AREN/CE 4352 Exam 2 (Contemporary Issues) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+) | Exams Chemistry

AREN/CE 4352 Exam 2 (Contemporary

Issues) QUESTIONS &

ANSWERS(RATED A+)

Explain the events leading up to the East Palestine Derailment*** - ANSWERA train

was traveling 30 miles west of East Palestine, Ohio at around 8 pm. It contained 149

train carts, was traveling about 50 MPH, and unknowingly contained defective "hot

box detectors"; consequently, the train's system failed to predict the overheating of

the roller bearings, and the excessive temperatures of the train's wheels derailed the

train.

Explain the reasons trains derail - ANSWERTrains derail due to track-related issues,

equipment failures, human errors, and environmental factors.

Summarize the impacts the Ohio train derailment had on the environment -

ANSWERWater supply; Ohio residents cannot drink untreated water from their taps

and water samples from the Ohio River are constantly being collected and tested.

Air contamination; pollutants in the air are hazardous to the health of the residents,

and residual pollution may settle on the ground, creating more contamination.

Aquatic species; chemical leaks from the explosion have killed many fish,

amphibians, and aquatic insects. Animals not killed can experience seizures,

decreased mobility, and trouble breathing.

Identify five chemicals released during train derailment - ANSWEREthylene glycol

monobutyl ether, Ethylhexyl acrylate, Isobutylene, Butyl acrylate, and Vinyl Chloride

Recognize the uses of Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether, Ethylhexyl Acrylate,

Isobutylene, and Butyl Acrylate - ANSWEREthylene glycol monobutyl ether -

household chemicals and surface coatings.

Ethylhexyl acrylate - pressure-sensitive adhesives and UV curable coatings.

Isobutylene - rubber for sporting goods, rubber sealants, and chewing gum.

Butyl acrylate - office products and construction materials.

Identify the hazards of Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether, Ethylhexyl Acrylate,

Isobutylene, and Butyl Acrylate - ANSWERAll four chemicals have the same

hazards: fire and health hazards.

Define Vinyl Chloride and its uses*** - ANSWERVinyl Chloride - a colorless gas that

is highly flammable and has a mild, sweet odor. It is used for pipes, shrink wrap, and

shower curtains.

Describe the health hazards associated with the chemical Vinyl Chloride to humans -

ANSWERVinyl Chloride creates a carcinogen, which means it's capable of causing

cancer. The chemical also creates respiratory problems, enlarges livers, and causes

abdominal pain.

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AREN/CE 4352 Exam 2 (Contemporary

Issues) QUESTIONS &

ANSWERS(RATED A+)

Explain the events leading up to the East Palestine Derailment*** - ANSWERA train was traveling 30 miles west of East Palestine, Ohio at around 8 pm. It contained 149 train carts, was traveling about 50 MPH, and unknowingly contained defective "hot box detectors"; consequently, the train's system failed to predict the overheating of the roller bearings, and the excessive temperatures of the train's wheels derailed the train. Explain the reasons trains derail - ANSWERTrains derail due to track-related issues, equipment failures, human errors, and environmental factors. Summarize the impacts the Ohio train derailment had on the environment - ANSWERWater supply; Ohio residents cannot drink untreated water from their taps and water samples from the Ohio River are constantly being collected and tested. Air contamination; pollutants in the air are hazardous to the health of the residents, and residual pollution may settle on the ground, creating more contamination. Aquatic species; chemical leaks from the explosion have killed many fish, amphibians, and aquatic insects. Animals not killed can experience seizures, decreased mobility, and trouble breathing. Identify five chemicals released during train derailment - ANSWEREthylene glycol monobutyl ether, Ethylhexyl acrylate, Isobutylene, Butyl acrylate, and Vinyl Chloride Recognize the uses of Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether, Ethylhexyl Acrylate, Isobutylene, and Butyl Acrylate - ANSWEREthylene glycol monobutyl ether - household chemicals and surface coatings. Ethylhexyl acrylate - pressure-sensitive adhesives and UV curable coatings. Isobutylene - rubber for sporting goods, rubber sealants, and chewing gum. Butyl acrylate - office products and construction materials. Identify the hazards of Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether, Ethylhexyl Acrylate, Isobutylene, and Butyl Acrylate - ANSWERAll four chemicals have the same hazards: fire and health hazards. Define Vinyl Chloride and its uses*** - ANSWERVinyl Chloride - a colorless gas that is highly flammable and has a mild, sweet odor. It is used for pipes, shrink wrap, and shower curtains. Describe the health hazards associated with the chemical Vinyl Chloride to humans - ANSWERVinyl Chloride creates a carcinogen, which means it's capable of causing cancer. The chemical also creates respiratory problems, enlarges livers, and causes abdominal pain.

