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ATI CBC Level 2 Test Questions And Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

ATI CBC Level 2 Test Questions And Answers 2024 what does pH tell you - ANS-✔✔the expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate what causes a lower pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids what causes a higher pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids hyperventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes a decrease in hydrogen ions hypoventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes an increase in hydrogen ions normal pH for the blood - ANS-✔✔7.35-7.45 what causes respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔hypoventilation what causes hypoventilation - ANS-✔✔- respiratory depression from opioids, poisons - brain tumors, stroke, trauma - muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea - airway obstruction - pneumothorax manifestations of respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔

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ATI CBC Level 2 Test Questions And Answers 2024
what does pH tell you - ANS-✔✔the expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate
what causes a lower pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more
acidic the body fluids
what causes a higher pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more
alkaline the body fluids
hyperventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes a decrease in hydrogen ions
hypoventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes an increase in hydrogen ions
normal pH for the blood - ANS-✔✔7.35-7.45
what causes respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔hypoventilation
what causes hypoventilation - ANS-✔✔- respiratory depression from opioids, poisons
- brain tumors, stroke, trauma
- muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
- airway obstruction
- pneumothorax
manifestations of respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔- tachycardia (severe is bradycardia), tachypnea,
hypertension
- anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
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ATI CBC Level 2 Test Questions And Answers 2024

what does pH tell you - ANS-✔✔the expression of the balance between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate

what causes a lower pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the body fluids

what causes a higher pH in the body - ANS-✔✔the lower the concentration of hydrogen, the more alkaline the body fluids

hyperventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes a decrease in hydrogen ions

hypoventilation and hydrogen ions - ANS-✔✔causes an increase in hydrogen ions

normal pH for the blood - ANS-✔✔7.35-7.

what causes respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔hypoventilation

what causes hypoventilation - ANS-✔✔- respiratory depression from opioids, poisons

  • brain tumors, stroke, trauma
  • muscle weakness, flail chest, obesity, sleep apnea
  • airway obstruction
  • pneumothorax

manifestations of respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔- tachycardia (severe is bradycardia), tachypnea, hypertension

  • anxiety, irritability, confusion, coma
  • ineffective, shallow, rapid breathing
  • pale or cyanotic

nursing care for a patient with respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔- oxygen therapy

  • maintain patent airway
  • positioning and breathing techniques

what causes respiratory alkalosis - ANS-✔✔hyperventilation

what causes hyperventilation - ANS-✔✔- fear, anxiety, intracerebral trauma, excessive mechanical ventilation

  • hypoxemia from asphyxiation, high altitudes, shock, pneumonia

lab values for respiratory alkalosis - ANS-✔✔PaCO2: less than 35

pH: greater than 7.

HCO3: less than 24

lab values for respiratory acidosis - ANS-✔✔PaCO2: greater than 45

pH: less than 7.

HCO3: greater than 28

manifestations of respiratory alkalosis - ANS-✔✔- tachypnea

  • inability to concentrate, numbness, tingling
  • tachycardia, dysrhythmias
  • rapid deep respirations

PaCO2: greater than 45

manifestations of metabolic alkalosis - ANS-✔✔- tachycardia, hypotensive

  • atrial tachycardia
  • numbness, tingling, tetany, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, confusion
  • depressed skeletal muscles resulting in ineffective breathing

how to determine the type of imbalance - ANS-✔✔- look at pH first (less than 7.35 acidosis, greater than 7.45 alkalosis)

  • look at PaCO2 and HCO

a nurse is caring for a client admitted with confusion and lethargy. the client was found at home unresponsive with an empty bottle of aspirin lying next to her bed. Vital signs reveal blood pressure 104/72, HR 116, RR 42 and deep, which of the following should the nurse expect?

A. pH 7.

PaCo2 38

HCO3 28

B. pH 7.

PaCO2 28

HCO3 23

C. pH 6.

PaCO2 30

HCO3 18 - ANS-✔✔C.

a nurse is obtaining arterial blood gases for a client who has vomited for 24 hours. the nurse should expect which of the following acid-base imbalances to result from vomiting for 24 hours?

a. respiratory acidosis

b. respiratory alkalosis

c. metabolic acidosis

d. metabolic alkalosis - ANS-✔✔D.

