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ATI RN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL EXAM ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2025 TO 202, Exams of Surgical Pathology

1. A nurse is caring for a client who is 8 hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. The client is unable to void on the bedpan. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A) Assist the client to the bathroom B) Encourage the client to drink fluids C) Scan the bladder with a portable ultrasound D) Insert a urinary catheter Correct answer: C) Scan the bladder with a portable ultrasound Rationale: The first step is to assess the client. Using a portable ultrasound to scan the bladder determines the amount of urine present, guiding further intervention. 2. A nurse is planning a health promotion presentation for a group of African American clients at a community center. Which disorder presents the greatest risk to this group? A) Diabetes mellitus B) Hypertension C) Asthma D) Osteoporosis Correct answer: B) Hypertension Rationale: Hypertension prevalence is highest among African American clients compared to other ethnic gro

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ATI RN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL
EXAM ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF
THE EXAM FROM 2025 TO 2026 |
ACCURATE AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
NEXT GEN FORMAT | GUARANTEED
PASS
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is 8 hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty.
The client is unable to void on the bedpan. Which of the following actions should the nurse
take first?
A) Assist the client to the bathroom
B) Encourage the client to drink fluids
C) Scan the bladder with a portable ultrasound
D) Insert a urinary catheter
Correct answer: C) Scan the bladder with a portable ultrasound
Rationale: The first step is to assess the client. Using a portable ultrasound to scan the bladder
determines the amount of urine present, guiding further intervention.
2. A nurse is planning a health promotion presentation for a group of African American clients
at a community center. Which disorder presents the greatest risk to this group?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Hypertension
C) Asthma
D) Osteoporosis
Correct answer: B) Hypertension
Rationale: Hypertension prevalence is highest among African American clients compared to
other ethnic groups, posing a significant health risk.
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Download ATI RN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL EXAM ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2025 TO 202 and more Exams Surgical Pathology in PDF only on Docsity!

ATI RN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL

EXAM ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF

THE EXAM FROM 2025 TO 2026 |

ACCURATE AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |

NEXT GEN FORMAT | GUARANTEED

PASS

1. A nurse is caring for a client who is 8 hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. The client is unable to void on the bedpan. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A) Assist the client to the bathroom B) Encourage the client to drink fluids C) Scan the bladder with a portable ultrasound D) Insert a urinary catheter Correct answer: C) Scan the bladder with a portable ultrasound Rationale: The first step is to assess the client. Using a portable ultrasound to scan the bladder determines the amount of urine present, guiding further intervention. 2. A nurse is planning a health promotion presentation for a group of African American clients at a community center. Which disorder presents the greatest risk to this group? A) Diabetes mellitus B) Hypertension C) Asthma D) Osteoporosis Correct answer: B) Hypertension Rationale: Hypertension prevalence is highest among African American clients compared to other ethnic groups, posing a significant health risk.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which finding indicates the client's condition is improving? A) Glucose 400 mg/dL B) Glucose 272 mg/dL C) Glucose 350 mg/dL D) Glucose 500 mg/dL Correct answer: B) Glucose 272 mg/dL Rationale: A blood glucose level below 300 mg/dL indicates improvement in DKA. 4. A nurse is caring for a client 10 minutes after extubation of an endotracheal tube. Which finding should the nurse report immediately? A) Mild cough B) Stridor C) Hoarseness D) Dry throat Correct answer: B) Stridor Rationale: Stridor signals airway narrowing or obstruction and requires immediate reporting and intervention. 5. A nurse is caring for a client who had a nephrostomy tube inserted 112 hours ago. Which finding should the nurse report to the provider? A) Mild fatigue B) Back pain C) Slight swelling around the insertion site D) Clear drainage Correct answer: B) Back pain Rationale: Back pain may indicate tube dislodgement or clogging, necessitating prompt evaluation. 6. A nurse is admitting a client with active tuberculosis (TB). Which type of transmission precautions should the nurse initiate?

