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ATI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
LATEST REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADE A
List the six (6) Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies, along with a brief description of each. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 1. Safety: Minimization of risk factors that could cause injury or harm while promoting quality care and maintaining a secure environment for clients, self, and others
- Patient-Centered Care: Provision of caring and compassionate, culturally sensitive care that addresses clients' physiological, psychological, sociological, spiritual, and cultural needs, preferences, and values
- Evidence-based Practice: Use of current knowledge from research and other credible sources on which to base clinical judgement and client care.
- Informatics: Use of information technology as a communication and information-gathering tool that supports clinical decision-making and scientifically based nursing practice
- Quality Improvement: Care-related and organizational processes that involve the development and implementation of a plan to improve health care services and better meet clients' needs
- teamwork and Collaboration: Delivery of client care in partnership with multidisciplinary members of the health care team to achieve continuity of care and positive client outcomes A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit. For which of the following client care needs should the nurse initiate a referral for a social worker? (Select all that apply.) A. A client who has terminal cancer requests hospice care in the home B. A client asks about community resources available for older adults C. A client states, "I would like to have my child baptized before surgery." D. A client requests an electric wheelchair for use after discharge E. A client states, "I do not understand how to use a nebulizer." - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A, B, D: Correct: Initiate a referral for a social worker to provide information and assistance in coordinating hospice care, availability of community resources, and obtaining medical equipment after d/c. C- Incorrect: Religious sacraments or prayers require a referral for spiritual support staff. E- Incorrect: Provide client teaching for concerns regarding the use of a nebulizer. If additional information is needed, initiate a referral for a respiratory therapist. A nurse is discussing restorative health care with a newly licensed nurse.
E. Medicaid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B, E- Correct: Medicare and Medicaid are federally funded. A, C, D - Incorrect: PPOs, Long-term care insurance, and EPOs are privately funded. A nurse manager is developing strategies to care for the increasing number of clients who have obesity. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as a primary health care strategy? A. Collaborating with providers to perform obesity screenings during routine office visits. B. Ensuring the availability of specialized beds in rehabilitation centers for clients who have obesity. C. Providing specialized intraoperative training in surgical treatments for obesity. D. Educating acute care nurses about postoperative complications related to obesity. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A- Correct: Identify obesity screenings at office visits as an example of primary health care. Primary health care emphasizes health promotion and disease control. B- Incorrect: Rehabilitation care is an example of restorative health care. C- Incorrect: Specialized and highly technical care is an example of tertiary health care. D- Incorrect: Acute care is an example of secondary health care.
A nurse is discussing the purpose of regulatory agencies during a staff meeting. Which of the following tasks should the nurse identify as the responsibility of state licensing boards? A. Monitoring evidence-based practice for clients who have a specific diagnosis B. Ensuring that health care providers comply with regulations C. Setting quality standards for accreditation of health care facilities D. Determining whether medications are safe for administration to clients - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B- Correct: Identify that state licensing boards are responsible for ensuring that health care providers and agencies comply with state regulations A.- Incorrect: Identify that utilization review committees have the responsibility of monitoring for appropriate diagnosis and treatment according to evidence-based practice. C- Incorrect: Identify that the Joint Commission has the responsibility of setting quality standards for accreditation of health care facilities D- Incorrect: Identify that the U.S FDA has the responsibility of determining whether medications are safe for administration to clients. A nurse is explaining the various levels of health care services to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following examples of care or care settings should the nurse classify as tertiary care? (Select all that apply.) A. Intensive care unit B. Oncology treatment center
C- Incorrect: A registered dietitian can help with educating the client about meeting nutritional needs, but cannot help with the client's physical limitations. A client who is postoperative following knee arthroplasty is concerned about the adverse effects of the medication prescribed for pain management. Which of the following members of the interprofessional care team can assist the client in understanding the medication's effects? (Select all that apply.) A. Provider B. Certified nursing assistant C. Pharmacist D. Registered nurse E. Respiratory therapist - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A, C , D- Correct: The provider, pharmacist, and registered nurse must be knowledgeable about any medication prescribed for the client, including its actions, effects, and interactions. B- Incorrect: it is not within the scope of a certified nursing assistant's duties to counsel a client about medications E- Incorrect: Although some analgesics can cause respiratory depression, requiring assistance from a respiratory therapist is not within this therapist's scope of practice to counsel the client about medications prescribed by the provider.
