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ARMY AEROMEDICAL EXAM AND STUDY
GUIDE 2024 | AEROMEDICAL TRAINING
FOR FLIGHT PERSONNEL | 250 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY GRADED A+
When performing crew duties Soldiers must wear what type of under- garments ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Wool, cotton, or Nomex, or any blend thereof How must the Identification tags be worn ------CORRECT ANSWER---------- --------- Required to be worn around the neck by aircrew members while flying -- ID tag chain should be worn around outside of the collar and tucked between blouse and T-shirt -- No covers or silencers which could cause burns if they melt (no plastic or 550 cord) What characteristics must your boots provide ------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------must provide stability to prevent ankle and/or foot injury which adequately protect the aviator Flight gloves are constructed of ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Nomex and leather
How will the flight glove be worn? ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- will be worn at all times during flight under the sleeves of the flight suit. If a watch is worn, it should be worn outside of glove Flight gloves can be washed with mild soap and water but the washing temperature should not exceed ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Washing temperature should not exceed 120 degrees F The HGU 56/P Flight helmet provides ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---Provides both crash protection and noise attenuation who custom fits and services the HGU 56/P flight helmet ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Unit Aviation Life Support Equipment (ALSE) technician. The HGU 56/P Flight helmet and visor is cleaned using what solution ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Warm soapy water and a soft cloth Identify the components of the Air Warrior system. ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------------Primary Survival Gear Carrier (PSGC)-
- Body Armor- --Holster- --Aircrew Survival and Egress Knife (ASEK) The components of the Air Warrior system and the HGU 56/P Flight helmet must be stocked, inspected and have the applicable forms/records updated periodically by who? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Qualified
Aircrew Survival and Egress Knife (ASEK) consists of ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Aircrew Survival and Egress Knife (ASEK) consists of the knife, a hard sheath (attached to leg carrier assembly), and seatbelt cutter tool (with screwdriver). Identify miscellaneous unsafe apparel ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- -----Metal jewelry (rings) and watches --Metal insignia (badges) --Shoulder Sleeve Insignia will be removed by all aircrew members prior to entry onto the flight line, or working in or around aircraft --Glasses and/or sunglasses are NOT a substitute for visors Why must Insignia and badges on the A2CU be removed prior to entry onto the flight line, or when working in or around aircraft? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Metal insignia (badges) can contribute to injuries during maintenance or crash sequences due to electrical short circuits. Foreign Object Damage (FOD) can also be caused by the insignia. What are the physical divisions of the atmosphere? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Troposphere - Extends to an Alt. of 30,000 ft. at the poles and 60,000 ft. at the equator Tropopause - boundary between troposphere and stratosphere Stratosphere - tropopause to about 50 miles upward. Ionosphere - end of stratosphere upward to 600 miles Exosphere - end of ionosphere to about 1200 miles (true space) What are the physiological zones of the atmosphere ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Efficient zone Deficient zone Space equivalent zone
Identify the safety features provided by the aircraft. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Aircraft Structural Shell (fuselage)- Landing Gear and Crashworthy Seats- Personnel Restraint System- Post-crash Factors- Which one of the safety features are essential for survival? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Structural shell - prevent intrusion of structure in the occupiable living space during a survivable crash. Army aircraft offer protection from thermal injuries in what ways ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Crashworthy fuel systems, self sealing fuel cells, break free self sealing fuel lines, and fire extinguishing systems How does the landing gear and crashworthy seats effect vertical impacts --- ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Newer Army rotary wing aircraft (UH- 60/AH-64) rely heavily on fixed landing gear and seats to attenuate crash forces. Fatalities are rare for vertical impacts up to approximately 15. meters per second (50 ft/sec). Maximum landing loads for the UH-60 is 540 ft/min (11.25g) under normal conditions Hand held fire extinguishers in the cockpit are used when ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Only to extinguish personnel who are on fire Protection from drowning is primarily provided through ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Protection from drowning is primarily provided through training of the crewmember (water survival training)
Efficient zone ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------sea level to 10,000 ft Deficient zones ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------10,000 ft to 50, ft Space equivalent zone ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------above 50,000 ft What are the functions of the circulatory system? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Transports O2 and nutrients to cells throughout the body Transports metabolic waste products to organ removal sites Assists in temperature regulation Acid-base balance What carries O2 to cells ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------red blood cells What are the functions of respiration? ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---Provide O2 to cells, Remove carbon dioxide from cells Assist in maintaining body temperature, Assist in maintaining body acid- base balance Inhalation ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The active phase of respiration. Movement of air into the lungs when the chest wall expands and the diaphragm moves downward.