C) "I will avoid handwashing after meals." D) "I will avoid wearing gloves when cleaning wounds." Correct answer: B) "I will no longer floss my teeth after brushing." Rationale: Avoiding flossing helps prevent gum inflammation and potential infection.

10. A nurse is teaching a client with hypertension and a new prescription for verapamil. What should the nurse include? A) "Increase fiber intake to avoid constipation." B) "Limit fluid intake to prevent swelling." C) "Avoid exercise until medication is stable." D) "Take medication only when symptoms occur." Correct answer: A) "Increase fiber intake to avoid constipation." Rationale: Constipation is a common side effect of verapamil; increasing fiber helps manage this. 11. A nurse is educating a client at risk for osteoporosis. Which instruction should be included? A) Avoid all physical activity B) Walk for 30 minutes four times per week C) Only perform stretching exercises D) Limit calcium intake Correct answer: B) Walk for 30 minutes four times per week Rationale: Weight-bearing exercises like walking help maintain bone density and prevent osteoporosis. 12. A nurse is teaching a perimenopausal client on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which symptom requires immediate reporting? A) Calf pain B) Mild fatigue C) Occasional dizziness D) Dry skin

Correct answer: A) Calf pain Rationale: Calf pain may indicate deep vein thrombosis, a serious adverse effect of HRT that needs urgent evaluation.

13. Which of the following are also urgent symptoms related to HRT and require immediate reporting? A) Numbness in the arm B) Intense headache C) Both A and B D) Mild joint pain Correct answer: C) Both A and B Rationale: Numbness and intense headaches can indicate cerebrovascular accidents, serious adverse effects of HRT. 14. A nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a postoperative client after abdominal surgery who reports feeling something "popped" when coughing. What action is needed? A) Continue routine care B) Revise the plan of care due to possible wound dehiscence C) Encourage more coughing to prevent pneumonia D) Document and reassess in 24 hours Correct answer: B) Revise the plan of care due to possible wound dehiscence Rationale: The popping sensation may indicate wound separation, requiring prompt care plan revision. 15. A nurse is caring for a client with hypothyroidism. Which manifestation is expected? A) Diarrhea B) Constipation C) Increased appetite D) Weight loss Correct answer: B) Constipation Rationale: Decreased metabolism in hypothyroidism slows GI motility, leading to constipation.

A) 20 mL B) 24 mL C) 30 mL D) 12 mL Correct answer: B) 24 mL Rationale: Use ratio calculation: (600 mg ÷ 125 mg) × 5 mL = 24 mL.

20. A nurse is preparing preoperative teaching for a client scheduled for mastectomy. Which statement should the nurse make? A) "You will not need any support after surgery." B) "I will refer you to community resources that can provide support." C) "You should avoid all physical activity after surgery." D) "You will not experience body image changes." Correct answer: B) "I will refer you to community resources that can provide support." Rationale: Referral to support resources helps with emotional adjustment to body image changes. 21. A nurse is planning care for a client scheduled for thoracentesis. Which intervention should be included? A) Encourage the client to lie flat after the procedure B) Encourage the client to take deep breaths after the procedure C) Avoid coughing post-procedure D) Restrict fluids after the procedure Correct answer: B) Encourage the client to take deep breaths after the procedure Rationale: Deep breathing helps re-expand the lung after thoracentesis. 22. A nurse provides discharge instructions to a client with laryngeal cancer receiving radiation therapy. Which statement indicates understanding? A) "I will avoid direct exposure to the sun." B) "I will sunbathe daily to help healing." C) "I will not need to protect my skin after radiation." D) "I can use tanning beds safely."

Correct answer: A) "I will avoid direct exposure to the sun." Rationale: Radiation-treated skin is sensitive and must be protected from sun damage for at least one year.

