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Project Planning and Estimation: Assignment Answer Key, Exams of Project Management

This answer key covers the planning performance domain, focusing on delivery and estimation in project management. It defines key terms like estimate, accuracy, precision, crashing, fast tracking, and budget. It also explores the work breakdown structure (WBS), project scope statements, control accounts, and work packages. Various estimation techniques are covered, including analogous, parametric, and three-point estimating, along with related formulas and concepts like activity lists and duration estimation. The assignment includes exercises to calculate estimated activity durations and project duration estimates using statistical methods. This resource enhances understanding of project planning and estimation.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/19/2025

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Assignment 13 Planning Performance Domain Part 1 Delivery and Estimation
Answer Key 188 Total Points
1. Define the key terms estimate, accuracy, precision, crashing, fast tracking, and
budget within this domain. (18)
Estimate
-
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome of a variable, such as
project costs, resources, effort, or durations.
Accuracy
-
Within the quality management system, accuracy is an assessment of correctness.
Precision
-
Within the quality management system, precision is an assessment of exactness.
Crashing
-
A method used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by
adding resources.
Fast Tracking
-
A schedule compression method in which activities or phases normally done in
sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
Budget
-
The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure (WBS)
component or any schedule activity.
2. Define a Work Breakdown Structure (6)
The WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by
the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.
-
The WBS organizes and defines the total scope of the project, and represents the
work specified in the current approved project scope statement.
-
The WBS is not a management organizational chart, rather it shows how the work
of a project is to be organized
3. List seven things included in a Project Scope Statement? (7)
Project goals
Product description
Project requirements (at a high level)
Project constraints
Project Assumptions
Risks related to the scope
Objective criteria for accepting the product
4. What is a Control Account? (4)
A Control Account is a management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and
schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement.
5. What is a work package? (4)
A Work Package is the work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure
for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.
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Assignment 13 – Planning Performance Domain Part 1 Delivery and Estimation Answer Key – 188 Total Points

1. Define the key terms estimate, accuracy, precision, crashing, fast tracking, and budget within this domain. (18) Estimate - A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome of a variable, such as project costs, resources, effort, or durations. Accuracy - Within the quality management system, accuracy is an assessment of correctness. Precision - Within the quality management system, precision is an assessment of exactness. Crashing - A method used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources. Fast Tracking - A schedule compression method in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration. Budget - The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure (WBS) component or any schedule activity. 2. Define a Work Breakdown Structure (6) The WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables. - The WBS organizes and defines the total scope of the project, and represents the work specified in the current approved project scope statement. - The WBS is not a management organizational chart, rather it shows how the work of a project is to be organized 3. List seven things included in a Project Scope Statement? (7) - Project goals - Product description - Project requirements (at a high level) - Project constraints - Project Assumptions - Risks related to the scope - Objective criteria for accepting the product 4. What is a Control Account? (4) A Control Account is a management control point where scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared to earned value for performance measurement. 5. What is a work package? (4) A Work Package is the work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.

6. List a least 5 items that may be included in a WBS Dictionary. (5)

  • Code of account identifier
  • Description of work
  • Organization or person accountable for the work
  • List of schedule milestones
  • Activities associated with the milestones
  • Required resources
  • Cost estimates
  • Quality requirements
  • Acceptance criteria
  • Technical references
  • Agreement information 7. Define decomposition. (4) ● Decomposition is subdividing each of the higher-level elements into more detailed and refined elements. ● Decomposition is hierarchical ● Decomposition stops when the lowest-level deliverable is reached. 8. Define accuracy with respect to estimating. (4) Accuracy refers to the correctness of an estimate. Accuracy is linked to range in that the lower the accuracy, the larger the potential range of values. An estimate at the start of the project will have less accuracy than one that is developed halfway through the project. 9. Define precision with respect to estimating. (4) Precision refers to the degree of exactness associated with the estimate. For example, an estimate of 2 days is more precise than "sometime this week." 10. True or false. The smaller the range the more imprecise the estimate. (2) False. 11. What are the three factors associated with a probabilistic estimate? (6)
  • A point estimate with a range
  • A Statement of confidence
  • A probability distribution 12. What is an activity list? (4) The activity list is a comprehensive list that includes all schedule activities required on the project. 13. List at least 6 attributes of an activity on an activity list. (6)
  • Activity identifier or code
  • Activity name
  • Activity description
  • When estimating durations, this technique relies on the actual duration of previous, similar projects as the basis for estimating the duration of the current project
  • It is a gross value estimating approach, sometimes adjusted for known differences in project complexity
  • Analogous duration estimating is frequently used to estimate project duration when there is a limited amount of detailed information about the project 18. What is a parametric estimating? (6) ● Parametric estimating is an estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters ● Parametric estimating uses a statistical relationship between historical data and other variables (e.g., square footage in construction) to calculate an estimate for activity parameters, such as cost, budget, and duration. 19. Describe two ways that an estimator might create a parametric estimate. (4) ● Regression Analysis (scatter diagrams)
  • This diagram tracks two variables to see if they are related and create a mathematical formula to use in future estimates ● Learning curve 20. List two reasons why people don’t use one-point analysis. (4) ● People usually pad their estimates ● It hides important information about risk and uncertainty from the project manager ● It often results in a schedule that no one believes in ● If actual estimate is off the estimator’s reputation may be sullied ● Estimators often work against the project manager to try to protect themselves 21. Define the three-estimates made in three-point estimating. (6)Most likely (M) - This estimate is based on the duration of the activity, given the resources likely to be assigned, their productivity, realistic expectations of availability for the activity, dependencies on other participants, and interruptions. ● Optimistic (O) - The activity duration based on analysis of the best-case scenario for the activity ● Pessimistic (P) - The activity duration based on analysis of the worst-case scenario for the activity 22. What is the formula for estimated activity duration (EAD) when using the beta distribution? (4) EAD = (O + 4M + P) / 6

23. What is the formula for the standard deviation when using the beta distribution? (4) σ = (P- O)/ 24. What are management reserves? (6) ● Management reserves are a specified amount of the project duration withheld for management control purposes and are reserved for unforeseen work that is within scope of the project - Management reserves are intended to address the “ unknown-unknowns ” that can affect a project - Management reserve is not included in the schedule baseline, but it is part of the overall project duration requirements 25. Complete the following Table: (36 points) Activity P M O EAD STD Deviation (σ) Variance Range of the Estimate A 35 25 22 26.167 2.167 4.696 24.000 to 28. B 77 70 60 69.500 2.833 8.027 66.667 to 72. C 40 20 12 22.000 4.667 21.781 17.333 to 26. 26. Complete the following table based on the activities in question 11 above. ( points)