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Astronomy Exam 3 SBCC With Correct Answers
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NEOs - ANSWER Near Earth Objects-- A small solar system body with an orbit nearenough to earth that is poses some threat of collision
Alvarez Team - ANSWER Hypothesis that the extinction of the dinosares was caused bythe impact of a large asteroid on earth 65 million years ago
Gene Shoemaker - ANSWER A founder of the field of planetary science-- Discoveredshocked quartz
Meteor - ANSWER A small bit of matter heated by friction to emit a light from the heat asit falls into earths atmosphere
Meteorite - ANSWER A meteor that survives its passage through the atmosphere &strikes the ground
Meteoriod - ANSWER A meteor in space before it enters the earths atmosphere Meteor Showers - ANSWER A display of meteors that appear to come from one point inthe sky.
Lagrangiah Points - ANSWER -Developed by Pierce L -One of the 5 pints in the plane of orbit of one body around another (Ex moon and earth)at which the 3rd body can remain stationary in respect to both.
Trojan Asteroids - ANSWER An asteroid belonging to one of the two groups that orbit
the sun at the same distance as Jupiter Kuiper Belt - ANSWER The collection of icy objects orbiting in a region from just beyondneptune out to 50 AU and more
Asteroids - ANSWER Small rocky worlds.Most asteroids orbit Mars & Jupiter in the asteroid belt
Comets - ANSWER Small icy bodies that orbit the sun and produce tails of gas and dustwhen they approach the sun
Tunguska Event - ANSWER -A large explosion caused by an asteroid or comet whichoccurred near Podkaeemya river in Rusia. -1980 Central Siberia- Fallen trees showed as evidence
Carbonaceous Meteorites - ANSWER Stony meteorite that contains small glassyspheres called chondrules & rolatiles -the least altered remains of the solar nebula still present in solar system Iron Meteorites - ANSWER Largely composed of metalic Iron and nickel Stony Iron Meteorites - ANSWER Largely composed of metallic iron, nickel and rockymaterial
Stony Meteorites - ANSWER Rocks mainly composed of silicate minerals Fireballs - ANSWER Meteors that are brighter than magnitude -4 (Brighter than venus)
Comet Dust Tail - ANSWER Streams of gas and dust are released from the coma -Always points away from the sun Comet head - ANSWER Coma Surround the nucleus, the coma and nucleus form thecomet head.
Halleys comet - ANSWER A short period comet that orbits the sun every 76 years, visibleto the unaided eye
Asteroid Belt - ANSWER A region of the solar system between Mars and Jupiter full ofasteroids
Sublime - ANSWER To convert by heat into vapor than to cool and condense again into asolid
Wavelength - ANSWER Distance between successive crests of a wave Aurora - ANSWER A glow from the north and south hemispheres that is caused by solarwind hitting the magnetic field
Solar Cycle - ANSWER Every 11 years the north and south poles of the sun switchcompletely around
Sun Spot - ANSWER -Evidence of magnetic fields -Black because they are cooler than the surrounding areas-Higher temp outside(Radiation pressure) vs Lower temp inside (Magnetic field pressure)
Corona - ANSWER The faint outer atmosphere of the sun Chromosphere - ANSWER Region outside the photosphere-bright gases just above the photosphere of the sun
photosphere - ANSWER Below the chromosphere -the bright visible surface of the sun Convection - ANSWER Circulation in a fluid driven by heat. Hot material rises & coolmaterial sinks
Radiation - ANSWER Energy radiated from an object in the form of waves or particles Solar Core - ANSWER Hottest part of the sun and solar system ~15.7 million Kelvin Nuclear Reactions - ANSWER Two nuclei form outside the atom to create the reacion(All collide)
Suns Composition - ANSWER -Nuclear Fussion -Radiative zone-Convection Zone -Granulation-Chromosphere -Photosphere -Sun Spots Emission Spectra - ANSWER Produced by photons emitted by an excited gas
Light-year - ANSWER An astronomical term for how far light travels in one year -9.4607 X 10^12 KM (6trillion miles) Parsec - ANSWER A distance to a hypothetical star whose parallax is 1 arc second Hipparchus - ANSWER Greek astronomer who is credited with the discovery ofprecision and equinox
Apparent Magnitude - ANSWER the magnitude of a celestial object as seen from earth Absolute Magnitude - ANSWER The actual magnitude of a celestial object as seen from astandard distance of 10 parces
kelvin scale - ANSWER A temperature scale using celsius degrees and based on zerobeing equil to absolute zero
thermal radiation - ANSWER Thermal motion of charged particles in mater. All matterwith a temperature greater than absolute zero emits thermal radiation.
