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BHU Entrance: Cognitive Psychology Syllabus on Perception, Emotion, Motivation, Research, Exams of Psychology

An overview of the Psychology syllabus for the BHU entrance exam. It covers various topics including the history and emergence of psychology, cognitive psychology, sensation and perception, emotion and motivation, and research methodology. The document also includes practical exercises and assessments for each topic.

Typology: Exams

2020/2021

Uploaded on 07/03/2021

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PSYCHOLOGY SYLLABUS BHU ENTRANCE
1
1.
HISTORY AND EMERGENCE
INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction: Psychology as a scientific study of behaviour.
2. Biological and socio-cultural bases of behaviour.
3. Applications of psychology.
HUMAN
BEHAVIOUR
1. Introduction: Concept of
culture; cross
-
cultural and cultural psychology; socio
-
biological and eco-cultural approaches; ethnocentrism and multiculturalism.
2. Methods of study: Observation, survey and experimentation; choice of
measuring instruments; quantification of qualitative data; sampling and
comparability issues.
3. Sensation and perception: Sensory preferences; colour and depth perception;
interpreting patterns and pictures; perception of time.
4. Culture and intelligence: Meaning of intelligence; psychometric and cultural
approaches, interpreting intelligence test scores; deficit and difference
hypotheses; biological and cultural factors in intelligence.
5. Culture and emotion: Similarities and differences in emotions; physiological
arousal and evaluations, experience and expression of emotions; emotion and
judgment.
PRACTICAL
a. Colour /Depth perception
b. Perception of emotions
APPLIED
PSYCHOLOGY
1. Introduction: Nature and fields.
2. Psychology in industries and organizations: Personnel selection; job analysis;
fatigue and accidents; advertising and consumer behaviour.
3. Psychology in education: School as an agent of socialization. Factors influencing
school achievement. Exceptional children: Problems and remedial measures.
4. Psychology and mental health: Symptoms and causes of anxiety disorders and
schizophrenia, mental retardation. Anti-social behaviour: Crime and delinquency.
5. Psychology and social behaviour: Prejudice and stereotypes; conflict and its
resolution.
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1. HISTORY AND EMERGENCE

INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction: Psychology as a scientific study of behaviour.

  1. Biological and socio-cultural bases of behaviour.
  2. Applications of psychology. CULTURE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
  3. Introduction: Concept of culture; cross-cultural and cultural psychology; socio- biological and eco-cultural approaches; ethnocentrism and multiculturalism.
  4. Methods of study: Observation, survey and experimentation; choice of measuring instruments; quantification of qualitative data; sampling and comparability issues.
  5. Sensation and perception: Sensory preferences; colour and depth perception; interpreting patterns and pictures; perception of time.
  6. Culture and intelligence: Meaning of intelligence; psychometric and cultural approaches, interpreting intelligence test scores; deficit and difference hypotheses; biological and cultural factors in intelligence.
  7. Culture and emotion: Similarities and differences in emotions; physiological arousal and evaluations, experience and expression of emotions; emotion and judgment. PRACTICAL a. Colour /Depth perception b. Perception of emotions APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
  8. Introduction: Nature and fields.
  9. Psychology in industries and organizations: Personnel selection; job analysis; fatigue and accidents; advertising and consumer behaviour.
  10. Psychology in education: School as an agent of socialization. Factors influencing school achievement. Exceptional children: Problems and remedial measures.
  11. Psychology and mental health: Symptoms and causes of anxiety disorders and schizophrenia, mental retardation. Anti-social behaviour: Crime and delinquency.
  12. Psychology and social behaviour: Prejudice and stereotypes; conflict and its resolution.

1.2. LEARNING AND MEMORY

COGNITIVE 1. Introduction: Nature, themes and emergence of cognitive psychology. Cognitive neuroscience.