23. A nurse is assessing a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which nonpharmacological intervention should be suggested to reduce pain? A) Alternate the application of heat and cold to affected joints B) Avoid all joint movement C) Use only cold applications D) Apply heat continuously Correct answer: A) Alternate the application of heat and cold to affected joints Rationale: Alternating heat and cold reduces inflammation, stiffness, and pain. 24. Which finding indicates fluid volume overload? A) Dry mucous membranes B) Distended neck veins C) Hypotension D) Tachycardia Correct answer: B) Distended neck veins Rationale: Distended neck veins are a classic sign of fluid volume overload. 25. A nurse plans care for a client with a modified radical mastectomy. When should the nurse instruct the client that the drain will be removed? A) When output is 100 mL or less in 24 hours B) When output is 25 mL or less in 24 hours C) After 3 days regardless of output D) After 1 week regardless of output Correct answer: B) When output is 25 mL or less in 24 hours Rationale: Drain removal occurs when output is minimal, typically 25 mL or less per 24 hours. 26. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is perimenopausal and has a prescription for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which of the following symptoms should the client report immediately?

C) Weight loss D) Tachycardia Correct answer: B) Constipation Rationale: Hypothyroidism slows metabolism causing decreased GI motility and constipation.

30. A nurse is caring for a client with a cervical spinal cord injury who has a heart rate of 52/min. This finding indicates which condition? A) Autonomic dysreflexia B) Tachycardia C) Normal heart rate D) Hypovolemia Correct answer: A) Autonomic dysreflexia Rationale: Bradycardia (HR less than 60) is a sign of autonomic dysreflexia, a life-threatening emergency in spinal cord injury. 31. A nurse is caring for a client with an arterial line. What action should the nurse take? A) Place a pressure bag around the flush solution B) Clamp the line when not in use C) Use heparin flush only D) Avoid flushing the line Correct answer: A) Place a pressure bag around the flush solution Rationale: The pressure bag maintains pressure to prevent blood from backflowing into the line. 32. A nurse reviews the record of a client with osteomyelitis prescribed gentamicin. Which finding requires withholding the medication and notifying the provider? A) Elevated serum creatinine B) Low white blood cell count C) Normal liver enzymes D) Normal blood pressure Correct answer: A) Elevated serum creatinine Rationale: Gentamicin is nephrotoxic; elevated creatinine indicates impaired kidney function and risk of toxicity.

33. A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin 600 mg PO daily. The medication available is oral solution 125 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? A) 20 mL B) 24 mL C) 30 mL D) 12 mL Correct answer: B) 24 mL Rationale: (600 mg ÷ 125 mg) × 5 mL = 24 mL. 34. A nurse provides preoperative teaching for a client scheduled for mastectomy. Which statement is appropriate? A) "You will not need support after surgery." B) "I will refer you to community resources for support." C) "Avoid physical activity completely after surgery." D) "You will not experience changes in body image." Correct answer: B) "I will refer you to community resources for support." Rationale: Community resources assist with coping and body image adjustments post- mastectomy. 35. A nurse is planning care for a client scheduled for thoracentesis. Which intervention should the nurse include? A) Encourage lying flat after procedure B) Encourage deep breathing after procedure C) Discourage coughing after procedure D) Restrict fluids after procedure Correct answer: B) Encourage deep breathing after procedure Rationale: Deep breathing helps lung re-expansion post-thoracentesis. 36. A nurse provides discharge instructions to a client receiving radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer. Which statement indicates understanding?

