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An introduction to geology basics, including the study of rocks, minerals, and plate tectonics. It covers the three fundamental classifications of rocks, the layers of the Earth, and the theory of plate tectonics. The document also explains the different types of plates and boundaries, as well as the formation of Pangea. It is a useful resource for students studying geology or earth science.
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Geology - Correct Answer ✅ The study of the nature and composition of the rocks and material that make up the Earth, how they were formed, and the physical and chemical processes that have changed earth over time Mineral - Correct Answer ✅ a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical elements Organic compounds - Correct Answer ✅ Carbon- containing remains of decomposed plant or animal matter Mineraloids - Correct Answer ✅ Minerals that lack a defined crystalline structure. 3 fundamental classifications of rocks - Correct Answer ✅ Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary rocks - Correct Answer ✅ - Form at the Earths surface on land and bodies of water
Hypabyssal igneous rock - Correct Answer ✅ Formed at levels between intrusive and extrusive (just below the surface) they aren't nearly as common Metamorphic rocks - Correct Answer ✅ Made when heat, pressure, or fluids change one type of rock into another type of rock (sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks) caused by physical and /or chemical change Metamorphic rock classification - Correct Answer ✅ foliated and non-foliated foliated metamorphic rock - Correct Answer ✅ Layered or folded, which means they form from compression in one direction and result in visible or banding within the rock (Ex. gneiss or slate) Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock - Correct Answer ✅ Receive equals pressure from all directions and thus have a homogenous appearance (Ex. marble) "other rocks" - Correct Answer ✅ rocks that cannot fit into the criteria of the three rock type category (ex. fossil)
Fossil - Correct Answer ✅ A rock formed from the remains or impression of dead plants or animals, does not fit into biochemical class of rock because fossils themselves are WHOLLY composed of organic material and only formed under strict conditions, although they are commonly found within sedimentary rock plate tectonics - Correct Answer ✅ a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. Lithosphere - Correct Answer ✅ the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. Asthenosphere - Correct Answer ✅ The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. How many major and minor plates? - Correct Answer ✅ 9- major 40+ minor
convergant boundaries - Correct Answer ✅ plates can rise to mountain ranges Subduction - Correct Answer ✅ One plate going under another plate, happens in convergent boundaries where oceanic and continental plates converge and the denser oceanic plate sinks below the continental plate Hot spots can occur - Correct Answer ✅ within either continental or oceanic plates, when reaching the surface a volcano forms Earthquakes are caused by - Correct Answer ✅ movement of tectonic plates/ sliding or colliding/ friction can cause an earthquake Geography - Correct Answer ✅ the study of the earth's layout and features Meridians - Correct Answer ✅ - vertical lines that measure east to west and are described as longitudinal.