Exhalation ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The passive phase of respiration. Movement of air out of the lungs when the chest wall collapses and the diaphragm relaxes. What happens to respiration during pressure breathing at altitude ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The active and passive phases of respiration are reversed. In some indivduals, this can lead to hyperventilation and unconsciousness Hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Oxygen deficiency sufficent to impair performance What are the four types of Hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Hypemic Stagnant Histotoxic Hypoxic Hypemic Hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Reduction in O carrying capability of red blood cells; e.g. carbon monoxide Stagnant Hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Reduction in blood flow; e.g. positive G maneuvers
Disturbance stage ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------15,000 to 20, ft; most of the symptoms of hypoxia will appear, and will increase in severity with absolute altitude, time at altitude, and rate of ascent Critical stage ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------20,000 ft and above, severe effects, loss of consciousness, convulsions, and death What is hyperventilation ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------abnormal loss of CO2 from the blood Causes of hyperventilation ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Causes are usually:
- emotional; fear, apprehension, excitement
- pressure breathing,
- hypoxia Symptoms of Hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Symptoms are observable by the individual aircrew member. They vary from one person to the next: Air hunger or breathlessness / Apprehension (anxiety) Fatigue / Nausea / Headache / Dizziness / Hot and cold flashes / Euphoria / Belligerence (anger) Blurred vision Tunnel vision / Numbness / Tingling / Denial Signs of Hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Signs are observable by the other aircrew members
Increased rate and depth of breathing /Cyanosis /Mental confusion / Poor judgment / Loss of muscle coordination Unconsciousness / Slouching Symptoms of Hyperventilation ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- similar to those of hypoxia: Tingling sensations /Muscle spasms /Hot and cold sensations / Visual impairment / Dizziness / Unconsciousness Differentiate between hyperventilation and hypoxia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Altitude: Above 10,000 ft, assume hypoxia: Below 10,000 ft, assume hyperventilation Symptoms: Cyanosis only seen with Hypoxia Muscle Spasms only seen with Hyperventilation What is the treatment of hyperventilation / hypoxia. ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Treatment Above 10,000 feet- assume hypoxia and treat accordingly. 100% O2 / Descend to a safe altitude. Below 10,000 feet- assume hyperventilation and treat accordingly. Voluntary reduction in rate and depth of respiration is necessary to accomplish this task./ Reading or repeating a checklist in most cases can treat hyperventilation. Your co-pilot has pain in one tooth, what is it and what do you do? ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Land and seek dental care. it is Barodontalgia (trapped gas disorders of the teeth).