Correct answer: B) When output is 25 mL or less in 24 hours Rationale: Drains are typically removed once output decreases to 25 mL or less over 24 hours. A nurse is providing postoperative teaching for a client who had a total knee arthroplasty. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? - answer_Flex the foot every hour when awake. Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to flex the foot every hour to reduce the risk for thromboembolism and promote venous return. A nurse is caring for a client who has a pneumothorax and a closed-chest drainage system. Which of the following findings is an indication of lung re-expansion? - answer_Bubbling in the water seal chamber has ceased. Rationale: Bubbling in the water seal chamber ceases when the lung re-expands. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is taking warfarin for chronic atrial fibrillation. Which of the following values should the nurse identify as a desired outcome for this therapy? - answer_INR 2. Rationale: Clients receive warfarin therapy to decrease the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or pulmonary emboli (PE) from blood clots. Since warfarin is an anticoagulant, the medication must be monitored to ensure the anticoagulation is within the therapeutic range and prevent hemorrhage (high levels of anticoagulation) or stroke, MI, or PE (low levels of anticoagulation). An INR of 2.5 is within the targeted therapeutic range of 2 to 3 for a client who has atrial fibrillation. A home health nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a stage 1 pressure injury on the greater trochanter of his left hip. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? - answer_Change position every hour Rationale: Changing position every 1 to 2 hr decreases pressure on bony prominences. The nurse should also instruct the client to limit the angle of the hips when in a lateral position to no more than 30°. This positioning prevents direct pressure on the trochanter. A nurse is assessing a client following the completion of hemodialysis. Which of the following findings is the nurse's priority to report to the provider? - answer_Restlessness

Rationale: Using the urgent vs. nonurgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the priority finding to report to the provider is restlessness, which can be an indication the client is experiencing disequilibrium syndrome. Disequilibrium syndrome is caused by the rapid removal of electrolytes from the client's blood and can lead to dysrhythmias or seizures. Other manifestations include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and headache. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mechanical ventilation via a tracheostomy tube. The nurse should recognize that which of he following complications is associated with long- term mechanical ventilation? - answer_Stress ulcers Rationale: Stress ulcers in clients who are receiving long-term mechanical ventilation are caused by elevated levels of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Stress ulcers increase the risk for systemic infection and require pharmacological treatment. A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes insipidus. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? - answer_Low urine specific gravity Rationale: An expected finding for a client who has diabetes insipidus is a urine specific gravity between 1.001 and 1.005. Decreased water reabsorption by the renal tubules is caused by an alteration in antidiuretic hormone release or the kidneys' responsiveness to the hormone. A nurse is assessing for compartment syndrome in a client who has a short leg cast. Which f the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of this condition? - answer_Pain that increases with passive movement Rationale: The nurse should identify that a client who has compartment syndrome experiences pain that increases with passive movement. Compartment syndrome results from a decrease in blood flow in the extremity caused by a decrease in the muscle compartment size due to a cast that is too tight. A nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and notes clots in the client's indwelling urinary catheter and a decrease in urinary output. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - answer_Irrigate the indwelling urinary catheter.

A nurse is updating the plan of care for a client who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the priority? - answer_Report of a sore throat Rationale: When using the urgent vs. nonurgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the priority finding is a report of a sore throat, which could be a manifestation of an infection. The client is at risk for neutropenia due to myelosuppression; therefore, an infection could lead to sepsis. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has anemia and a new prescription for an oral iron supplement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? - answer_"I will eat more high-fiber foods" Rationale: The client should eat high-fiber foods to help prevent constipation, which is a common adverse effect of oral iron supplements. A nurse is administering packed RBCs to a client. Which of the following assessment findings indicates a hemolytic transfusion reaction? - answer_Low back pain and apprehension Rationale: Hemolytic transfusion reactions result from the infusion of incompatible blood products and create a systemic inflammatory response. Manifestations include low back pain, hypotension, tachycardia, and apprehension. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is to self-administer heparin subcutaneously. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? - answer_"I will use an electric razor to shave." Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant that places the client at the risk for bleeding. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to use an electric razor when shaving to reduce the risk of cuts to the skin. A nurse is teaching a client about osteoporosis prevention. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following medications can increase their risk for developing osteoporosis? - answer_Prednisone Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client that prednisone can increase the risk for developing osteoporosis due to suppression of bone formation, and an increase in bone resorption by osteoclasts. Prednisone can also reduce intestinal absorption of calcium.