H-R Diagram - ANSWER The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, abbreviated H-R diagram orHRD, is a scatter graph of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their spectral classifications or effectivetemperatures.
Luminosity - ANSWER the intrinsic brightness of a celestial object. Luminosity of a staris compared to the sun EX) Suns Luminosity (L) = 1 Classes of Stars - ANSWER OBAFGKM(LTY) -put into letter classes by their surface temps
To Remember "Oh Be A Fine Girl Kiss Me,( Lovingly Thank You)" Main Sequence - ANSWER A series of stars that most stars belong too. Runs from topleft (Hot and bright) to bottom right (Cool and dim)
Giant star - ANSWER A giant star is a star with a much greater brightness and radiusthat another main sequence star of the some temp
Supergiant Star - ANSWER A star that is brighter, larger and more massive than a giantstar
Mass-Luminosity Relationship - ANSWER The more massive a main-sequence star is, themore luminous it is.
White dwarf star - ANS They are extremely dense; the mass of a white dwarf is roughlyequal to that of the Sun, while its volume is roughly equal to that of the Earth. Its light luminosity results from the release of accumulated thermal energy. Spectroscopic Parallax - ANS The process by which the distance of a star is determinedin conjunction with its apparent brightness, with its absolute magnitude estimated from its spectrum. Main Sequence Fitting - ANSWER 1) Find an individual star
- Compare to a star on main sequence 3)Finding a match, We know the actual mass and luminosity of the star Spectroscopic Binary system - ANSWER a star system in which two stars are too closetogether the be visible separately. We see a single point of light and can only determine there are two stars by taking a spectrum from them. Visual Binary - ANSWER A binary star system in which the two stars are separately
Photon - ANSWER -A partical of light -a quantum of electromagnetic energy that carries an amount that depends ofwavelength.
theory of star formation - ANSWER supernova shockwave - ANSWER A sudden change in pressure that travels as anintense sound wave.
gravitational contraction The process by which the force of gravity causes an object tocollapse inward, with gravitational potential energy being converted into thermal energy. neutrino a neutral, almost massless atomic particle that travels at or nearly at the speedof light.
positron A subatomic particle that has the same mass as an electron but with positiverather than negative charge.
protostar - ANSWER A collapsing cloud of gas and dust destined to become a star. brown dwarf - ANSWER A stellar object with such low mass that it cannot raise itscentral temperature high enough to sustain hydrogen fusion.
T Tauri stars - ANSWER pre-main sequence stars with a solar mass of less than 3 red giant - ANSWER A very large star of high luminosity and low surface temperature helium flash - ANSWER A helium flash is the runaway fusion of helium in the core of lowmass stars of less than about 2.25 solar masses (M☉) and greater than about 0.5 M☉, or on the surface of an accreting white dwarf star.
Zero age main sequence stars - ANSWER The time when a star first reaches the mainsequence by burning the hydrogen in its core through fusion reations
HI regions - ANSWER An H I region is a cloud in the interstellar medium composed ofneutral atomic hydrogen (H I), in addition to the local abundance of helium and other elements. HII regions - ANSWER An H II region is a large, low-density cloud of partially ionized gasin which star formation has recently taken place.
Light Curves - ANSWER A graph of brightness versus time commonly used in analyzingvariable stars and eclipsing binaries. wein's law - ANSWER The hotter a glowing object is the shorter will be its wavelegnth ofmaximum intensity, inversely proportional to its temperature
variable Star - ANSWER A star that changes brightness. These include eclipsingbinaries.
Cepheid variable - ANSWER Variable stars with pulsation periods of 1-60 day's whoseperiod of variety is related to their luminosity.
Supergiant - ANSWER extremely luminous star whose fiameter is 100 - 1000 times thatof the sun
Pulsars - ANSWER a celestial object, thought to be a neutron start, that emits radiowaves and other types of electromagnetic radiation at rates of up to one thousand pulses per second. supernova - ANSWER a star that suddenly increases in brightness because of acatastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass
