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Class: ASTR - Astronomy; Subject: Astronomy; University: University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh; Term: Forever 1989;
Typology: Quizzes
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Shorter wavelengths TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 Photoelectric effect TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 The photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them. TERM 4
DEFINITION 4
DEFINITION 5 A longer wavelength
A shorter wavelength TERM 7
DEFINITION 7
DEFINITION 8 A small packet of energy TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 increases TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 decreases
A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies.Much like fingerprints.Tells us info about what the sun is made out of. TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Each chemical element produces its own set of spectral lines1. Added chemical substances to a flame2. Send light from flame through narrow slit, then through prism3. Bright lines in the spectrum show that the substance emits light at specific wavelengths onlySaw a pattern of light lines against a dark background (individual spectral lines) Not a rainbow like the sun. TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.(Brightness of a star) -COOLER stars tend to look RED- WARMER stars tend to look WHITE/ YELLOW-HOT stars tend to look BLUE TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 -A hot opaque body, such as a perfect black body, or a hot, dense gas, produces a CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM (a complete rainbow of colors without any spectral lines)-hot, dense gas (A STAR) mostly produces a continuous spectrum (a nice bright rainbow) TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 -A hot, TRANSPARENT gas (thin, can see through it) that gives us an EMISSION SPECTRUM. (a series of bright spectral lines against a dark background).
ABSORPTION LINE SPECTRUM.-Has a continuous source-A hot object passes its light through a cooler gas, and some of that energy is absorbed out of the spectrum.-You see a bright background (because of thecontinuoussource) the lines have been absorbed out so we see dark lines. TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 A complete rainbow, NO spectral lines. TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 Bright spectral lines against a dark background TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 A bright background with dark spectral lines TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 Emission (dealing with a hot gas)
Emission spectrum.-We see stars against the dark background of space.-Hot stars heat the gas, which then produces the light.-Reddish light comes from hydrogen gas. TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 The Doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave (or other periodic event) for an observer moving relative to its source. TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 moving towards longer wavelengths. TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 moving towards shorter wavelengths. TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.
The orbital period is the time taken for a given object to make one complete orbit around another object. TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 A sidereal year is the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun once with respect to the fixed stars. TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 -Shape of the Earth-Earth's shadow is curved-Traveling south will reveal stars not previously seen TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 On the Sizes and Distances (of the Sun and Moon)-Compared size of Earth's shadow to size of the moon-Found that the sun is bigger than the moon-Said that the sun is the center of the solar system TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 -The sun's rays are parallel-At noon on summer solstice, no shadows cast at Syene, but shadows in Alexandria.
The displacement of an object due to the motion of the observer. TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 -Used Tycho's ideas and analyzed them-Created a new set of laws for planetary motion TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 -all planets orbit the sun in a path that resembles an ellipse, with the sun being located at one of the foci of that ellipse. TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 -The law of equal areas-The speed at which any given planet will move while orbiting the sun-A planet moves fastest when it is closest to the sun and slower when it is further from the sun TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 -The law of harmonies-Makes a comparison between the motion characteristics of different planets-ratio of the squares of the periods to the cubes of their average distances from the sun is the same for every one of the planets
-Invented calculus (math system to explain things that he could not) TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 -Did not invent the telescope, but recorded his observations and published what he did (Gets all credit for the telescope)-Used the telescope to view things and he saw craters and mountains on the moon (showed that the moon was not a perfect circle so it does not have a perfect orbit)-Viewed the sun (bad because it is too bright, lost his sight because of this)-Sun has sunspots (Not a perfect sphere). Sunspots moved, sun also rotates.-Milky way is a band of stars (not fuzzy light). TERM 53
DEFINITION 53 -Goes through phases-As it goes through phases, the lit up sides get smaller-This means that it gets further away from Earth in its orbit-Venus can be seen during the day because it is so bright TERM 54
DEFINITION 54 -Galileo discovered that Jupiter has 4 moons-SMALLER objects revolve around LARGER objects-Jupiter and its moons act like a mini solar system-Makes sense that the sun is the center instead of the Earth because the sun bigger TERM 55
DEFINITION 55 The law of INERTIA-Continues in motion of a straight line at a constant speed-Our planets do not move in a straight line
The reaction law-For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction-The sun is exerting a force on each planet to keep it in orbit, each planet must also be exerting a force on the sun TERM 62
DEFINITION 62 (Gravity)-Any two objects exert gravitational forces on each other-if one mass of one object is increased, the force is increased as well-if distance between two objects is increased, the force decreases-distance gets closer, the force goes up TERM 63
DEFINITION 63
DEFINITION 64 -Light has a finite speed (3.00x10^8 meters/s)-Proved when looking at Jupiter's moons-Noticed that sometimes eclipses happened sooner, and sometimes later-This had to do with where Earth was in relation to Jupiter TERM 65
DEFINITION 65 -Carries energy-has colors
-Discovered that light has colors-Shining a white light/ sun light through a prism revealed a spectrum of colors (rainbow)-The rainbow is due to light itself, not the prism TERM 67
DEFINITION 67 -Light has a wave-like nature-When you shine a monochromatic color you see a distinct pattern of light/dark/light/dark lines if you project it on a screen (This is a property of waves)-We can reproduce this with water waves-As the light goes through the two slits, it bends TERM 68
DEFINITION 68 Where light waves from the two slits reinforce each other TERM 69
DEFINITION 69 Where light waves from the two slits cancel each other
