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ATI PHARMACOLOGY
PROCTORED EXAM LATEST
REAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADE A
A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client experiences permanent extrapyramidal effects caused by a previous medication. The nurse should recognize that the medication affected which of the following systems in the client? A. Cardiovascular B. Immune C. Central nervous D. Gastrointestinal - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C. Central nervous (The nurse should realize that extrapyramidal effects are movement disorders that can be caused by a number of central nervous system medications, such as typical antipsychotic medications) A nurse is caring for a client who is taking oral Oxycodone The client states he is also taking Ibuprofen in three recommended doses daily. The nurse should identify that an interaction between these two medications will cause which of the following findings?
A. A decrease in serum levels of ibuprofen, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of this medication B. A decrease in serum levels of oxycodone, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of this medication C. An increase in the expected therapeutic effect of both medications D. An increase in expected adverse effects for both medications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C. An increase in the expected therapeutic effect of both medications (These medications work together to increase the pain-relieving effects of both medications. Oxycodone is a narcotic analgesic, and ibuprofen is an NSAID. They work by different mechanisms, but pain is better relieved when they are taken together) A provider prescribes phenobarbital for a client who has a seizure disorder. The medication has a long half-life of 4 days. How many times per day should the nurse expect to administer this medication? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A. One (Medications with long half-lives remain at their therapeutic levels between doses for long periods of time. The nurse should expect to administer this medication once a day.)
D. Drop the medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac. E. Instruct the client to close her eye gently after instillation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B. Ask the client to look up at the ceiling. D. Drop the medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac. E. Instruct the client to close her eye gently after instillation (B. The client should look upward to keep the drops from falling onto her cornea. D. The nurse should drop the medication into the center of the conjunctival sac to promote distribution. E. The client should close her eye gently to promote distribution of the medication) A nurse is completing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for transdermal patches. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions? A. "I will clean the site with an alcohol swab before I apply the patch." B. "I will rotate the application sites weekly." C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair." D. "I will place the new patch on the site of the old patch. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair." (The client should apply the patch to a hairless area of skin to promote absorption of the medication.)
A nurse reviewing a client's medical record notes a new prescription for verifying the trough level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Obtain a blood specimen immediately prior to administering the next dose of medication. B. Verify that the client has been taking the medication for 24 hr before obtaining a blood specimen. C. Ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication. D. Administer the medication,and obtain a blood specimen 30 min late
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A. Obtain a blood specimen immediately prior to administering the next dose of medication. (To verify trough levels of a medication, the nurse should obtain a blood specimen immediately before administering the next dose of medication.) A nurse is preparing a client's medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse take in following legal practice guidelines? (Select all that apply.) A. Maintain skill competency. B. Determine the dosage. C. Monitor for adverse effects. D. Safeguard medications. E. Identify the client's diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A. Maintain skill competency.
A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for Ondansetron 4 mg PO PRN for nausea and vomiting for a client who has Hyperemesis Gravidarum. The nurse should clarify which of the following parts of the prescription with the provider? A. Name B. Dosage C. Route D. Frequency - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ D. Frequency (This prescription does not include the time or frequency of medication administration. The nurse must clarify this with the prescribing provide) A nurse is admitting a client and completing a preassessment before administering medications. Which of the following data should the nurse include in the preassessment? (Select all that apply.) A. Use of herbal teas B. Daily fluid intake C. Current health status D. Previous surgical history E. Food allergies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A. Use of herbal teas C. Current health status E. Food allergies
(A. The nurse should inquire about the client's use of herbal products, which often contain caffeine, prior to medication administration because caffeine can affect medication biotransformation C. The nurse should review the client's current health status because new prescriptions can cause alterations in current health status E. The nurse should inquire about food allergies during the preassessment to identify any potential reactions or interactions) A nurse orienting a newly licensed nurse is reviewing the procedure for taking a telephone prescription. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the newly licensed nurse understands the process? A. "A second nurse enters the prescription into the client's medical record." B. "Another nurse should listen to the phone call." C. "The provider can clarify the prescription when he signs the health record." D. "I should omit the 'read back' if this is a one-time prescription - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B. "Another nurse should listen to the phone call." (A second nurse should listen to a telephone prescription to prevent errors in communication.) A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin 1 g by intermittent IV bolus. Available is vancomycin 1 g in 100 mL of dextrose 5% in water (D5W) to
nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 4 A nurse is preparing to administer heparin 15,000 units subcutaneously every 12 hr. The amount available is heparin injection 20,000 units/mL.