A client who had a cerebrovascular accident has persistent problems with dysphagia. The nurse caring for the client should initiate a referral with which of the following members of the interprofessional care team? A. Social worker B. Certified nursing assistant C. Occupational therapist D. Speech-language pathologist - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ D- Correct: A speech-language pathologist can initiate specific therapy for clients who have difficulty with feeding due to the swallowing difficulties. A- Incorrect: A social worker can coordinate community services to help the client, but not specifically with dysphagia. B- Incorrect: A certified nursing assistant can help the client with feeding, but cannot assess and treat dysphagia. C- Incorrect: An occupational therapist can assist clients who have motor challenges to improve abilities with self-care and work, but cannot assess and treat dysphagia. A nurse is acquainting a group of newly licensed nurses with the roles of the various members of the health care team they will encounter on a medicalsurgical unit. When providing examples of the types of tasks certified nursing assistants (CNAs) can perform, which of the following client activities should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Bathing B. Ambulating
- Nurse researcher: Conducts research primarily to improve the quality of client care. A nurse is caring for a client who decides not to have surgery despite significant blockages of the coronary arteries. The nurse understands that
this client's choice is an example of which of the following ethical principles? A. Fidelity B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B- Correct: In this situation, the client is exercising their right to make their own personal decision about surgery, regardless of others' opinions of what is "best" for them. This is an example of autonomy. A- Incorrect: Fidelity is the fulfillment of promises. The nurse has not made any promises, this is the client's decision. C- Incorrect: Justice is fairness in care delivery and in the use of resources. Because the client has chosen not to use them, this principle does not apply. D- Incorrect: Nonmaleficence is a commitment to do no harm. In this situation, harm can occur whether or not the client has surgery. However, because they choose not to, this principle does not apply. A nurse offers pain medication to a client who is postoperative prior to ambulation. The nurse understands that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles? A. Fidelity B. Autonomy C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C- Correct: Justice is fairness in care delivery and in the use of resources. By applying the same qualifications to all potential kidney transplant recipients, organ procurement organizations demonstrate this ethical principle in determining the allocation of these scarce resources. A- Incorrect: Fidelity is the fulfillment of promises. No one can promise anyone an organ. B- Incorrect: Autonomy is the right to make personal decisions, even when they are not necessarily in ther person's best interest. D- Incorrect: Nonmaleficence is a commitment to do no harm. In this situation, harm can occur to organ donors and to recipients. The requirements of the organ procurement organizations are standard procedures and do not address avoidance of harm or injury. A nurse questions a medication prescription as too extreme in light of the client's advanced age and unstable status. The nurse understands that this action is an example of which of the ethical principles? A. Fidelity B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ D- Correct: Nonmaleficence is a commitment to do no harm. In this situation, administering the medication can harm the client. By questioning it, the nurse is demonstrating this ethical principle.
A- Incorrect: Fidelity is the fulfillment of promises. B - Incorrect: Autonomy is the right to make personal decisions, even when they are not in the best interest of the client. C- Incorrect: Justice is fairness in care delivery and in the use of resources. A nurse is instructing a group of newly licensed nurses about how to know and what to expect when ethical dilemmas arise. Which of the following situations should the newly licensed nurses identify as an ethical dilemma? A. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit demonstrates signs of chemical impairment B. A nurse overhears another nurse telling an older adult client that if he doesn't stay in bed, she will have to apply restraints. C. A family has conflicting feelings about the initiation of enteral tube feedings for their father, who is terminally ill. D. A client who is terminally ill hesitates to name their partner on their durable power of attorney form. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C- Correct: Making the decision about initiating enteral tube feedings is an example of an ethical dilemma. A review of scientific data cannot resolve the issue, and it is not easy to resolve. The decision will have a profound effect on the situation and on the client. A- Incorrect: Delivering client care while showing signs of a substance use disorder is a legal issue, not an ethical dilemma. B- Incorrect: A nurse who threatens to restrain a client has committed assault. This is a legal issue, not an ethical dilemma.