A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about conditions related to metabolic acidosis. which of the following statements by a unit nurse indicates the teaching has been effective

a. metabolic acidosis can occur due to diabetic ketoacidosis

b. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has myasthenia gravis

c. metabolic acidosis can occur in a client who has asthma

d. metabolic acidosis can occur due to cancer - ANS-✔✔A

a nurse is assessing a client who has pancreatitis. the client's arterial blood gases reveal metabolic acidosis. which of the following are expected findings?

a. tachycardia

b. hypertension

c. bounding pulses

d. hyperreflexia

e. dysrhythmia

f. tachypnea - ANS-✔✔E, F

complications of sedatives (benzodiazepines, barbiturates) - ANS-✔✔- respiratory depression

  • drowsiness
  • insulin glulisine

regular insulin - ANS-✔✔short acting

NPH insulin - ANS-✔✔intermediate acting

insulin glargine - ANS-✔✔long acting

nursing care for hypoglycemia - ANS-✔✔- blood glucose less than 70

  • administer glucose
  • administer a snack of 15 g carbs (4 oz orange juice, 2 oz grape juice, 8 oz milk)

lipohypertrophy - ANS-✔✔instruct clients to systematically rotate injection sites and to allow 1 inch between injection sites

adverse reactions to exenatide - ANS-✔✔- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pancreatitis

warfarin adverse effects - ANS-✔✔- hemorrhage

  • hepatitis
  • toxicity

risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia - ANS-✔✔- increased age

  • smoking, alcohol use
  • sedentary lifestyle, obesity
  • western diet
  • diabetes

expected findings of BPH - ANS-✔✔- urinary frequency

  • incontinence
  • incomplete emptying of the bladder
  • dribbling post voiding
  • nocturia
  • diminished force of urinary stream
  • straining with urination
  • frequent UTIs
  • can lead to kidney damage

client education for BPH - ANS-✔✔- avoid drinking large amounts of fluids at one time

  • void when the urge is initially felt
  • avoid bladder stimulants (caffeine, alcohol)
  • avoid antihistamines, decongestants

finesteride - ANS-✔✔- used for BPH

  • can take 6 months-1 year before effects are evident
  • impotence and decrease in libido are adverse effects

tamsulosin - ANS-✔✔- used for BPH

  • causes relaxation of the bladder outlet and prostate gland
  • decrease pressure on the urethra
  • postural hypertension can occur
  • apply ice and report redness or swelling
  • prevent constipation by increasing dietary fiber and fluids

irritable bowel syndrome - ANS-✔✔- causes changes in bowel function (chronic diarrhea, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain)

health promotion for IBS - ANS-✔✔- avoid foods that trigger exacerbation (dairy, wheat, corn, fried foods, alcohol, spicy foods)

  • avoid alcohol and caffeine
  • consume 2-3 L of fluid per day
  • increase fiber (30-40 g/day)

expected findings of IBS - ANS-✔✔- cramping pain in abdomen

  • abdominal pain (left lower quadrant)
  • nausea with meals or passing stool
  • anorexia
  • abdominal bloating
  • belching
  • diarrhea
  • constipation

intestinal obstruction - ANS-✔✔- mechanical (blocked by something such as tumors, adhesions, hernias, diverticulitis)

  • non-mechanical (diminished peristalsis within the bowel such as paralytic ileus post op)

expected findings of a small bowel obstruction - ANS-✔✔- severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance

  • metabolic alkalosis
  • visible peristaltic waves
  • epigastric or upper abdominal distention
  • abdominal pain, discomfort
  • profuse, sudden projectile vomiting with fecal odor

expected findings of a large bowel obstruction - ANS-✔✔- minor fluid and electrolyte imbalance

  • metabolic acidosis
  • significant lower abdominal distention
  • intermittent abdominal cramping
  • infrequent vomiting
  • diarrhea or ribbon-like stools around an impaction

nursing care for a nonmechanical bowel obstruction - ANS-✔✔- nothing by mouth with bowel rest

  • assess bowel sounds
  • provide oral hygiene
  • administer IV fluid and electrolyte replacement (potassium)
  • encourage ambulation
  • place in semi-fowler's

abdominal ascites - ANS-✔✔- abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the abdominal cavity most often caused by cirrhosis of the liver

  • increased abdominal girth and distention
  • compromised lung expansion
  • rapid weight gain

expected findings of a UTI - ANS-✔✔- lower back or lower abdominal discomfort and tenderness over the bladder area

  • nausea
  • urinary frequency and urgency
  • dysuria, bladder cramping, spasms
  • feeling of incomplete emptying
  • perineal itching
  • hematuria
  • pyuria
  • fever
  • vomiting
  • nocturia

client education for a UTi - ANS-✔✔- drink at least 3 L fluid daily

  • bathe daily to promote good body hygiene
  • empty bladder every 3-4 hours
  • urinate before and after intercourse
  • drink cranberry juice

pyelonephritis - ANS-✔✔- infection and inflammation of the kidney pelvis, calyces, and medulla