Explain what a stormwater management practice is - ANSWERThe quality and quantity of stormwater runoff. Identify the communities that are in need of stormwater management - ANSWERLow-income, and minority neighborhoods. Communities located in low- lying areas, the Northwest, the Midwest, and in coastal cities. Summarize the history of stormwater management practice - ANSWERPre-13th century involved wells, rainwater harvesting, and ponds. 13th to the 16th century used stone irrigation channels and water storage facilities. 18th to the 19th century industrialization led to urbanization, increasing the rate of stormwater runoff. Late 20th century used vegetative channels and swales, with emphasis on low- impact development. 21st century had advanced stormwater infrastructure that allowed runoff to infiltrate close to its source, new technology, and the term "green infrastructure." Identify the different practices of stormwater management - ANSWERRain garden, cistern, green roof, vegetative swale, pervious pavement, and retention pond. Identify the challenges that we are currently facing with stormwater management - ANSWERMost towns cannot handle the increased runoff and rely on water management districts to create a solution. Developers are struggling with balancing the newer and stricter regulations set by the EPA, and solutions that are effective, affordable, and feasible. Rainfall variation leads to under or over-designed systems. Funding challenges with both state and regional sources. (state sources: grants, state GO bonds, loans. regional sources: general funds, property taxes, utility and drainage fees, and district funds) Identify three present-day uses for plastics - ANSWERSponges, thermal insulation, and safety helmets Identify the problems with consumer responsibility regarding plastic waste - ANSWERConsumers are tasked with the handling of plastic waste, only 53% of plastic waste is sent to recycling centers, and consumer responsibility relies on the consumer to be knowledgeable. Highlight the benefits of great stormwater management - ANSWEREnvironmental: helps to prevent stream bank erosion, improves water quality, and reduces strain on water treatment facilities. Social: reduces exposure to harmful pollutants, improves the quality of recreational use (swimming, fishing, etc.), and has flood risk management. Economic: damage prevention for properties and infrastructure, resilient infrastructure by lowering exposure to floods, and increases property value. Summarize the steps being taken for future practices in stormwater management - ANSWERIncreased awareness and expertise through stormwater education + training programs, and public policies.

Explain the benefits of using plastic as a material - ANSWERIt's a low-cost alternative material so it would NOT be expensive to implement more repurposed polymers. Plastic is durable and long-lasting due to its atomic structure. New jobs and economic opportunities would be created by making it the new norm to reuse plastics. We would conserve natural resources by relying less on extracting organic material and instead reusing what we already have in excess (plastics). Describe the current plastic waste disposal practices in Texas - ANSWERUTD sustainability committee created 16-page proposal for phasing out single-use plastics on their campus. Austin City Council approved the decision to collaborate with the TRA to educate restaurants on having bio-degradable alternatives for single-use plastics. Fort Worth garbage and recycling website educates users on how to properly dispose of their garbage, which includes plastics. List plastic waste disposal practices around the world - ANSWER1. Norway's refundable deposit program allows them to have the best plastic bottle recycling rate.