D. Invasion of privacy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A- Correct: By threatening the client, the AP is committing assault. The AP's threats could make the client become fearful and apprehensive. B- Incorrect: Battery is actual physical contact without the client's consent. Because the AP has only verbally threatened the client, battery has not occurred. C- Incorrect: Unless the AP restrains the client , there is no false imprisonment involved. D- Incorrect: Invasion of privacy involves disclosing information about a client to an unauthorized individual. A nurse is caring for a competent adult client who tells the nurse, "I am leaving the hospital this morning whether the doctor discharges me or not." The nurse believes that this is not in the client's best interest, and prepares to administer a PRN sedative medication the client has not requested along with the scheduled morning medication. Which of the following types of tort is the nurse about to commit? A. Assault B. False imprisonment C. Negligence D. Breach of confidentiality - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B- Correct: Administering a medication as a chemical restraint to keep the client from leaving the facility against medical advice is false imprisonment, because the client neither requested nor consented to receiving the sedative.
A- Incorrect: Assault is an action that threatens harmful contact without the client's consent. C- Incorrect: Negligence is a breach of duty that results in harm to the client. it is unlikely that t the medication the nurse administered without his consent actually harmed the client. D- Incorrect: the nurse has not disclosed any protected health information, so there is no breach of confidentiality involved. A nurse in a surgeon's office is providing preoperative teaching for a client who is scheduled for surgery the following week. The client tells the nurse that he will prepare his advance directives before he goes to the hospital. Which of the following statements made by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of advance directives? A. "I'd rather have my brother make decisions for me, but I know it has to be my wife." B. "I know they won't go ahead with the surgery unless I prepare these forms." C. "I plan to write that I don't want them to keep me on a breathing machine." D. "I will get my regular doctor to approve my plan before I hand it in at the hospital." - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C- Correct: The client has the right to decide and specify which medical procedures he wants when a lifethreatening situation arises. A- Incorrect: The client can designate any competent adult to be his health care proxy. it does not have to be his spouse.
A nurse has noticed several occasions in the past week when another nurse on the unit seemed drowsy & unable to focus on the issue at hand. Today, she found the nurse asleep in a chair in the break room when she was not on break. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Alert the American Nurses Association B. Fill out an incident report C. Report the observation to the nurse manager on the unit D. Leave the nurse alone to sleep. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C- Correct: Any nurse who notices behavior that could jeopardize client care or could indicate a substance use disorder has a duty to report the situation immediately to the nurse manager. A- Incorrect: Do not alert the American Nurses Association. The state's board of nursing regulates disciplinary action and can revoke a nurse's license for substance use. B- Incorrect: Do not fill out an incident report. Incident reports are filed to document an accident or unusual occurrence. D- Incorrect: Do not leave the nurse alone to sleep. Although the nurse is not responsible for solving the problem, she does not have a duty to take action because she has observed the problem. List the five (5) elements necessary to prove negligence and at least four (4) ways nurses can avoid liability for negligence. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ Proving negligence:
- Duty to provide care as defined by a standard
- Breach of duty by failure to meet standard
- Forseeability of harm
- Breach of duty has potential to cause harm
- Harm occurs Nursing interventions:
- Following standards of care
- Giving competent care
- Communicating with other health team members
- Developing a caring rapport with clients
- Fully documenting assessments, interventions, and evaluations A nurse is preparing information for a change-of-shift report. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the report? A. Input and Output for the shift B. Blood pressure from the previous day C. Bone scan scheduled for today D. Medication routine from the medication administration record - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C- Correct: The bone scan is important because the nurse might have to modify the client's care to accommodate leaving the unit. A, B, D - Incorrect: Unless there is a significant change in the intake and output, blood pressure, or medication routine, the oncoming nurse can read that information in the chart.