How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Do not use a trailing zero. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 0. A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 650 mg PO every 6 hr PRN for pain. The amount available is acetaminophen liquid 500 mg/5 mL. how many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 6. A nurse is preparing to administer dextrose 5% in water (D5W) 750 mL IV to infuse over 6 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ 125 A nurse is assessing a client's IV infusion site. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of phlebitis? (Select all that apply.) A. Pallor B. Dampness C. Erythema D. Coolness E. Pain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C. Erythema E. Pain
(The nurse should distend the veins using a blood pressure cuff to reduce overfilling of the vein,which can result in a hematoma) A nurse assessing a client's IV catheter insertion site notes a hematoma. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Stop the infusion. B. Apply alcohol to the insertion site. C. Apply warm compresses to the insertion site D. Elevate the client's arm. E. Obtain a specimen for culture at the insertion site - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C. Apply warm compresses to the insertion site D. Elevate the client's arm. (C. Warm compresses can help promote healing of a hematoma. D. Elevation of the arm helps reduce edema, which can cause pressure and pain and additional bleeding in the area of the hematoma.) A nurse in a clinic is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should contact the provider about a potential contraindication to a medication for which of the following clients? (Select all that apply.) A. A client at 8 weeks of gestation who asks for an Influenza immunization B. A client who takes Prednisone and has a possible Fungal infection
C. A client who has chronic liver disease and is taking Hydrocodone D. A client who has Peptic Ulcer Disease, takes Sucralfate, and tells the nurse she has started taking OTC Aluminum Hydroxide E. A client who has a prosthetic heart valve, takes Warfarin, and reports a suspected pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B. A client who takes Prednisone and has a possible Fungal infection C. A client who has chronic liver disease and is taking Hydrocodone E. A client who has a prosthetic heart valve, takes Warfarin, and reports a suspected pregnancy (B. Glucocorticoids should not be taken by a client who has a possible systemic fungal infection. The nurse should recognize a contraindication and notify the provider. C. Acetaminophen is contraindicated due to toxicity for a client who has a liver disorder. The nurse should notify the provider, who can prescribe a medication that does not contain acetaminophen. E. Warfarin is a Pregnancy Category X medication, which can cause severe birth defects to the fetus. The nurse should notify the provider about the suspected pregnancy) A nurse is preparing to administer an IM dose of penicillin to a client who has a new prescription. The client states she took penicillin 3 years ago and developed a rash. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer the prescribed dose.
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following pharmacokinetic principles should the nurse consider when administering medications to this client? (Select all that apply.) A. Infants have a more rapid gastric emptying time. B. Infants have immature liver function. C. Infants' blood-brain barrier is poorly developed. D. Infants have an increased ability to absorb topical medications. E. Infants have an increased number of protein-binding sites. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ B. Infants have immature liver function. C. Infants' blood- brain barrier is poorly developed. D. Infants have an increased ability to absorb topical medications. (B. Infants have immature liver function until 1 year of age. The nurse should administer medications the liver metabolizes in smaller dosages. C. Infants have a poorly developed blood-brain barrier, which places them at risk for adverse effects from medications that pass through the blood-brain barrier. The nurse should administer these medications in smaller dosages. D. Because infants have more blood flowing to the skin and their skin is thin, their medication absorption is increased, making them prone to toxicity from topical medications)
A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the medical record of a client who is pregnant and is at her first prenatal visit. Which of the following immunizations may the nurse administer safely to this client? A. Varicella vaccine B. Rubella vaccine C. Inactivated influenza vaccine D. Measles vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C. Inactivated influenza vaccine (During influenza season, providers recommend the inactivated influenza vaccine for women who are pregnant) A nurse on a medical-surgical unit administers a hypnotic medication to an older adult client at 2100. The next morning, the client is drowsy and wants to sleep instead of eating breakfast. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a possible reason for the client's drowsiness? A. Reduced cardiac function B. First-pass effect C. Reduced hepatic function D. Increased gastric motility - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ C. Reduced hepatic function (Older adults have reduced hepatic function, which can prolong the effects of medications the liver metabolizes. The client probably needs a lower dosage of the hypnotic medication)
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for Buspirone to treat Anxiety. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. "Take this medication on an empty stomach" B. "Expect optimal therapeutic effects within 24 hr." C. "Take this medication when needed for anxiety" D. "This medication has a low risk for dependency." - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ D. "This medication has a low risk for dependency." (Buspirone has a low risk for physical or psychological dependence or tolerance.) A nurse is teaching a client who has OCD and has a new prescription for Paroxetine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "It can take several weeks before you feel like the medication is helping." B. "Take the medication just before bedtime to promote sleep." C. "You should take the medication when needed for obsessive urges." D. "Monitor for weight gain while taking this medication." - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A. "It can take several weeks before you feel like the medication is helping." (Paroxetine can take 1 to 4 weeks before the client reaches full therapeutic benefit.)
A nurse is caring for a client who takes Paroxetine to treat PTSD and reports that he grinds his teeth during the night. The nurse should identify which of the following interventions to manage Bruxism? (Select all that apply.) A. Concurrent administration of buspirone B. Administration of a different SSRI C. Use of a mouth guard D. Changing to a different class of antidepressant medication E. Increasing the dose of paroxetine - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ A. Concurrent administration of buspirone C. Use of a mouth guard D. Changing to a different class of antidepressant medication (A. Concurrent administration of a low dose of buspirone is an effective measure to manage the adverse effects of paroxetine C.Using a mouth guard during sleep can decrease the risk for oral damage resulting from bruxism. D. Changing to different class of antidepressant medication that does not have the adverse effect of bruxism is an effective measure) A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Phenelzine for the treatment of depression. Which of the following indicates that the client has developed an adverse effect of this medication?
