. - CORRECT ANSWER False The elbow is distal to the wrist. - CORRECT ANSWER False Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct? - CORRECT ANSWER Circulation-the movement of substances in body fluids The ears are lateral to the eyes. - CORRECT ANSWER True In negative feedback mechanisms changes away from the normal state - CORRECT ANSWER stimulate changes in the opposite direction. Homeostasis is the - CORRECT ANSWER tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.
An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a __________ section. - CORRECT ANSWER sagittal Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? - CORRECT ANSWER Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems Which of the following is not true of organelles? - CORRECT ANSWER They are only in cells of humans. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is - CORRECT ANSWER superficial. Nucleic acids are - CORRECT ANSWER composed of building blocks called nucleotides. The secondary structure of a protein molecule is the result of - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen bonds. A person with alkalosis has a blood pH less than 7.3. - CORRECT ANSWER False The formula H2O refers to - CORRECT ANSWER A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER all of the above. Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Which of the choices includes all acids? - CORRECT ANSWER Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER all of the above. Electrolytes are substances that: - CORRECT ANSWER ionize in water.
Chromosomes duplicate during - CORRECT ANSWER Interphase A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is - CORRECT ANSWER totipotent. During interphase, a cell rests. - CORRECT ANSWER False The organelle where energy is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP is a - CORRECT ANSWER mitochondrion. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum does not. - CORRECT ANSWER False If a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, - CORRECT ANSWER the cell will swell and may eventually burst. All cell types divide at the same rate. - CORRECT ANSWER False Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order: - CORRECT ANSWER interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER integral protein. Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton. - CORRECT ANSWER True Which of the following does not influence the rate of diffusion? - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of energy available for transport molecules Cells lose water when placed in a __________ solution. - CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic
What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share? - CORRECT ANSWER Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without cellular energy. Which of the following best describes the reaction NaNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + NaCl?
- CORRECT ANSWER exchange reaction The function of the association area in the frontal lobe is - CORRECT ANSWER higher intellectual processes, such as reasoning and judgment. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by __________ and it __________. - CORRECT ANSWER choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull The anaerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the __________ , whereas the aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the __________. - CORRECT ANSWER cytoplasm without O2 required; mitochondria with O2 required A pole vaulter keeps track of his position in mid-air through - CORRECT ANSWER proprioceptors Epithelial tissue functions in - CORRECT ANSWER secretion, absorption, and protection. Receptors for the special senses are found - CORRECT ANSWER primarily in the head Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? - CORRECT ANSWER Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector Epidermis is __________, whereas dermis is __________. - CORRECT ANSWER composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle, and nerve cell processes
What is the relationship of osmotic pressure to the number of solute particles in a solution? - CORRECT ANSWER The greater the number of impermeant solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure. Macromolecules are built of atoms. - CORRECT ANSWER true The consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the - CORRECT ANSWER right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa. Bones of a synovial joint are held together by - CORRECT ANSWER joint capsule The functional connection between a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is a - CORRECT ANSWER synapse If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, - CORRECT ANSWER motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost. Eccrine sweat glands - CORRECT ANSWER respond primarily to elevated body temperature. The intestines are innervated by both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. During a meal, the __________ division activates digestion and slows heart rate. During exercise, the __________ division slows digestion and increases heart rate. - CORRECT ANSWER parasympathetic; sympathetic Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear - CORRECT ANSWER white Blood with excess oxygen causes cyanosis. - CORRECT ANSWER false While examining a sample of muscle tissue under a microscope, you notice that the cells are multinucleated. They are long, unbranched, striated, and contain a developed transverse tubule system. Which muscle type does this sample contain?
- CORRECT ANSWER skeletal muscle
When K+ and Cl- meet, they will - CORRECT ANSWER from KCL with an ionic bond Myelin - CORRECT ANSWER consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon. The functional unit of muscle contraction is - CORRECT ANSWER the sarcomere The color receptors in the retina are most sensitive to light waves that are - CORRECT ANSWER red, green, and blue The act of closing the fingers to make a fist is an example of what type of joint movement (at the interphalangeal joints)? - CORRECT ANSWER flexion Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER phospholipid bilayer A mutation can cause disease if - CORRECT ANSWER the DNA sequence changes so that one amino acid is substituted for another in a way that affects the encoded protein's functioning. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? - CORRECT ANSWER The palms are facing backward. Stereoscopic vision results when the - CORRECT ANSWER images in the eyes are different Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? - CORRECT ANSWER control of postural reflexes During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope. - CORRECT ANSWER false
The soft part of the nose and the supporting rings of the respiratory passages are composed of fibrocartilage. - CORRECT ANSWER false Every neuron has - CORRECT ANSWER cell body Transmitting an impulse from one neuron to another involves a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft. Which of the nitrogenous bases is part of DNA, but not RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER thymine DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. - CORRECT ANSWER true In an ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER oppositely charged atoms attract. Which of the following processes is most important to the continuation of the human species? - CORRECT ANSWER reproduction The __________ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. - CORRECT ANSWER transverse fissure pain receptors - CORRECT ANSWER respond to factors that can damage tissue. It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the bone and looking for a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER epiphyseal plate A person is exposed to a drug that prevents vesicles from forming in neurons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve function. - CORRECT ANSWER Neurotransmitters won't be released into the synapse via exocytosis. A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a __________. - CORRECT ANSWER gomphosis
A molecule that carries energy in a form the cell can use is - CORRECT ANSWER ATP Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? - CORRECT ANSWER Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is - CORRECT ANSWER simple squamous epithelium Golgi tendon organs are stimulated more when - CORRECT ANSWER you are straining a muscle hard and causing increased tension. Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? - CORRECT ANSWER All of the answer choices are correct. The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation. - CORRECT ANSWER true The femur - CORRECT ANSWER is the longest bone in the body If the sinus cavities located within the skull were instead completely filled with bone, the skull would be much heavier. - CORRECT ANSWER true A test organism develops a genetic mutation that causes neurons to develop without synaptic knobs. How will this impact neuronal function? - CORRECT ANSWER No neurotransmitters will be released into the synapse to signal the postsynaptic neuron, as the synaptic knob is where they are stored. Which of the following bone shape is stated with an incorrect example? - CORRECT ANSWER flat bone- thigh bone Sensory receptors include - CORRECT ANSWER baroreceptors
