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ASCP Parasitology Exam Latest 2022
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What is the diagnostic procedure for Echinococcus granulosus? ✔✔The microscopic examination of hydatid fluid aspirated from a cyst.
What is the diagnostic procedure for Onchocerca volvulus? ✔✔Examination of skin snips.
What is the diagnostic procedure for Schistosoma haematobium? ✔✔Examination of urine sediment.
Charcot-Leyden crystals in stool may be associated with an immune response and are thought to be formed from the breakdown products of what cell? ✔✔Eosinophils.
How is Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense transmitted? ✔✔By the bite of the tsetse fly.
Infection with Giardia lamblia is often associated with: ✔✔Ingestion of water contaminated with cysts.
Upon examination of stool material for Cystoisospora belli, one would expect to see: ✔✔Oocysts that are modified acid fast variable.
What is the best technique to identify Dientamoeba fragilis in stool? ✔✔Trichromatic stained smear. Because there is no known cyst form for Dientamoeba fragilis.
Entamoeba gingivalis ✔✔Known to be an inhabitant of the mouth and is characterized by morphology that resembles Entamoeba histolytica/E.dispar. However, Entamoeba gingivalis tends to ingest P.M.N's whereas Entamoeba histolytica/E.dispar does not.
What organism causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis? ✔✔Naegleria fowleri.
What are the characteristics of the rhabditiform-noninfective-larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis? ✔✔Short buccal capsule and large genital primordium.
Visceral larva migrants is associated with what parasitic organism? ✔✔Toxocara. Toxocara species are the cause of visceral larva migrants and occur when humans accidentally ingest the infective eggs of the dog or cat ascarid. The larvae migrate through the deep tissues, including the eye.
What are visceral larva migrans? ✔✔A condition in humans caused by the migratory larvae of certain nematodes, humans being a dead end host. These nematodes can infect but not mature in humans and after migrating through the intestinal wall, travel with the blood stream to various organs where they cause inflammation and damage.
Where do the adult tapeworms of Echinococcus granulococcus usually live? ✔✔In the intestines of dogs.
Generally, how is Diphyllobothrium latum acquired? ✔✔By ingestion of freshwater fish.
In infections with Taenia solium, humans can serve as: ✔✔Either the definitive or intermediate host. If humans ingest Taenia sodium cysticerci in uncooked or rare pork, the adult tape worm will mature within the intestines - this makes humans the definitive host. If eggs from the adult tapeworm are ingested, then the cysticerci will develop in human tissue - this makes humans the accidental intermediate host.
What is known as the liver fluke? ✔✔Clonorchis sinensis.
What is know as the flea tapeworm or the cucumber tapeworm? ✔✔Dipylidium caninum.
Babesia is an intracellar parasite that resembles what parasitic organism? ✔✔Plasmodium falciparum rings.
Can Ascaris lumbricoides be transmitted in the laboratory under normal conditions? ✔✔No, Ascaris lumbricoides requires a period of development in the soil before infective to humans.
What is Toxoplasma gondii characterized by? ✔✔Possible congenital infection and ingestion of oocysts. Cosmopolitan distribution. Difficulties in interpretation of serological results.
Can Ascaris lumbricoides be transmitted in the laboratory under normal conditions? ✔✔Examination of in skin snips. The microfilariae of Onchocera volvulus are normally found in the fluid right under the outer layer of the skin.
Oocysts of Cryptosporidum species can be detected in stool specimens using ✔✔Modified Ziehl- Nielsen acid fast stain.
Massive hemolysis, blackwater fever and central nervous system involvement are most common with what parasitic organism? ✔✔Plasmodium falciparum.
What is Enterobiasis caused by? ✔✔By Enterobius vermicularis. The pinworm.
The formalin ether -ethyl acetate- concentration procedure for feces is used to demonstrate: ✔✔Protozoan cysts and helminth eggs.
What is a characteristic of Hymenolepis nana? ✔✔It has a thin eggshell containing a six hooked embryo-oncophere-and polar filaments that lie between the eggshell and embryo.
Wuchereria bancrofti ✔✔Sheathed microfilriae, a roundworm, that infects the lymphatic system. It is only one of three species that infects the lymphatic system.
What is Baermann's concentration used for? ✔✔The recovery of Strongyloides.
How is the diagnosis of Protozoa confirmed? ✔✔With a permanent stained fecal smear.
What parasitic infection can cause a latent infection which was acquired years before and may cause severe symptoms in the immunocompromised. ✔✔Strongyloides stercoralis
In a pediatric patient, the recommended clinical specimen for recovery of Enterobius vermiculris is the: ✔✔Scotch tape preparation.
What organism has the characteristic of a tetras karyosome in the nucleus? ✔✔Dientamoeba fragilis
What parasite causes eosinophilia meningoencephalitis, a form of larva migrans causing fever, headache, stiff neck and increased cells in the spinal fluid. ✔✔Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
It is known as the rat lungworm.
Protozoan cysts were seen in a concentration sediment and tentatively identified as Entamoeba coli. However, the organisms were barely visible on permanent stained smear because: ✔✔Entamoeba coli cyst wall becomes impenetrable to fixatives as it matures.
