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In conclusion, students' critical thinking skills have been well applied in argumentative essay writing. Key Words: Critical thinking, Argumentative essay, ...
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( A Descriptive Quantitative Study of The Fifth Semester Students TBI at IAIN Bengkulu Academic Year 2018/2019)
THESIS Submitted as a Partial Requirements for Sarjana Degree in English Education Program
By: DESTRI HASTIARI SRN :
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MOTTO
“Allah mencintai pekerjaan yang apabila bekerja ia
menyelesaikannya dengan baik”. ( HR. Thabrani )
-The writer-
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Alhamdulillahirabbil'alamin, After going through a long stage in the recovery process at IAIN Bengkulu. I can complete the final assignment in the form of this thesis by threatening the help of Allah SWT. This thesis I present to:
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Destri Hastiarti (2019). Assessing Students’ Critical Thinking in Essay Writing ( A Descriptive Quantitative Study of The Fifth Semester Students TBI at IAIN Bengkulu Academic Year 2018/2019). Thesis. English Education Study Program, Tarbiyah and Tadris Faculty, State of Institute Islamic Bengkulu. Advisor I: Dr. Zubaedi, M.Ag.,M.Pd Advisor II: Feny Martina, M.Pd This research was conducted in the fifth semester of TBI IAIN Bengkulu. The problem discussed in this study is to assess the way students think critically. The ability to think critically is very important for students to gain since it could assist them in solving problems. Critical thinking requires looking at an issue from several standpoints before reaching a final decision. One of the ways to teach critical thinking is through writing, especially argumentative writing. All the processes in writing an argumentative essay require the writer to think Critically. Regarding the importance of critical thinking in writing argumentative essays, students are the most appropriate subjects in this study. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with research subjects of 30 English students with data collection instruments in the form of writing tests and interviews. Based on the result of the test, a part of the students’ score had reached the criteria of success set, showed there were three (3) students in critical thinking categorized into excellent, fourteen (14) students in critical thinking categorized into very good, there were nine (9) students in critical thinking categorized into good, and there were four (4) into poor. In conclusion, students' critical thinking skills have been well applied in argumentative essay writing. Key Words: Critical thinking, Argumentative essay, University students.
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Destri Hastiarti (2019). Assessing Students’ Critical Thinking in Essay Writing ( A Descriptive Quantitative Study of The Fifth Semester Students TBI at IAIN Bengkulu Academic Year 2018/2019) Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Tadris, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bengkulu. Pembimbing I: Dr.Zubaedi, M.Ag.,M.Pd Pembimbing II: Feny Martina, M.Pd Penelitian ini dilakukan di semester lima TBI IAIN Bengkulu. Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah menilai cara berfikir kritis siswa. Kemampuan berpikir kritis sangat penting bagi siswa karena bisa membantu mereka dalam memecahkan masalah. Berpikir kritis memerlukan melihat masalah dari beberapa sudut pandang sebelum mencapai keputusan akhir. Salah satu cara untuk mengajarkan berpikir kritis adalah melalui menulis terutama menulis argumentatif. Semua proses dalam menulis sebuah esai argumentatif mengharuskan penulis untuk berpikir kritis. Mengenai pentingnya berpikir kritis dalam menulis esai argumentatif, mahasiswa adalah subyek yang paling tepat dalam studi ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan subjek penelitian 30 mahasiswa bahasa inggris dengan instrument pengambilan data berupa tes menulis dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil tes, sebagian dari skor siswa telah mencapai kriteria keberhasilan yang ditetapkan, menunjukkan ada tiga (3) siswa dalam berpikir kritis dikategorikan menjadi sangat baik, empat belas (14) siswa dalam berpikir kritis dikategorikan sangat baik. , ada sembilan (9) siswa yang berpikir kritis dikategorikan baik, dan ada empat (4) rendah. Kesimpulannya, kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa telah diterapkan dengan baik dalam penulisan esai argumentatif. Kata Kunci : Berfikir Kritis, Argumentative essay, Mahasiswa.
