Download ASU BIO 181 Exam 2: Cellular Processes, Immune System, and Digestion and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
ASU BIO 181 EXAM 2 LATEST 2024- 2025
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Specifically in a cell where does Glycolysis occur? - >>>Answer Cytoplasm T/F The cell does not need ATP to survive. - >>>Answer False Where is carbon dioxide produced? - >>>Answer Mitochondrial matrix T/F The citric acid/Kreb's cycle breaks down carbohydrates into CO2. - >>>Answer True T/F FADH2 results as one of the products of the citric acid cycle. - >>>Answer True Specifically where in a cell does the citric acid/Kreb's cycle occur? - >>>Answer Mitochondrial Matrix Glycolysis requires the investment of two_________ in order to obtain a gross output of four ________. - >>>Answer ATP, ATP Does gravity have a role in some part of the lymphatic fluid flow back to the circulatory system? - >>>Answer Yes T/F Natural killer cells are part of the specific immune system. - >>>Answer False T/F You should have your appendix removed whenever possible. - >>>Answer False
How does the lymph fluid return from the legs to the circulatory system? - >>>Answer A one way valve pushing it up, with the help of muscles contracting around it. If a macrophage endocytoses (i.e., eats) an antigen it can digest it and present it on a ______________ Major histocompatibility complex protein to a ______________. -
Answer Class II, Helper T Cell T/F Having a fever of 100 Fahrenheit can help you fight off infections. - >>>Answer True T/F Mast cells release histamine. - >>>Answer True When immune cells mature and can recognize trans-membrane proteins indicating "self", this is called ______________. - >>>Answer Tolerance Lymphatic tissue is composed of the following five components. Please list them. - Answer Bone Marrow, Thymus, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Ducts T/F A bacterium coated by antibodies is a signal that a macrophage should endocytose (eat) it
Answer True T/F Red blood cells originate from the bone marrow. - >>>Answer True T/F Lymph nodes are a place where cells of the immune system accumulate and share information. - >>>Answer True T/F Any cell can present an antigen on a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein. - >>>Answer True When a B cell is shown an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein it will go through ______________ ______________ and B cells subsequently can become ______________ and/or ______________ ______________. - >>>Answer Blast Transformation, Plasma Cells, Memory Cells T/F Bone marrow is a site where mature immune cells are found. - >>>Answer False
Adhering junctions are based on two different types of cytoskeleton filament systems. Name those systems. - >>>Answer Actin Filament based, Intermediate filament based Vitamin K cannot be made by the cells of your body. Where is it made? - >>>Answer Intestinal Bacteria & Liver When amino acids are acquired by food because your body can't make them they are called ___________________ ___________________ ___________________. - >>>Answer Essential Amino Acids List the layers of the digestive track covered by a thick layer of mucous. - >>>Answer The only layer of the Digestive Tract that secretes and has mucous is the Mucosa layer List the order in which storage compounds are utilized if there is no intake of food. -
Answer Glycogen and Fat, then protein What is bile made from? And how does oatmeal reduce cholesterol levels? - >>>Answer Bile is made from cholesterol, and some kinds of Fiber (like oatmeal) will bind with bile, decreasing its absorption and lowering cholesterol levels. How does the pancreas neutralize the pH of the chyme that comes from the stomach? - Answer Bicarbonate Ion Secretions Think about feedback loops. What triggers the gall bladder to secrete bile? - >>>Answer Fatty acids in the lumen of the duodenum Name the main enzyme in the stomach. - >>>Answer Pepsin T/F If something is called a vitamin, it cannot be made by the organism and must be taken in as a part of diet. - >>>Answer True 90% of absorption in the intestine occurs where? - >>>Answer In the Ileum and Jejunum The digestive track begins with the ___________________ and the first enzyme added is ___________________. - >>>Answer Mouth, Amylase
Draw concentric circles and label the four layers of the gut. Also label the hole at the inner most circle. List what is in these four layers. - >>>Answer Name the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine. - >>>Answer Pyloric Sphincter When glucose is taken in by the digestive track and enters your blood, cells are triggered to take in the glucose by what mechanism? - >>>Answer Insulin and insulin receptors Write a few sentences to distinguish between digestion and absorption. - >>>Answer Digestion is when an enzyme breaks down food into smaller blocks. Absorption is the assimilation of substances into the bloodstream from the digestive tract. In what way is the making of a primary lysosome similar to the enzymes delivered by the pancreas? - >>>Answer Both are made by membrane bound polyribosomes The esophagus has two distinct muscles that close off the tube. What are these called? -
Answer The upper and lower esophageal sphincters. Which enzyme unwraps the double helix? - >>>Answer Helicase Which enzyme is used first to permit DNA polymerase III to begin replicating the 3' strand? - Answer Primase The double helix of DNA is wrapped about 1¾ times around which of these components? - Answer Nucleosome During DNA replication in the lagging strand there is production of this component? - Answer Okazaki fragment For DNA Polymerase III to work, which of these components has to act first? - >>>Answer Primase
Protein synthesis changes from the language of [x] to the language of [y]. - >>>Answer Nucleotides, Amino acids During mRNA maturation what is the name of the part of the mRNA that is removed? -
Answer Intron In the ribosome, what pairs with the codon? - >>>Answer Anticodon Assume that you have a eukaryotic cell with three chromosomes within it. How many 5' ends would there be? - >>>Answer Gap 1: 6, Gap 2: 12 Which nucleotide is different in RNA compared to DNA? - >>>Answer Uradine Draw the sugar in DNA and label the carbons as discussed in the lecture. Then circle the carbon that is different in RNA. - >>>Answer There are two types of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. These two types can be distinguished because the polyribosome is either or. - >>>Answer Free, or membrane-bound polyribosome Which enzyme is used first to permit DNA polymerase III to begin replicating the 3' strand? - Answer Primase In eukaryotic cells the start codon for protein synthesis is. - >>>Answer AUG or Methionine RNA synthesis, also called RNA transcription occurs in three phases. List them from beginning to end in order. - >>>Answer Initiation, Elongation, Termination How many hydrogen bonds are there between an A and its paired nucleotide? - >>>Answer Two T/F Strands of the backbone of DNA are parallel? - >>>Answer False
List one type of post-translational modification. - >>>Answer proteolysis, glycosylation, phosphorylation Which sugar is present in RNA? - >>>Answer Ribose T/F In the lagging stand, the DNA is read from the parental DNA's 3' to 5' end. - >>>Answer True For DNA Polymerase III to work which of these components has to act first? - >>>Answer Primase In DNA, what does the nucleotide labelled as A pair with? - >>>Answer Thymidine which is a pyrimidine T/F During DNA replication is greatly reduced by enzymes that proof read the newly replicated DNA. - >>>Answer True In the ribosome, what is the name of the bond that links one amino acid to the next? -
Answer Peptide Bond How many "stop" codons exist? - >>>Answer Three List the two basic categories of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids. - >>>Answer Pyrimidines, Purines List three items required for photosynthesis to occur. - >>>Answer Water, Co2 and sunlight
