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ATI MED SURG EXAM 2025 EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT verified ANSWERS
GRADE A GUARANTEE PASS
A nurse is caring for client who is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia. Upon assessing the client, the nurse observes the following findings: heart rate 200/min, blood pressure 78/ mm Hg, and respiratory rate 30/min. Which of the following actions should then nurse take? a. Defibrillate the client's heart. b. Perform synchronized cardioversion. c. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
d. Administer lidocaine IV bolus. - CORRECT ANSWER b.
Perform synchronized cardioversion. The nurse should perform synchronized cardioversion for a client who has supraventricular tachycardia.
What rhythms are shockable? (defibrillation) - CORRECT
ANSWER ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular
tachycarida What dysrhythmia are amiodarone and lidocaine indicated for?
ANSWER ventricular arrhythmias
The nurse should initiate CPR for a client who what? -
CORRECT ANSWER is pulseless or not breathing
A nurse is preparing a client who has supraventricular tachycardia for elective cardioversion. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to withhold for 48 hr prior to cardioversion? A. Enoxaparin B. Metformin C. Diazepam
D. Digoxin - CORRECT ANSWER D. digoxin
Cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, are withheld prior to cardioversion. These medications can increase ventricular irritability and put the client at risk for ventricular fibrillation after the synchronized countershock of cardioversion _______ are usually given prior to cardioversion to reduce anxiety and minimize discomfort with the procedure. -
CORRECT ANSWER Sedatives like diazepam
Metformin is held before what kind of procedures? Example?
Why? - CORRECT ANSWER Ones that involve contrast
A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and is receiving mechanical ventilation. The client appears anxious and restless, and the high-pressure alarm is sounding. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Obtain ABGs. B. Administer propofol to the client. C. Instruct the client to allow the machine to breathe for them. D. Disconnect the machine and manually ventilate the client. -
CORRECT ANSWER C. Instruct the client to allow the
machine to breathe for them. When providing client care, the nurse should first use the least restrictive intervention. Therefore, the first action the nurse should take is to provide verbal instructions and emotional support to help the client relax and allow the ventilator to work. Clients can exhibit anxiety and restlessness when trying to "fight the ventilator." A nurse is caring for a client who has a potassium level of 3. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? A. Positive Trousseau's sign B. 4+ deep tendon reflexes C. Deep respirations
D. Hypoactive bowel sounds - CORRECT ANSWER D.
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Deep tendon reflexes are used to monitor what electrolyte
level? - CORRECT
ANSWER magnesium
What kind of respirations occur with hypokalemia and why? -
CORRECT ANSWER shallow respirations due to
respiratory muscle weakness Trosseau's sign evaluates for what electrolyte imbalances? -
CORRECT ANSWER hypocalcelmia and
hypomagnesemia
What is hypokalemia's effect on the GI system? - CORRECT
ANSWER It decreases smooth muscle contraction leading
to decreased peristalsis and hypoactive bowel sounds.
Deep tendon reflexes in hypomagnesemia - CORRECT
ANSWER increased e.g.
Deep tendon reflexes in hypermagnesemia - CORRECT
ANSWER decreased e.g.
ANSWER history of asthma and allergies to shellfish, eggs,
milk, and chocolate What drugs would warrant further screening for increased risk of renal damage in someone getting a procedure with IV
contrast? - CORRECT ANSWER aminoglycosides,
NSAIDs, metformin Patients with what conditions have an increased risk for renal
damage from a procedure with IV contrast? - CORRECT
ANSWER history of diabetes mellitus, renal impairment, or
heart failure A nurse is an ED is reviewing the provider's prescriptions for a client who sustained a rattlesnake bite to the lower leg. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse expect? A. Apply ice to the clients puncture wounds B. Initiate corticosteroid therapy for the client C. Keep the client's leg above heart level
D. Administer an opioid analgesic to the client - CORRECT
ANSWER D. Administer an opioid analgesic to the client
Expect an opioid analgesic to promote comfort in someone with a rattlesnake bite.
What critter should you apply ice to the bite of and why? -
CORRECT ANSWER a black widow spider bite in order
to reduce the action of the neurotoxin If a patient gets bitten by a snack, what level should the
extremity be maintained at? - CORRECT ANSWER at
the level of the heart, not above or below it What should the nurse plan to administer for a bee or wasp
sting? - CORRECT
ANSWER corticosteroids and antihistamines
A nurse is caring for a client who is 12 hr post op following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Maintain adduction of the client's legs. b. Encourage range of motion of the hip up to a 120° angle. c. Place a pillow between the client's legs.
d. Keep the client's hip internally rotated. - CORRECT
ANSWER c. Place a pillow between the client's legs
Post-op total hip arthroplasty
The nurse should make a referral to physical therapy for a client who is receiving PREoperative teaching for a knee arthroplasty so the client can begin understanding postoperative exercises and physical restrictions.) What should you contact if a client reports an increase in pain
following a left hip arthroplasty? - CORRECT ANSWER
the provider Who should you contact if a client states they will have
difficulty obtaining a walker for home use? - CORRECT
ANSWER a social worker
Who should you contact if a client is having emotional difficulty
accepting that they have a prosthetic leg? - CORRECT
ANSWER The nurse should refer the client to a
counselor to assist with coping with the adjustment to the need of a prosthetic leg. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who has migraine headaches and is taking feverfew to prevent headaches. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications interact with feverfew? a. Metoprolol b. Bupropion
c. Naproxen
d. Atorvastatin - CORRECT ANSWER c. Naproxen
feverfew + naproxen = bleeding Both naproxen and feverfew impair ____ ____ and place the
client at risk for ____. - CORRECT ANSWER platelet
aggregation bleeding The nurse should recognize that the effort of atorvastatin is decreased by what herb? -
CORRECT ANSWER St. John's Wort
atorvastatin + St. John's wort =? - CORRECT ANSWER
decreased effect of atorvastatin A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for a potassium-sparing diuretic. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Try to walk at least three times per week for exercise. b. To increase stamina, walk for 5 min after fatigue begins. c. Take over-the-counter cough medicine for persistent cough.
