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A comprehensive collection of questions and answers covering various medical topics relevant to a nursing capstone assessment. It includes key terms, conditions, treatments, and nursing interventions, useful for students preparing for the exam. The content is organized for quick reference and review, making it a valuable study aid for nursing students.
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Cor Pulmonale
Right-sided heart failure due to lung issues.
Alzheimer's Care
Assist clients with feeding and daily activities.
Subdural Hematoma
Blood collection between brain and dura mater.
Cerebral Edema
Swelling of the brain due to fluid accumulation.
Vaginal Discharge
Increased discharge may indicate complications in pregnancy.
Subtotal Thyroidectomy
Surgical removal of part of the thyroid gland.
Haldol Side Effects
Milk production due to prolactin increase from medication.
Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (IPD)
Dialysis method using the peritoneum for filtration.
C. difficile Precautions
Use gowns and gloves for family visiting infected clients.
Oliguria
Low urine output, indicating possible kidney issues.
Rebound Tenderness
Pain upon release of pressure in the abdomen.
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
Abnormal breathing pattern with periods of apnea.
Potassium Chloride
Electrolyte supplement used for hypokalemia.
Calcium Gluconate
Used to treat hypocalcemia and cardiac issues.
Suction Equipment
Devices used to clear airway obstructions.
Cloudy Dialysate Outflow
Indicates possible infection during dialysis.
Haloperidol
Antipsychotic medication for managing severe agitation.
Serum Potassium
Critical lab value to monitor with spironolactone.
Valproic Acid Monitoring
Check thrombocytes and liver function regularly.
Nursing Assistant Role
Supportive tasks under RN supervision for clients.
Client Safety
Assess gait to prevent falls in dementia patients.
Flumazenil
A medication used to treat symptoms of benzodiazepine overdose.
Levodopa/Carbidopa
A medication prescribed for Parkinson's disease that requires monitoring for orthostatic hypotension.
Lithium Carbonate
A medication that can lead to toxicity when taken with NSAIDs like ibuprofen, which increase renal reabsorption.
Nutritional Status Improvement
The best indication after 4 days of TPN is a patient's albumin level of 4.0 mg/dL.
Promoting Client Independence
The nurse should instruct the client to focus on gradually resuming self-care tasks.
Phlebitis Management
After removing the IV catheter, the nurse should place a warm compress over the IV site.
Client Autonomy
A client's decision not to have surgery despite significant blockages is an example of autonomy.
Wound Irrigation Procedure
The nurse should cleanse the wound from the center outwards.
NG Tube Irrigation
To maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, 0.9% sodium chloride should be used for irrigation.
Dementia Injury Prevention
Using a bed exit alarm system minimizes the risk for injury in clients with dementia.
Tuberculosis Care
Place the client in a negative pressure room and wear gloves when assisting with oral care.
Indwelling Urinary Catheter Removal
Pouring warm water over the client's perineum is an intervention for difficulty voiding.
24 - Hour Urine Collection Understanding
A client statement indicating understanding of the procedure is required.
Bowel Movement
Defecation process involving stool elimination.
Urine Specimen
Sample of urine for diagnostic testing.
Digoxin Toxicity
Ethical Principle of Justice
Fair treatment and equal access to healthcare.
Warfarin
Anticoagulant medication requiring monitoring for interactions.
Delegation
Assigning tasks to appropriate personnel in healthcare.
Respiratory Depression
Decreased breathing rate or effort, a medication side effect.
Oxygen Safety
Precautions to prevent fire hazards with oxygen use.
Food Poisoning Prevention
Cooking meat to safe temperatures to avoid illness.
Passive Smoking
Inhaling smoke from others' cigarettes, harmful to health.
Serum Albumin Level
Indicator of nutritional status, normal range 3.5-5 g/dL.
Pain Management
Providing analgesics to alleviate discomfort post-surgery.
Amitriptyline
Antidepressant requiring caution with position changes.
Cane Usage
Using a cane on the strong side for support.
Norton Scale
Assessment tool for pressure ulcer risk.