  • begins in the lower urinary tract

expected findings of pyelonephritis - ANS-✔✔- chills

  • colicky like abdominal pain
  • nausea
  • malaise, fatigue
  • burning, urgency, frequency with urination
  • flank and back pain
  • nocturia
  • fever
  • tachycardia
  • vomiting

urolithiasis - ANS-✔✔- presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract

  • composed of calcium phosphate

expected findings with urolithiasis - ANS-✔✔- severe pain

  • urinary frequency or dysuria
  • fever
  • diaphoresis
  • pallor
  • nausea, vomiting
  • tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypotension
  • hematuria (rusty colored urine)

lithotripsy - ANS-✔✔- uses laser energies to break calculi into fragments

client education following lithotripsy - ANS-✔✔- inform the client that bruising is normal at the site where waves are applied

  • hematuria post op is normal
  • leukocytosis
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • high fever

clostridium botulinum - ANS-✔✔- abdominal pain

  • cramping
  • diarrhea
  • possible respiratory or CNS problems

staphylococcus manifestations - ANS-✔✔- diarrhea

  • nausea
  • vomiting

nursing care for acute infectious GI disorders - ANS-✔✔- obtain daily weights

  • avoid taking rectal temperature
  • initiate IV fluids
  • administer antibiotics (c diff)
  • avoid antibiotics (botulinum, coli, salmonella)

oral rehydration therapy for acute GI infectious disorders - ANS-✔✔- start replacement with an oral solution of 75-90 sodium mEq/L at 40-50 mL/kg over 4 hours

  • initiate maintenance therapy of 40-60 sodium and limit to 150 mL/kg/day
  • replace each diarrheal stool with 10 mL/kg of ORS

manifestations of mild dehydration in infants and children - ANS-✔✔- cap refill greater than 2 seconds

  • possible slight thirst

manifestations of moderate dehydration in infants and children - ANS-✔✔- cap refill between 2- seconds

  • possible thirst and irritability
  • pulse slightly increased
  • dry mucous membranes
  • decreased tears and skin turgor
  • tachypnea
  • normal to sunken anterior fontanel on infant

manifestations of severe dehydration in infants and children - ANS-✔✔- cap refill greater than 4 seconds

  • tachycardia
  • extreme thirst
  • tented skin
  • hyperpnea
  • no tearing with sunken eyeballs
  • sunken anterior fontanel
  • oliguria

hyponatremia level - ANS-✔✔sodium level less than 136

complications of hyponatremia - ANS-✔✔- coma

  • seizures
  • respiratory arrest
  • fever, burns, hyperglycemia

expected findings with hypernatremia - ANS-✔✔- hyperthermia

  • tachycardia
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • restlessness, disorientation, irritability, muscle twitching, muscle weakness, reduced to absent DTRs
  • thirst, dry mucous membranes, dry and swollen tongue
  • edema, flushed skin

hypokalemia - ANS-✔✔potassium level less than 3.

risk factors for hypokalemia - ANS-✔✔- hyperaldosteronism

  • inadequate dietary intake
  • vomiting, NG suction, diarrhea, excessive laxative use
  • use of furosemide
  • diaphoresis, wound losses

expected findings of hypokalemia - ANS-✔✔- hyperthermia

  • weak irregular pulse
  • hypotension
  • respiratory distress
  • bilateral muscle weakness
  • muscle cramping
  • mental confusion
  • flattening T waves, ST depression
  • premature ventricular contractions

hyperkalemia - ANS-✔✔- potassium level greater than 5.

risk factors for hyperkalemia - ANS-✔✔- diabetic ketoacidosis

  • diabetes mellitus
  • kidney failure
  • severe dehydration
  • ACE inhibitors

expected findings for hyperkalemia - ANS-✔✔- slow irregular pulse

  • hypotension
  • confusion
  • peaked T waves, widened QRS

hypocalcemia - ANS-✔✔- total calcium level less than 9

risk factors for hypocalcemia - ANS-✔✔- chronic diarrhea

  • rapid infusion of blood
  • post-thyroidectomy
  • vitamin D deficiency
  • Crohns disease

expected findings of hypocalcemia - ANS-✔✔- numbness and tingling

  • frequent muscle spasms at rest that can progress to tetany