A Comparative Analysis of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction, Lecture notes of Cellular and Molecular Biology

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Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduc7on

— Binary Fission

— Bacteria — Protists Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.

Asexual Reproduc7on

— Vegetative Reproduction Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants that relies on multi-­‐ cellular structures formed by the parent plant.

Asexual Reproduc7on

— Fragmentation

Fragmentation is a means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals.

Asexual Reproduc7on

— Regeneration

Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one.

Asexual Reproduc7on

— Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually

— Hydra — Sea Star — Strawberry — Archaebacteria — Eubacteria — Euglena — Paramecium — Yeast

Sexual Reproduc7on

— Requires two parents that each share ½ of the genetic

information.

— Offspring share the characteristics of each parent. — Meiosis

Sexual Reproduc7on

— All the members of the Animal

Kingdom

— Fish — Mammals — Amphibians — Birds — Reptiles — Insects — Crustaceans

Sexual Reproduc7on

— Plant Kingdom

— Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. — Some flowers have both male and female reproductive organs on the same flower. Male flower Female flower

Sexual Reproduc7on Summary Male Gamete Female Gamete Type of Union Result of Union Final Result Plants pollen^ ovule (egg) pollination single cell zygote multi-cell embryo (in seed) Animals sperm^ egg^ fertilization^ single cell zygote multi-cell embryo

Sexual Reproduc7on

— Happens 2 ways

— Internally (inside) — The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female — Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders — Externally (outside) — The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female — The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them. — Fish and some amphibians — Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)