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ASNT LEVEL II EXAM NEWEST EXAM 2025 | ALL
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What are the best ways to avoid cold cracking ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------preheating to slow down the cooling rate so less martensite forms post weld heat treat to temper the martensite to make it more ductile What is the roughness average for mechanically polished surfaces? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Below 30 Ra What is the unit of measure for surface roughness? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Roughness average (Ra) What organization determines CFOS? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------CGA G-4.1 (Compressed Gas Association) How can you verify if the material is cleaned for oxygen service? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------by checking the C of C (Certificate of Conformance) or the MTR (Material Test Report) that came with the material
How is a surface electropolished? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- Run the material through a solution, energize it the tube and let it react with the electrolytes in the solution and act as a fine polishing abrasive What is the roughness average of an electro-polished surface --------- CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 1 - 10 Ra, will have a mirror finish How is roughness average measured? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------profilometer How does a profilometer work? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------It has a probe with a diamond tip on the end that when running across a surface it measure the peaks and valleys and gives the average Inert gas on the inner diameter while welding= ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------purging Inert gas on the outer diameter while welding = ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------shielding What gas are we protecting stainless steel from when welding? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------oxygen What gases can be used on stainless steel while welding (except TIG) ------ ---CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Argon, nitrogen, helium
How long is the ASNT Level II good for? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------5 years within the same company What level must a Level I work under? ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------Level II or higher List the five basic joint types in welding. ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Butt joint Tee Joint Lap joint Edge joint Corner joint 5 basic types of welds ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------groove, fillet, slot/plug, spot, and seam What are the possible positions ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- For both groove or fillet weld: 1 (flat) 2 (horizontal) 3 (vertical) 4 (overhead) Pipe: 1 (rolled) 2 (horizontal) 5 (vertical not rolled) 6 (welded at a 45 degree angle)
What causes discoloration on a stainless steel weld? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Oxygen burning on the surface of the material and oxidizing. The oxidation causes the material to corrode faster than normal What causes solidification cracks? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --weld being cooled too quickly and will occur as the weld is cooling longitudinal to the weld Why do cold cracks form? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------cold cracks are caused by a stress factor on the joint that could cause cracking days after the weld has cooled and can occur transversely or longitudinally on the weld What is undercut? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------when the welder was melting the base metal and melted part of it away and did not fill it in completely with the weld puddle. Will always be on the base metal - due to poor welding techniques What is porosity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a void in the weld metal itself, caused by inadequate shielding of the weld puddle. caused by incorrect gas mixture, lack of gas, or bad techniques What is underfill? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------when the surface of the weld extends below the surface of the base metal.
GTAW ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TIG; gas tungsten arc welding OFW ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------oxy fuel welding the three types of currents that can be used while welding --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Direct Current Electrode Negative; Direct Current Electrode Positive; Alternating Current Straight Polarity ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------DCEN; direct current electrode negative Reverse Polarity ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Direct current electrode positive; DCEP Current type depends on ___ for MIG and TIG and ___ for SMAW --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------MIG and TIG depend on type of metal being welded; SMAW depends on what type of electrode you are using Most common SMAW electrode types used ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------E6010 and E What current type do E6010 and E7019 for SMAW use ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------DCEP
What type of current is used for GMAW (MIG) of steel ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------DCEP What type current is used for GTAW when welding stainless steel and carbon steel ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------DCEN What does each number stand for in SMAW electrodes: E60XX = EXX1X= EXXX0= ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------E60XX= tensile strength (ksi) EXX1X= position; 1 is all positions EXXX0= chemical comp of the flux coating of filler metal How does SMAW (stick) work? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Set amps, attach one lead to work piece, other lead has handle, and complete the circuit. Arc melts the base metal and filler metal simultaneously In SMAW what temperature can the arc reach? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------10,000 F In SMAW what creates the shield that protects the weld puddle from bonding with elements in the atmosphere? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Flux coating around the electrode
What nobs can you control on GMAW ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------Voltage and Wire Feed speed What are the 3 main transfer types for MIG (how the metal gets from the filler metal to base metal) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Short- Circuit, Globular, and Spray Transfer Where does the shield metal gas come from in MIG? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------From a separate tank that is sprayed out of the nozzle in the gun In GMAW, what shield gas is used for carbon steel? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------75Ar/25Co What happens when you add Helium or Hydrogen to the shield gas for MIG of carbon steel? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------makes the arc hotter Why is Co2 included in MIG welding of carbon steel? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------it stabilizes the arc What are examples of manual, semi automatic, and automatic GTAW (TIG) welding? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Manual= hand welding with torch Semi= Manually adding filler wire with machine Automatic= orbital welding
Which types of welding do you control the amps? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------SMAW and GTAW How does the TIG process work? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Control amps, 2 leads (one ground, one torch), torch holds tungsten electrode that passes current What is the main difference between GTAW and SMAW ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------In GTAW the tungsten electrode does not melt into the base metal How is the filler wire selected in TIG? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----depends on type of metal welding Describe how orbital welding works. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Same as TIG, but machine has tungsten inside and head revolves around pipe and fuses metal together. It DOES NOT use a filler metal What is OFW? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Oxy Fuel Welding; the first and most basic type of welding What is the set up for OFW ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- acetylene, oxygen (separate tanks), and a torch