Compression garments to prevent blood clots post-surgery.
Applying a sterile dressing to a pressure ulcer
ansC
A nurse questions a med prescription as too extreme and light of the clients advanced age and unstable status.
This action is an example of which ethical principle - ansD
Initial positive outcome of treatment for a victim of sexual abuse
The client verbalizes that s/he is not responsible for the sexual abuse - ans
Antihypertensive medication advice
Teach the client to change position slowly to avoid dizziness or fainting - ansteach
Intervention for a patient experiencing constipation post-colostomy surgery
Suggest fluid intake of at least 2 L per day - ansC
Positive Chvostek's sign
The nurse would anticipate IV administration of calcium gluconate - anscalcium gluconate
Most indicative comment of a dissociative disorder
I don't know who I am and I don't know where I live - ans
Adverse effect of Verapamil
Avoid grapefruit juice - ans
Adverse effects of ferrous sulfate
Constipation; upset stomach; black or dark-colored stools; or temporary staining of the teeth - ans
Nursing diagnosis priority for left-sided hemiparesis post-CVA
Alteration in skin integrity related to decrease in tissue oxygenation - ans
Nursing intervention for a client with a nasogastric tube who becomes nauseated
Aspirate the gastric contents with a syringe - ans
Assessment to report after head injury in a child
There is clear fluid draining from the client's right ear - ans
Nursing care plan post-open reduction and internal fixation of femoral head
Cough and deep breathe - ans
Important nursing intervention for a client receiving haloperidol
Monitor vital signs, especially blood pressure, every 30 minutes - ans
Assignment LPN should question
Replacing the cartridge and tubing on a PCA pump - ansD
Age when bone loss begins with osteoporosis
At age 35 (women) - ans
Normal Calcium levels
8.6-10 mg/dL - ans
Therapeutic outcome of Baclofen (Lioresal)
Decrease the frequency and severity of muscle spasms (MS) - ans
Bladder retraining for urge incontinence
Use timed voidings to increase intervals between voidings/decrease voiding frequency - ans
Kegel exercises
Exercises performed to strengthen pelvic floor musclBowel elimination specimen collection
Collect stool specimens for serial fecal occult blood testing 3 times from 3 different defecations.
Case Management nursing
Involves decreasing cost by improving client outcomes, providing education to optimize health participation, and advocating for services and client's rights.
Pre-albumin
The best tool for evaluating nutrition with a half-life of 2 days, making it more accurate than albumin.
Anticipatory grief
The process of letting go of an object or person before the actual loss, allowing individuals to greet before the loss.
Collaboration
Used by interdisciplinary teams to make health care decisions about clients with multiple problems.
Interaction of diuretics and ACE inhibitors
Can lead to excessive reduction in blood pressure and symptomatic hypotension or hyperkalemia.
Dysfunctional grief
Involves prolonged grief work with severe manifestations, potentially leading to suicidal ideation and intense feelings of guilt.
Levothyroxine effects
Used to restore client's metabolic rate; toxic effects include heat intolerance, tachycardia, weight loss, and hypertension.
Long term effects of NSAIDs
Include gastric ulcerations, perforations, hemorrhage, and hypertension.
Authoritative leadership
Makes decisions for the group, motivates by coercion, and communicates down the chain of command.
Laissez faire leadership
Makes few decisions, with motivation largely the responsibility of individual staff members.
Malnourished COPD patients
Should limit liquid intake at meal times, consume protein-rich foods, and maintain an upright position to promote ventilation.
Multiple Sclerosis Patient
Mitoxantrone IV every 3 months; report sore throat due to risk of severe infection from myelosuppression.
Constipation from opioids
Advise clients to increase fluid/fiber intake and physical activity; administer a stimulant laxative or stool softener.
Signs of potential hypovolemia
Hypotension is a sign in patients diagnosed with esophageal varices.
Seclusion and restraints
Must be ordered for the shortest duration necessary; client assessments should be performed every 15- 30 minutes.
Signs for meningococcemia
Include vomiting, febrile, and petechial rash.