Several Caribbean nations outlaw single-use plastics.
Phoenix's soft plastic recycling program in grocery stores allows easy access for residents to recycle and repurpose their plastics. Identify what has and has NOT worked to manage plastic waste - ANSWERHas worked: UT Austin engineers/scientists created an enzyme variant that can break down plastics, essentially speeding up the plastic degrading process from centuries to days/hours. ExxonMobil's advanced recycling facility has a capacity to process 80 million lbs/yr of plastic waste, one of the largest recycling facilities in the nation. Has NOT worked: TCEQ scrapped their proposal idea for regulating plastic pellets; they were pressured to do so from the chemical industry. Several Texan cities banned single-use plastic bags, or put a tax on them; Supreme Court recently ruled to end the bag ban. Recognize the potential of plastic waste - ANSWERRecycled plastic Pin (RPP) - used for highway slope stability. It reduces waste volume, is resistant to biological exposure, and a 10' RPP can replace 500 soda bottles. Discuss some of the ongoing research in the plastic waste field - ANSWERHigh- density polyethylene (HDPE) - could potentially be used as a 'plastic road.' It has the best result in decreased rutting, and has a high recycling rate, though it is more expensive than other tested alternatives. In the lab, HDPE was tested against Low- density polyethylene (LDPE) and Polypropylene (PP). PP had the 2nd best result for the decreased rutting and LDPE had the 3rd. List three examples of alternative concrete buildings - ANSWER1. CANMET Technology Laboratory
New Orleans BioInnovation Center
Tassafaronga Village

Describe the sea level rise in Galveston, TX - ANSWERWhile there have been sea level risings globally, the upper southeast coast of Texas (Galveston) is more vulnerable due to some parts of its land sinking. The sea level rise in Galveston affects both the coastal environment as well as the human population living there. Ultimately there is a great concern due to the sinking land and the rising water levels of the area. Describe the importance of cement within our infrastructure - ANSWERCement is used to bind sand and gravel together to form concrete; concrete is the second most used resource besides water, and it is relatively cheap and popular building material. Understand the negative impacts related to CO2 emissions from manufacturing cement - ANSWERCurrent cement manufacturing processes emit CO2; the cement manufacturing industry are responsible for 8% of the global CO2 footprint. A rotating kiln (a part of the cement making process) burns fossil fuels, in turn producing CO2. Explain the need for pursuing non-standard cement mix alternatives - ANSWERNon- standard cement alternatives have reduced CO2 emissions by 40% or more. List more ecofriendly alternatives to concrete - ANSWER1. Green Concrete

Ashcrete
Blast Furnace Slag
Micro Silica Understand and compare the pros and cons of the alternatives to concrete - ANSWERGreen Concrete: (pro) Uses less clinker (the material that causes the most CO2 emission during the cement production process). (con) It's more expensive than conventional concrete. Ashcrete: (pro) 90% of its composition is recycled fly ash. (con) Health concerns with inhaling the coal ash since it's made with Chlorine. Blast Furnace Slag: (pro) Reduces voids (voids increase permeability) (con) Permeability increases with age. Micro Silica: (pro) Reacts rapidly, resulting in high early-age strength. (con) Large shrinkage rate, making it easy for cracks to appear. Compare the properties between normal concrete & the alternatives for concrete - ANSWERGreen concrete: Compressive strength is on par with normal concrete. Good thermal resistance and fire resistance. Flexural strength is almost as good as normal cement. Ashcrete: Compressive strength is twice as much as normal concrete. Higher resistance to acid and fire than normal concrete. Has low permeability and increases concrete durability. Blast Furnace Slag: Makes concrete more durable and requires less heat during the production process.

Identify protection ways for sea level rising - ANSWERHard shoreline structures (sea walls and bulkheads), soft shoreline structures (living shorelines), and protection projects. Explain accommodations put in place for rising sea levels - ANSWERZoning regulations ensures that structures in certain areas are resilient to floods. Real estate disclosures let their buyers know the risks of living in vulnerable locations on the coast. Structures with stilts allows people to make their own decision for how much risk they want to take. Understand how the government enforces retreating - ANSWERThe government can limit the public services to certain locations as well as reform both federal and state insurances to cater to coastal properties. Understand why there are issues with the solutions (to sea level rise) - ANSWERSea Wall of 1902: requires regular maintenance and and was made for the 1900s, when both the land and codes were different. Grade Rising: made for hurricanes and not for longevity; rising sea levels happens slowly but steadily. Groin System: expensive and severs ecological connection between land and sea. Policies: relies on local level policies, which may not be as effective.

AREN/CE 4352 Exam 2 (Contemporary Issues) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+), Exams of Chemistry

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Download AREN/CE 4352 Exam 2 (Contemporary Issues) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED A+) and more Exams Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

AREN/CE 4352 Exam 2 (Contemporary

Issues) QUESTIONS &

ANSWERS(RATED A+)