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ATI CBC Level 2 Test Questions And Answers 2024 what does pH tell you - ANS-✔✔the expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate what causes a lower pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids what causes a higher pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids hyperventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes a decrease in hydrogen ions hypoventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes an increase in hydrogen ions normal pH for the blood - ANS-✔✔7.35-7.45 what causes respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔hypoventilation what causes hypoventilation - ANS-✔✔- respiratory depression from opioids, poisons - brain tumors, stroke, trauma - muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea - airway obstruction - pneumothorax manifestations of respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔
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what does pH tell you - ANS-✔✔the expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate
what causes a lower pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids
what causes a higher pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids
hyperventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
hypoventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes an increase in hydrogen ions
normal pH for the blood - ANS-✔✔7.35-7.
what causes respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔hypoventilation
what causes hypoventilation - ANS-✔✔- respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
manifestations of respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔- tachycardia (severe is bradycardia), tachypnea, hypertension
nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔- oxygen therapy
what causes respiratory alkalosis - ANS-✔✔hyperventilation
what causes hyperventilation - ANS-✔✔- fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive mechanical ventilation
lab values for respiratory alkalosis - ANS-✔✔PaCO2: less than 35
pH: greater than 7.
HCO3: less than 24
lab values for respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔PaCO2: greater than 45
pH: less than 7.
HCO3: greater than 28
manifestations of respiratory alkalosis - ANS-✔✔- tachypnea
PaCO2: greater than 45
manifestations of metabolic alkalosis - ANS-✔✔- tachycardia, hypotensive
how to determine the type of imbalance - ANS-✔✔- look at pH first (less than 7.35 acidosis, greater than 7.45 alkalosis)
a nurse is caring for a client admitted with confusion and lethargy. the client was found at home unresponsive with an empty bottle of aspirin lying next to her bed. Vital signs reveal blood pressure 104/72, HR 116, RR 42 and deep, which of the following should the nurse expect?
A. pH 7.
PaCo2 38
HCO3 28
B. pH 7.
PaCO2 28
HCO3 23
C. pH 6.
PaCO2 30
HCO3 18 - ANS-✔✔C.
a nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for a client who has vomited for 24 hours. the nurse should expect which of the following acid-base imbalances to result from vomiting for 24 hours?
a. respiratory acidosis
b. respiratory alkalosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis - ANS-✔✔D.
A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about conditions related to metabolic acidosis. which of the following statements by a unit nurse indicates the teaching has been effective
a. metabolic acidosis can occur due to diabetic ketoacidosis
b. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has myasthenia gravis
c. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has asthma
d. metabolic acidosis can occur due to cancer - ANS-✔✔A
a nurse is assessing a client who has pancreatitis. the client's arterial blood gases reveal metabolic acidosis. which of the following are expected findings?
a. tachycardia
b. hypertension
c. bounding pulses
d. hyperreflexia
e. dysrhythmia
f. tachypnea - ANS-✔✔E, F
complications of sedatives (benzodiazepines, barbiturates) - ANS-✔✔- respiratory depression
regular insulin - ANS-✔✔short acting
NPH insulin - ANS-✔✔intermediate acting
insulin glargine - ANS-✔✔long acting
nursing care for hypoglycemia - ANS-✔✔- blood glucose less than 70
lipohypertrophy - ANS-✔✔instruct clients to systematically rotate injection sites and to allow 1 inch between injection sites
adverse reactions to exenatide - ANS-✔✔- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pancreatitis
warfarin adverse effects - ANS-✔✔- hemorrhage
risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia - ANS-✔✔- increased age
expected findings of BPH - ANS-✔✔- urinary frequency
client education for BPH - ANS-✔✔- avoid drinking large amounts of fluids at one time
finesteride - ANS-✔✔- used for BPH
tamsulosin - ANS-✔✔- used for BPH
irritable bowel syndrome - ANS-✔✔- causes changes in bowel function (chronic diarrhea, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain)
health promotion for IBS - ANS-✔✔- avoid foods that trigger exacerbation (dairy, wheat, corn, fried foods, alcohol, spicy foods)
expected findings of IBS - ANS-✔✔- cramping pain in abdomen
intestinal obstruction - ANS-✔✔- mechanical (blocked by something such as tumors, adhesions, hernias, diverticulitis)
expected findings of a small bowel obstruction - ANS-✔✔- severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance
expected findings of a large bowel obstruction - ANS-✔✔- minor fluid and electrolyte imbalance
nursing care for a nonmechanical bowel obstruction - ANS-✔✔- nothing by mouth with bowel rest
abdominal ascites - ANS-✔✔- abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the abdominal cavity most often caused by cirrhosis of the liver
expected findings of a UTI - ANS-✔✔- lower back or lower abdominal discomfort and tenderness over the bladder area
client education for a UTi - ANS-✔✔- drink at least 3 L fluid daily
pyelonephritis - ANS-✔✔- infection and inflammation of the kidney pelvis, calyces, and medulla
expected findings of pyelonephritis - ANS-✔✔- chills
urolithiasis - ANS-✔✔- presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract
expected findings with urolithiasis - ANS-✔✔- severe pain
lithotripsy - ANS-✔✔- uses laser energies to break calculi into fragments
client education following lithotripsy - ANS-✔✔- inform the client that bruising is normal at the site where waves are applied
clostridium botulinum - ANS-✔✔- abdominal pain
staphylococcus manifestations - ANS-✔✔- diarrhea
nursing care for acute infectious GI disorders - ANS-✔✔- obtain daily weights
oral rehydration therapy for acute GI infectious disorders - ANS-✔✔- start replacement with an oral solution of 75-90 sodium mEq/L at 40-50 mL/kg over 4 hours
manifestations of mild dehydration in infants and children - ANS-✔✔- cap refill greater than 2 seconds
manifestations of moderate dehydration in infants and children - ANS-✔✔- cap refill between 2- seconds
manifestations of severe dehydration in infants and children - ANS-✔✔- cap refill greater than 4 seconds
hyponatremia level - ANS-✔✔sodium level less than 136
complications of hyponatremia - ANS-✔✔- coma
expected findings with hypernatremia - ANS-✔✔- hyperthermia
hypokalemia - ANS-✔✔potassium level less than 3.
risk factors for hypokalemia - ANS-✔✔- hyperaldosteronism
expected findings of hypokalemia - ANS-✔✔- hyperthermia
hyperkalemia - ANS-✔✔- potassium level greater than 5.
risk factors for hyperkalemia - ANS-✔✔- diabetic ketoacidosis
expected findings for hyperkalemia - ANS-✔✔- slow irregular pulse
hypocalcemia - ANS-✔✔- total calcium level less than 9
risk factors for hypocalcemia - ANS-✔✔- chronic diarrhea
expected findings of hypocalcemia - ANS-✔✔- numbness and tingling