A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about pain management for older adult clients. Which of the following statements by a newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching? - answer_"Ibuprofen can cause gastrointestinal bleeding in older adult clients." Rationale: A common adverse effect of ibuprofen is gastrointestinal bleeding, and older adult clients have an increased risk for gastrointestinal toxicity and bleeding. A nurse is teaching a family about the care of a parent who has a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? - answer_Create complete outfits and allow the client to select one each day. Rationale: The family should place completed outfits on hangers and allow the client to select which one to wear each day. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is waiting for a kidney transplant. Which of the following information should the nurse provide? - answer_Hemodialysis is sometimes required following surgery. Rationale: When a kidney comes from a deceased donor, it might not function immediately, requiring the recipient to continue hemodialysis postoperatively. A nurse is providing follow-up care for a client who sustained a compound fracture 3 weeks ago. The nurse should recognize that an unexpected finding for which of the following laboratory values is a manifestation of osteomyelitis and should be reported to the provider? - answer_Sedimentation rate Rationale: An increased sedimentation rate occurs when a client has any type of inflammatory process, such as osteomyelitis. A nurse is caring for a client who is 4 hr postoperative following an open reduction internal fixation of the right ankle. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse report to the provider? - answer_Extremely cool upon palpation

Rationale: Clients who have an avocado allergy might have an allergic reaction or a sensitivity to latex. Allergies to certain fruits, such as strawberries and bananas, can also indicate latex allergy or sensitivity. A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative following laparotomy and has a closed- suction drain. which of the following actions should the nurse take to manage the drain? - answer_Compress the drain reservoir after emptying. Rationale: Compressing the reservoir creates a vacuum that draws fluid out of the wound, through the drain, and into the reservoir. A nurse is caring for a client who has terminal cancer. The client tells the nurse, "I wish I could stop these treatments. I am ready to die." Which of the following statements should the nurse make? - answer_"Discontinuing with the treatments is your choice if it is your wish to do so." Rationale: The nurse should recognize the client's right to refuse the treatments and inform the client of this right. The nurse should advocate for the client and offer to contact the provider for the client. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dementia and requires acute care for a respiratory infection. The client is agitated and is attempting to remove their IV catheter. Which of the following actions should nurse take to avoid restraining the client? - answer_Keep the client occupied with a manual activity. Rationale: The nurse should provide the client with a manual activity such as a puzzle or an art project. This can help to distract the client from the IV catheter. A nurse is caring for a client who has breast cancer and tells the nurse that they would like to have acupuncture because it provides greater relief than pain medication. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? - answer_"I can speak with the provider about incorporating acupuncture into your treatment plan." Rationale: The nurse should serve as an advocate for the client by acting on behalf of the client and offering to speak with the provider. The client has the right to make choices and decisions about their treatment and the nurse should support these decisions and assist the client to carry them out.

A nurse is obtaining a medication history from a client who is scheduled to undergo cataract surgery. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client medications is a contraindication for the surgery and notify the provider? - answer_Warfarin Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant, which increases the client's risk for bleeding, and is contraindicated for a client scheduled for eye or central nervous system surgery. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has aplastic anemia. Which of the following findings indicates a potential complication? - answer_WBC count 2,000/mm Rationale: A WBC count of 2,000/mm3 is below the expected reference range and indicates a risk for severe immunosuppression. A nurse in an emergency department is assessing an older adult client who has a fractured wrist following a fall. During the assessment, the client states, "Last week I crashed my car because my vision suddenly became blurry." Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? - answer_Check the client's neurologic status. Rationale: The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. Therefore, the nurse should first check the neurologic status of the client. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for psyllium. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? - answer_Drink 240 mL (8 oz) of water after administration. Rationale: The client should follow each dose of psyllium with an additional 240 mL (8 oz) of liquid. A nurse is preparing to present a program about prevention of atherosclerosis at a health fair. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse plan to include? (Select all that apply.) - answer_Following a smoke cessation program Maintain an appropriate weight Eat a low-fat diet