What are the 400 series stainless steels? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------duplex stainless; they have a higher iron content and are magnetic What elements give stainless steels their corrosion resistant properties? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Chromium and nickel that create an oxide layer on the surface of the stainless steel What molecule is formed on the outer layer of stainless steels? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------chromium oxide from the air What element can ruin the protective layer on the outside of stainless steels? Why? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------carbon because it binds with chromium to create chromium-carbides that are less resistant to chemical attack When chromium-carbides form on the outer layer of stainless steels what chemicals will cause the material to corrode? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------chlorides and acids (think stress corrosion cracking) Why should gloves be worn when handling stainless steel? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Oils on your hands can cause contamination and if it is in a weld zone it can burn and cause discoloration of the tubing How much chromium is in stainless steels to provide the protective layer? -- -------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------10.5 - 12 wt%
What are the five basic types of stainless steels? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 200 - 300 = austenitic some 400s = ferritic balance of 400s = martensitic duplex precipitation hardening How are austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steels determined? ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------their metallurigcal structure at room temperature 300 stainless steels are known for ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- their nonmagnetic, good toughness and ductility at elevated and low temps, they have the best general corrosion resistance of all SS what are ferritic stainless steels knows for ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------better resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion than austenitic, also ferro-magnetic, has a BCC structure; less resistant to corrosion what are martensitic stainless steels known for ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------higher levels of carbon with very high strength; BCC structure, quenched; used often when hardness is critical what are austenite stainless steels known for ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------FCC structure, their nonmagnetic, good toughness and ductility at elevated and low temps, they have the best general corrosion resistance of all SS, higher Ni content
what type of corrosion in SS occurs because of a local segregation of corrosion resistant elements in the material ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------pitting corrosion how are pitting and crevice corrosion mitigated? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------the addition of molybdenum and nickel (ex. 316L is a modification to 304L but with 2-3% Mo added) Most SS have matching filler metals; find the pair 304L = 316L = ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------304L = E308L or ER308L 316L = E316L or ER316L what type of corrosion occurs from welding two different types of materials with different corrosion resistant properties together ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------galvanic corrosion what are methods to decrease likelihood of lack of penetration? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------decrease travel speed increase weld current change joint design (such as decrease weld root face or land thickness) and in SS** the main factor is amount of sulfur (more sulfur creates a shorter width and deeper penetration) the phenomenon produced because sulfur is a surface active element that segregates to the surface of the weld pool causing a change in surface tension and results in an inward fluid flow ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------Surface Tension Fluid Flow
How much sulfur is required in SS to prevent Surface Tension Fluid Flow? - --------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------0.005% minimum what type of cracks form in SS when there is a fast travel speed? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------centerline cracks what type of cracks form in SS when the crater of the weld is not filled properly ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------crater cracks when do hot cracks form? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------when the weld is still hot and before it has cooled to room temperature what causes hot cracks? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------tensile stress crack susceptible microstructure (austenite), contaminants (especially sulfur, phosphorous, titanium, niobium) how to reduce hot cracking in SS ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- use stringer beads reduce travel speed use high-ferrite base metal and/or filler use materials with low contaminants fill all craters reduce tensile stress (change joint design) avoid long arc lengths (introduces more N2 which makes it more austenite)
what's another term for convexity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- excessive reinforcement what are the most common weld types that cause slag inclusions? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------SMAW and FCAW how do you identify slag inclusions? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----RT and UT only what is a hi-lo gauge ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------it detects misalignment what are the only tools for inspection of stainless ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------flashlight, mirror, hi-lo gauge what are types of destructive tests? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---bend, tensile, peel, charpy v-notch test what is the common code book we refer to here? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code what does "shall", "should", and "may" mean? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------"shall"= required "should"=strong suggestion "may"= if you want to, but do not have to
Chapter V of ASME B31.3 Process Piping ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection - tells contractors how the piping needs to be installed and good info for the inspector Chapter VI of ASME B31.3 ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Inspection, Examination, and Testing- extent of required examination for certain fluid service designations, the weld acceptance criteria for those designations and pressure testing requirements What are the fluid service designations for AMSE B31.3? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Normal Fluid Service (NFS), Cat D, Cat M, Severe Cyclic Conditions, High Pressure Service, and High Purity Service In ASME 31.3 who is the inspector and who is the examiner? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Examiner is the contractor's responsibility and the inspector is the owner's What does a WPS, PQR, and WPQ stand for? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------WPS= Weld Procedure Specification PQR= Procedure Qualification Record WPQ= Welder Performance Qualification What is a WPS? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a procedure that has been tested and written to perform a specific weld on a certain metal