e. right hemianopsia - left f. impulsive - right g. cautious - left A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia. Upon assessing the client, the nurse observes the following findings: heart rate 200/min, blood pressure 78/40 mm Hg, and respiratory rate 30/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Defibrillate the client's heart. b. Perform synchronized cardioversion. c. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
d. Administer lidocaine IV bolus. - CORRECT ANSWER b.
perform synchronized cardioversion A nurse is teaching a young adult client how to perform testicular self-exam.
- use one or both hands? examine at same time?
- roll each testicle how?
- perform when?
- how often? - CORRECT ANSWER - use both hands to examine one testicle at a time
- roll each testicle horizontally between the thumb and the fingers to feel for any deep lumps in the center
- during or after warm bath/shower
- once a month A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of magnesium sulfate 1 g IV bolus. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor? - reflexes?
- BP?
- breathing?
- cardiac - CORRECT ANSWER - depressed or absent reflexes
- decreased BP
- respiratory paralysis
- depressed cardiac function/heart block Magnesium sulfate can be used to treat what cardiac
conditions? What is an adverse cardiac effect? - CORRECT
ANSWER treats cardiac dysrhythmias such as torsades de
pointes and refractory ventricular fibrillation AE: depressed cardiac function including heart block
For a client starting dialysis, when should the nurse begin health and lifestyle teaching?
- CORRECT ANSWER In the first weeks after starting the dialysis treatment once the client feels better physically and emotionally.
effect of hypokalemia on EKG - CORRECT ANSWER -
flatted T wave
effect of hypocalcemia on EKG - CORRECT ANSWER
prolonged ST interval and prolonged QT interval The nurse should review the client's (what lab value?) after the administration of FFP. What is the desired effect of fresh frozen
plasma on the lab value? - CORRECT ANSWER
prothrombin time the desired effect is a decrease in prothrombin time
What blood product is rich in clotting factors? - CORRECT
ANSWER Fresh frozen plasma. FFP is administered to treat
acute clotting disorders. The desired effect is a decrease in the prothrombin time.
The nurse should teach that the maximum effect of epoetin alfa will occur in how long? -
CORRECT ANSWER 2 - 3 months
The client who has what condition will have a plethoric (dark, flushed) manifestation of the facial skin and mucous
membranes? - CORRECT ANSWER polycythemia vera
The client who has what type of anemia will have manifestation of glossitis (smooth, beefy-red tongue) and weight loss? -
CORRECT ANSWER pernicious anemia
The client who has what type of anemia will have manifestations of jaundice with an enlarged liver and spleen? -
CORRECT ANSWER sickle cell anemia
In aplastic anemia, what blood components are absent/reduced? What is this called? Is it sudden or gradual? -
CORRECT ANSWER All three major blood components
(red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) are reduced or absent, which is known as pancytopenia. Manifestations usually develop gradually. cardiac tamponade findings
The nurse should increase the intake of food containing what
for a client who has megaloblastic anemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER folic acid
Which adventitious breath sound? "high-pitched musical squeak on inspiration or expiration through a narrow or
obstructed airway." - CORRECT ANSWER wheezes
Which adventitious breath sound? "coarse, loud, low-pitched sounds during inspiration or expiration. Coughing often clears
the airway and stops the sound." - CORRECT ANSWER
rhonchi Which adventitious breath sound? "loud, dry, rubbing or grating sounds over the lower lateral anterior chest surface
during inspiration or expiration." - CORRECT ANSWER
friction rub A client who had a recent myocardial infarction is at risk for left-sided heart failure. ________ are breath sounds caused by movement of air through airways partially or intermittently occluded with fluid and are associated with heart failure and frothy sputum. These sounds are heard at the end of inspiration and are not cleared by coughing. -
CORRECT ANSWER crackles
Post-PTCA with stent placement, the nurse should plan to administer scheduled doses of what? This maintains the patency of the client's coronary arteries following the PTCA by preventing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
around the newly placed stent. - CORRECT ANSWER
aspirin Patients who receive numerous blood transfusions (eg a sickle cell patient) are at risk of what electrolyte imbalances? -
CORRECT ANSWER hyperkalemia - transfused blood
relases more K because of hemolysis hypocalcemia - the citrate in the transfused blood binds the calcium in blood so it's excreted The client who has received several blood transfusions is at risk for development of hemosiderosis, which is excess storage of ____ in the body. The excess can come from overuse of supplements or from receiving frequent blood transfusions, as
in sickle cell anemia. - CORRECT ANSWER iron
T/F: The nurse should instruct the client who has stomatitis to avoid the use of lemonglycerine swabs because they cause drying and irritation of the mucous membranes. -