  1. Mental imagery: Categories of mental images, mental manipulation of images, spatial cognition and cognitive maps.
  2. Verbal learning: Nature and materials, determinants; Methods – paired associate learning, serial learning, free recall
  3. Memory processes: Encoding, storage and retrieval; traditional models and levels of processing model of memory. Forgetting in memory. Constructive nature of memory.
  4. Problem solving and creativity: Typology of problem, approaches, problem solution: Algorithms, heuristics. Factors affecting problem solving. Creativity: Concept and nature. PRACTICAL a. Memory process a. Problem solving LEARNING Learning and memory: Classical and instrumental conditioning: Components, procedures and types; schedules of reinforcement. MEMORY Memory: Sensory, short-term and long-term memory; forgetting and its causes.

1.3. EMOTION, MOTIVATION AND INDIVIDIAL DIFFERENCES

EMOTION Emotion and Motivation: Nature of emotion; autonomic, expressive and cognitive components. Theories of emotion: James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter-Singer and Lazarus. MOTIVATION Motivation: Nature and types; need hierarchy model. ID Individual differences: Personality: Trait and type approaches; assessment of personality. Intelligence: Structure and measurement. FOUNDATION OF PERSONALITY

  1. Personality: Concept and definitions; traits, types, determinants and assessment.
  2. Basics of psychoanalysis: Concept of unconscious, defences, slips and inferiority complex.
  3. Understanding self: Self-concept and its components; self-concept discrepancy and consequences.
  4. Disorders of personality: Types of disorders and treatment approaches.
  5. Personality change: Behaviouristic and social learning models. PRACTICAL 1. Effect of knowledge on performance.
  6. Span of apprehension.
  7. Perceptual organization
  8. Maze learning: Human.
  9. Trial and error: Finger-maze.
  10. Zeigarnik Effect.
  11. Serial position effect
  12. Memory span of digits and words.
  13. Test of Personality
  14. Test of intelligence-Verbal

3. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY AND

STATISTICS

  1. Experimental method: Steps involved in experimentation; Problem, hypothesis and Variables; Types and control of variables.
  2. Experimental design: Meaning and purpose; Single group design - Pre- and post-measurements. Between subjects designs - Randomized, matched groups and factorial designs.
  3. Statistics and its applications in psychology: Frequency distributions and graphical representation of data. Descriptive statistics - mean, median, mode, range, quartile deviation and standard deviation
  4. Hypothesis testing: Significance of difference between two means, standard deviations, and correlations; One-way ANOVA
  5. Normal probability curve: Properties and applications, correlations: Product - moment and rank difference; regression and prediction. PRACTICAL 1. Formulation of an experiment using single group design.
  6. Formulation of an experiment using between group design Random group design with two groups).
  7. Formulation of an experiment using between group design (Random group design with more than two groups)
  8. Formulation of an experiment using two way factorial designs.
  9. Formulation of a 3-way factorial design (with an outline of ANOVA summary table)
  10. Use of descriptive statistics in analysing experimental data
  11. Analysis of the data obtained in randomized groups design with two groups using suitable statistics.
  12. Analysis of the data obtained in randomized groups design with more than two groups 9. Verification of the normality assumption of ANOVA.
  13. Verification of the assumption of equality of variance (SD)/correlation by ‘t’-test. PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND ASSESSMENT
  14. Overview of psychological test. Administration, scoring and interpretation of tests.
  15. Basic psychometric concepts: Test construction and item analysis. Reliability and validity: Meaning and types. Norms.
  16. Assessment of ability and aptitude: Basic concept and theories. Tests of intelligence and aptitude: Stanford Binet (4th ed.), and Wechsler Intelligence scales; differential aptitude test.
  17. Personality assessment: Approaches to personality assessment - psychometric and projective. Important measures of personality - MMPI, NEO-FFI, Rorschach and TAT.
  18. Statistics in psychological testing: Correlation techniques –Biserial, point- biserial, tetrachoric, phi-coefficient, contingency coefficient.