noise can affect pilots while they are performing their duties because it interferes with concentration TRUE OR FALSE: The denser the substance, the faster and longer the sound will travel ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TRUE! The density of the substance determines the speed at which the sound and pressure waves will travel. The denser the substance, the faster and longer the sound will travel The Surgeon General has establish ____ as the maximum permissible sound level of continuous, unprotected exposure to steady-state noise for _____ hrs ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------85 decibels, 8 hrs For every _____ decibel noise increases, exposure time is cut in _____ ---- --CORRECT ANSWER-----------------5, half For every five decibel noise increases, exposure time is cut in half Types of hearing loss ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Conductive Hearing Loss (impediment in the external or middle ear Sensorineural Hearing Loss (Cochlea is damaged) Of the two types of hearing loss, which is considered responsive to medical treatment ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Conductive Hearing Loss
Of the two types of hearing loss, which is considered permanent and not responsive to medical treatment ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Sensorineural Hearing Loss Since loud noise exposures usually can be predicted, what is the best way to conserve hearing in such hazardous noise environments. ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Wear hearing protection in high noise environments to protect hearing. The HGU-56 and IHADSS helmets protect against aircraft noise on all but two army aircrafts, what are they? ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- UH60 and CH What is vibration ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a series of oscillations resulting in the displacement and acceleration of the object (usually the object begins at rest) the maximum displacement of an object from its position at rest is ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Amplitude the mechanical amplification of vibration by the body occurring at specific frequencies is called ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Natural body resonance A loss of mechanical energy in a vibrating system. causeing the vibration to slow down is know as ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Damping
operation because the weight of the torso on that part of the spine while sitting. what is Raynaud's Disease? ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Raynaud's Disease (White finger) occurs to the hands after prolonged exposure to vibration from power tools, jackhammers, or other such equipment that vibrates at high frequencies. Trauma occurs in the arterioles and nerve endings in the extremities and limits the blood flow to that portion of the extremity Identify the effects of vibration on vision during flight ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Vision could be affected due to vibration in the aircraft; visual instruments may be difficult to read. Helmet mount or night vision devices may vibrate at 4-12 Hz At what level is speech distorted from the affects of vibration ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Speech can be distorted during oscillations of 4-12 Hz. Above 12 Hz, speech becomes increasingly difficult to interpret __________ is the mechanical radiant energy that is transmitted by __________ pressure waves. ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Sound, longitudinal Newton's First Law ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------(Law of Inertia) an object in motion tends to stay in motion & an object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.
Newton's Second Law ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Force = Mass x Acceleration Newton's Third Law ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction what is 1G (Gravity) ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------32.2 Ft/sec What is Inertia ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the resistance to a change in the state of rest or motion Acceleration ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The (increased) rate of change of velocity with respect to time. Acceleration of gravity continues until terminal velocity is reached. Deceleration ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A reduction in the velocity of a moving body with respect to time (negative acceleration) What is the Tri-axial Reference System ------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----Identifies the direction in which the body receives accelerative forces. (X,Y, & Z axes) X-axis ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the axis through the chest to back
How do changes in duration of acceleration forces effect injury severity? --- ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------increased duration = increased severity How does impact direction effect injury severity? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------all other factor being equal, y-axis impacts will result in more severe injury than z- or x-axis impacts. +Gx impacts are the most survivable. What are the factors that reduce the overall efficiency of the body to withstand G's called? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Decremental factors What are the factors that enhance the ability of the body to withstand G- forces called? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Incremental factors Name some of the incremental and decremental factors with respect to +Gz ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Decremental Factors: Dehydration, Alcohol Use, Blood Loss, Illness, Varicose Veins, Low Blood Pressure and Incremental Factors: Fear, Excitement, Asymptomatic Hypertension, G- suit, anti-G straining Maneuver Aircraft design features that enhance crash survivability (CREEP) ------ CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Container, Restraints, Environment, Energy absorption, and Post crash factors
Occupant survivability during an accident sequence is contingent upon the what criteria? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The amount of crash forces transmitted and occupiable living space (Two objects cannot occupy the same space). Sensory Illusion is ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A false perception of reality coming from one or more of the senses of orientation. Leads to spatial disorientation. What is spatial disorientation ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Inability to determine one's position, attitude, and motion relative to a point of reference, usually the surface of the Earth. What are the senses of orientation ------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive Which of the senses of orientation is most reliable ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Visual What percentage of orientation comes from vision? ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------80% When is spatial disorientation most likely to occur ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------When the pilot has lost visual reference to the horizon