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The researcher realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect. The reseacher hopes that this thesis is useful for the researcher in particular and the readers in general. Wassalaumu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
Bengkulu, 2019 The reseacher
Destri Hastiari 1516230130
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A. Background of Study In the modern era, students are required to have extraordinary knowledge and higher order thinking skills, which are called critical thinking skills. Critical thinking is one of the important goals of education. It is an ability that is essential for life and functions effectively in all aspects of life. Based on Hashemi, Critical thinking is a high-level thinking skill and plays a role in moral, social, mental, cognitive, and scientific development.^1 According to Liliasari, Critical thinking skills are basic assets or intellectual capital that are very important for everyone and are a fundamental part of human maturity^2. So, the ability to think critically can be used by students in express the opinions of others who are the same or different. In the learning process, the classroom environment must be far more active. In this way, critical thinking is created. Because higher- order thinking skills are increasingly needed to reach knowledge-based students, it is the teacher's responsibility to help their students acquire (^1) Hashemi, Naderi, E., Shariatmadari, A., Naraghi, M.S., and Mehrabi, M., Science Production In Iranian Educational System By The Use Of CriticalThinking. International Journal of Instruction. 2 2004, 3 (5), 121- Liliasari, Model Pembelajaran IPA untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Calon Guru Sebagai Kecenderungan Baru pada Era Globalisasi. Jurnal Pengajaran MIPA. 2001, 2 (1), 55-
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their opinion about the problem that they agree or disagree^6. In argumentative essays, the writers must expand reasons to espouse their point of view, and also state the problem of opposing reasons as evidence of the false ones. It aims to make a judgment for all problems because it shows that the author is reasonable and open-minded. All processes in constructing argumentative essays require writers to think critically. Regarding the importance of critical thinking in argumentative essays, students are the most appropriate subjects of this study. As stated by Murtadho, the most appropriate language skills that can be developed by students through critical thinking are writing skills because writing consists of several problems that arise, data about the problem and analysis or evaluation that directs the problem into effective solutions^7. So, This study attempts to know the students in critical thinking trought Argumentative essay writing. This test asks students to form a statement of their position, including clarification, Argument, Summing up the position of their reasons for taking that position and the last a title. Regarding students' critical thinking skills in relation to (^6) Oshima., & David Y, GO and COME revisited: What serves as a reference point? In Proceedings of BLS, 7 South African Journal of Education, 2006,32 (6), 45- Murtandho, F, Berfikir Kritis dan Strategi Metakognisi: Alternatif Sarana Pengoptimalan Latihan Argumentasi. 2nd International Seminar on Quality and Affordable Education (ISQAE 2013)
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their writing skills, the problem was found at the same opportunity as the reseacher attending the writing. In the fourth semester of TBI IAIN Bengkulu Academic students in 2018/2019.
Regarding students' critical thinking skills in relation to their writing skills, the problem was found on the same occasion when the reseacher made observation in one of the English department at IAIN Bengkulu. At that time, the problem was found when students took the midterm test. They were instructed to write essays based on the topic given by their lecturers at that time. Topics must be developed and written according to argumentative essays. So, before writing, students had to determine in advance what the topic of the argumentative essay. Then students did asked to developed the contents of the texs. However, some students did only able to write 5-7 sentences. Thus, researcher was find some problems, what are the factors students unable to think critically^8.
In addition to critical thinking ability and its relation to the craft of writing, some studies have revealed and found that the critical thinking ability has some relationships with the language proficiency and has some effects to the writing ability (Rosyati Abdul Rashid and Rosna Awang Hasyim, 2008; Nader Assadi, Hanief Davatgar, and Parinaz Jafari, 2013; M M Grosser and Mirna Nel, 2013; Samaneh
(^8) Observation in English Department IAIN Bengkulu, observed on March 17th (^2019)
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B. Identification Problem From the background of the research, the researcher determines the statement of the problem as follow :
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D. Research Question Based on the identification of problem above, the formulations of research question is how is students ability in critical thinking viewed from argumentative essay? E. Significant of study The result of this study is expected to provide some significance to the following persons:
Next, Critical thinking is disciplined, self-directed thinking which exemplifies the perfections of thinking appropriate to a particular mode or domain of thought^11 Furthermore, Critical thinking in education, defined critical thinking as ―active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusions to which it tends.^12 In other words, to think critically one should logically consider the matter found investigating as well as making interpretation, and evaluating the weakness and the strength of the matters found. To sum up, based on the definition and explanation above, critical thinking may be regarded as an art or ability as well as an activity employing mind to think of, to criticize, to analyze, to disciplined and to evaluate people or things carefully, not only the bad side but the positive side of them as well. Besides, it is conducted through a series of processes started from investigating ideas to making a judgement of the strength of the meaning of the ideas.
(^11) Paul, R., and Linda, E.,The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts and Tools‖. www.criticalthinking.org 12 2014 Dewey, J, Experience and Education. In J. A. Boydston (Ed.), The Later Works of John Dewey 1925-1953‖, International Journal of Language Academy, 2003, 8 (7), 271-292.
B. Components of Critical Thinking Component of Critical Thinking is Cognitive. Cognitive skill is a mental activity to obtain knowledge.^13 which resulted some consensus related to critical thinking), the critical thinking cognitively encompasses some skills and sub skills which are acknowledged by the Delphi experts presented in Table 2.1 as follows: Table 2. Consensus List of Critical Thinking Cognitive Skills and Sub Skills^14
No Skills Sub Skills Example
To make a detection and description of someone’s question purposes; to make an appreciation of a certain gesture in a socialsituation provided; to
(^13) Solso, R. L., Maclin, O.H., & Maclin, M.K, Psikologi Kognitif. Jakarta:Erlangga. 2007 (^14) Peter. A. Facione, Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction , Millbrae: The California Academic Press. 1990