4. BIOPSYCHOLOGY

  1. Foundations of Neurophysiology: Structure and functions of nerve cells and glial cells, nerve impulse and synaptic transmission.
  2. Central nervous system: The spinal cord, the hind brain, the midbrain and the forebrain.
  3. Peripheral nervous system : Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, the autonomic nervous system
  4. Sensory systems: The visual system, the auditory system and the somatosensory system.
  5. Methods of Neurophysiology: Computer modelling, anatomical, lesion, stimulation genetic manipulations, Functional neurosurgery, electrical and magnetic signals. a. Physiological correlates of emotion b. Assessment of hemispheric asymmetry

5. I/O PSYCHOLOGY

ORGANISATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR

  1. Introduction: Historical development; concept of organization; elements of organizational structure; scope of organizational behaviour.
  2. Motivation and job satisfaction: Major theories; content and process; (Adams, Maslow, Vroom, Herzberg). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation; incentive systems - Job satisfaction; concept and determinants.
  3. Leadership: Functions and approaches; trait, behavioural and contingency models; characteristics of successful leaders; role of power in leadership.
  4. Communication: Communication process- types of communication; communication channels and networks; barriers to communication.
  5. Group behaviour and conflict: Defining and classifying groups; stages of group development; concept, causes and consequences of conflicts; methods of conflict resolution. PRACTICAL a. Leadership b. Job satisfaction /Work motivation HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
  6. Introduction : Concepts and nature of human resource management; foundation and functions of human resource management. 2. Employees Selection: selection process and methods; job analysis, biographical information; interviews; references and letters of recommendation; psychological testing; types of psychological tests 3. Training and development: Scope and goals of training programmes; training needs analysis; training methods. 4. Performance management : Nature and methods. Performance appraisal for managers; biases in performance appraisal; post-appraisal interview. 5. Stress in the workplace: Occupational health; work-family conflicts; causes and of stress at the workplace; management of stress. PRACTICAL 2. Human Resource Management a. Occupational health b. Performance appraisal/Job analysis

7. CLINICAL AND COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY

BEHAVIOURAL

DISORDER

  1. Concept of normality and abnormality, general causes of psychopathology. Classification of psychopathology: Multi-axial approach (DSM - IV-TR).
  2. Disorders of childhood: Mental retardation, autism, ADHD.
  3. Anxiety disorder: Panic, phobic, obsessive compulsive, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder.
  4. Psychotic disorders: Schizophrenia and mood disorders, delusional disorders.
  5. Personality disorders: Antisocial, paranoid personality disorder. PRACTICAL a. Anxiety (State, trait and free floating anxieties) b. Depression PSYCHOLOGY OF ADJUSTMENT
  6. The adjustment process: Nature and characteristics; Basic principles of adjustment; Scientific approach to adjustment; Characteristics of satisfactory adjustment.
  7. Areas of adjustment: Family, school and college adjustment; friendship and peer relations; marital adjustment; occupational adjustment.
  8. Factors affecting adjustment: Organic factors, family dynamics, developmental, social, economic and cultural factors.
  9. Factors leading to maladjustment: Stress, anxiety and conflict; coping with stress, preventing maladjustment; improving adjustment.
  10. Psychosexual adjustment: Attitude toward love, sex, and marriage – psychological and physiological factors. Interpersonal relationships. PRACTICAL a. Assessment of adjustment b. Assessment of anxiety GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
  11. Guidance and counselling: Nature, principles and goals, adjustment problems and counselling needs of children and adolescents.
  12. Assessment for guidance and counselling: intelligence, aptitude, interest and personality testing.
  13. Basic counselling skills: building rapport, demonstrating empathy, observing. Listening; organizing guidance programmes.
  14. Types of guidance & counselling: personal, social, educational, career, & for children with different abilities.
  15. Individual and group guidance; Ethical considerations. PRACTICAL a. Personality assessment b. Assessment of aptitude CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
  16. Clinical Psychology: Historical development, nature and scope. Diagnosis: Meaning and nature, differential diagnosis.
  17. Diagnostic assessment and clinical tools: Interview, case study, behavioural assessment and psychological tests.
  18. Clinical utility of psychological tests: Tests of intelligence- Stanford Binet (IV Ed). WAISIII, personality tests - MMPI - 2, NEO - FFI, TAT and Rorschach,
  19. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy : Person centred therapy, and group therapy
  20. Nature and rationale of systematic desensitization, aversion, modelling, rational emotive therapies. PRACTICAL a. Mental status examination b. Rorschach inkblot /TAT