When humans have hydatid disease, the causative agent is: ✔✔Echinococcus granulosus and humans are the accidental intermediate host.
Which parasitic organism is immediately infective when passed in the stool? ✔✔Cryptosporidium oocysts.
What is the cause of Chagas' disease? ✔✔Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted by the kissing bug. It has two forms: the trypomastigote in the blood and the amastigote in the striated muscle.
True or False: Cryptosporidium oocysts have been transmitted through contaminated municipal water supplies. ✔✔True.
This parasitic organism has been associated with mini outbreaks of diarrheal disease and has been associated with ingestion of strawberries, raspberries, fresh basil , baby lettuce leaves and snow peas. The most likely causative agent is: ✔✔Cyclospora cayetanesis. It is a protozoan that causes disease in humans from eating produce contaminated with fecal matter.
The infective form of microsporidia is the resistant spore and it can survive for a long time in the environment. The spore extrudes its polar tubule and infects the host cell.
The term internal autoinfection can be associated with which parasites? ✔✔Cryptosporidium species and Strongyloides stercoralis.
What is recommended for the confirmation of Cyclospora cayetanesis oocysts? ✔✔Autofluorenscence.
What does it mean when a parasite has an internal autoinfection capability? ✔✔This means the cycle and infection can continue even after the patient has left the endemic area.
Older developing stages of the fifth malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, resemble those of: ✔✔Plasmodium malariae.
What are the key characteristics of infection with Plasmodium knowlesi? ✔✔Rapid RBC cycle of 24 hours. Will infect all ages of RBC's Possibility of serious symptoms.
How are microsporidia infections confirmed? ✔✔By light microscopy and modified trichrome stains.
What are the potential problems of using E.D.T.A anticoagulant and holding the blood too long prior to preparation of thick and thin blood smears? ✔✔There will be changes in parasite morphology and total loss of organism within several hours. Poor staining. Loss of Schuffner's Dots. Poor adherence of blood to the slide. Parasites begin the vector cycle within the tube of blood.
What is the disease and the vector for Trypanosoma gambiense? ✔✔African Sleeping Sickness. -tse-tse fly
What is the disease and the vector for Trypanosoma cruzi. ✔✔Chagas Disease. The kissing bug.
What is the disease and vector for Leishmania. ✔✔leishmaniasis. Sand fly.
What is disease and vector for Plasmodium? ✔✔Malaria. Mosquito.
What is the disease and vector for Babesia? ✔✔Babesiosis. Tick.
What parasitic organism causes the Guinea worm disease? ✔✔Dracunculus medinensis.
What is a ciliate? ✔✔A group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers,
What type of infection is Babesia? ✔✔It is an intracellular parasite that infects RBC's. It closely resembles Plasmodium falciparum.
What type of infection is Lyme Disease? ✔✔It's a bacteria of the Borrelia type. It is transmitted by the tick of the Ixodes genus.
What symptoms may result from infection with Enterobius vermicularis - pinworm? ✔✔Anal itching. Sleeplessness. Vaginal irritation/discharge. Bloody diarrhea is not associated with E.vermicularis.
What are the 3 components of the ova and parasite examination? ✔✔The direct wet film. - demonstrates trophozoite motility. The formalin-ethyl acetate concentration. - demonstrates cystic oocysts and helminth eggs. The trichrome or iron hematoxylin stained smear. -confirms protozoan cysts and trophozoites.
What type of patients are microsporidia most often implicated in? ✔✔Immunocompromised patients
When humans have hydatid disease, the causative agent and host classification are: ✔✔Echinococcus granulosus - accidental intermediate host.
What parasitic organism results in a disease known as cysticercosis? ✔✔Taenia solium.
In Taenia solium infection, the human is considered what type of host? ✔✔The accidental intermediate host.
What are the two forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in the human? ✔✔The trypomastigote - in the blood. And The amastigote - in the striated muscle -usually cardiac and intestinal muscle.
What age of red cells does Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infect? ✔✔Very young red blood cells.
What are the routes of infection for microsporidia? ✔✔Ingestion. Inhalation of spores.
What is a trematode? ✔✔It includes two groups of parasitic flatworms, known as flukes. They are internal parasites of molluscs and vertebrates. They include tissue flukes and blood flukes.
Tissue flukes, also known as tissue trematodes, include what parasitic organisms. ✔✔Paragonimus westermanii. And The Liver Flukes - Clonorchis sinenesis and Fasciola hepatica.
What are Nematodes? ✔✔They are also known as the roundworms.
What is the Protozoa? ✔✔single-celled, non-photosynthetic protists, such as the ciliates, amoebae and flagellates.
What are the common human parasitic organisms included in the Nematodes-roundworms? ✔✔Ascaris lumricoides. Enterobius vermicularis Hookworms Trichiuris trichura
The Helminiths, also known as the parasitic worms, include: ✔✔Tapeworms, also known as the Cestodes. Flukes , also known as the Trematodes.
And. Roundworms , also known as the Nematodes.
