Download A.T.I RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024–2025 | Actual Exam Questions from Verified Test and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
ATI RN Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024–2025 |
Actual Exam Questions from Verified Test Bank
( 12 0 Qs), Expert Answer Explanations, NCLEX-RN
Drug Guide, and Ultimate Nursing Pharmacology
Prep
Question 1: A nurse is caring for a client who is withdrawing from opioids. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer? A. Methadone B. Disulfiram C. Risperidone D. Lithium Carbonate - - correct ans- - A. Methadone Rationale:
- A. Methadone: Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist used in medication- assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid withdrawal and maintenance. It helps to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings by binding to opioid receptors in the brain.
- B. Disulfiram: Disulfiram is used to treat alcohol use disorder. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing unpleasant symptoms if alcohol is consumed. It is not used for opioid withdrawal.
- C. Risperidone: Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autistic disorder. It is not indicated for opioid withdrawal.
- D. Lithium Carbonate: Lithium is a mood stabilizer primarily used to treat bipolar disorder. It is not used for opioid withdrawal. Correct Answer: A Question 2: A nurse on a crisis hotline is speaking to a client who says, "I just took an entire bottle of amitriptyline." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
A. "Were you trying to kill yourself by taking an overdose?" B. "I'm glad you called, and I want to send an ambulance to help you." C. "Do you know how many pills were in the bottle?" D. "You must have been feeling pretty depressed to do that." - - correct ans- - B. "I'm glad you called, and I want to send an ambulance to help you." Rationale:
- A. "Were you trying to kill yourself by taking an overdose?": This question is direct and accusatory, which can be harmful and shut down communication with the client. It prioritizes the intent over the immediate danger.
- B. "I'm glad you called, and I want to send an ambulance to help you.": This response acknowledges the client's call, expresses a desire to help, and prioritizes immediate medical intervention for a potential overdose, which is the most crucial action in this situation.
- C. "Do you know how many pills were in the bottle?": While this information is important for medical personnel, the immediate priority is to ensure the client receives prompt medical attention. Gathering details can occur while help is on the way.
- D. "You must have been feeling pretty depressed to do that.": This statement attempts to empathize with the client's feelings but does not address the immediate life-threatening situation of a potential overdose. Correct Answer: B Question 3: A nurse is caring for a newborn who has respiratory depression. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering? A. Flumazenil B. Physostigmine C. Terbutaline D. Naloxone - - correct ans- - D. Naloxone Rationale:
- A. Flumazenil: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines. It is not indicated for respiratory depression caused by other substances.
- D. Examine the client for hepatomegaly: Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) is not a typical adverse effect of cisplatin and is not a common cause of fatigue related to this chemotherapy. Correct Answer: A Question 5: A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has breast cancer about the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will take the antiemetic as soon as the chemo is complete." B. "I will run my toothbrush in the dishwasher every month." C. "I'll call my doctor if I notice any unusual menstrual bleeding." D. "I will avoid crowds to keep from infecting others." - - correct ans- - C. "I'll call my doctor if I notice any unusual menstrual bleeding." Rationale:
- A. "I will take the antiemetic as soon as the chemo is complete.": Antiemetics are most effective when taken before or at the start of chemotherapy to prevent nausea and vomiting. Waiting until the chemo is complete may be too late.
- B. "I will run my toothbrush in the dishwasher every month.": While good oral hygiene is important during chemotherapy, sterilizing the toothbrush in the dishwasher only monthly is insufficient to prevent infection in someone with potential neutropenia. More frequent replacement or sterilization is usually recommended.
- C. "I'll call my doctor if I notice any unusual menstrual bleeding.": Chemotherapy can affect hormone levels and cause changes in menstruation, including unusual bleeding. This should be reported to the doctor for evaluation.
- D. "I will avoid crowds to keep from infecting others.": While avoiding crowds is important to prevent the client from getting infections due to potential immunosuppression from chemotherapy, this statement reflects a misunderstanding. The client is at higher risk of getting infections, not infecting others (unless they have a contagious illness unrelated to chemotherapy). Correct Answer: C Question 6:
A home health nurse is making a home visit to a client who takes a daily diuretic for heart failure. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as indicating the client is hypokalemic? A. Pitting edema B. Fatigue C. Dyspnea D. Oliguria - - correct ans- - B. Fatigue Rationale:
- A. Pitting edema: Pitting edema is a sign of fluid overload, which diuretics are often prescribed to treat. It is not typically a symptom of hypokalemia.
- B. Fatigue: Fatigue and muscle weakness are common symptoms of hypokalemia (low potassium levels) because potassium is essential for nerve and muscle function.
- C. Dyspnea: Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) can be a symptom of heart failure itself or fluid overload, but it is not a primary indicator of hypokalemia. Severe hypokalemia can affect respiratory muscles, but fatigue is a more common early sign.
- D. Oliguria: Oliguria (low urine output) can be a sign of dehydration or decreased kidney perfusion, which can sometimes be related to diuretic use, but it is not a direct indicator of hypokalemia. Correct Answer: B Question 7: A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving dopamine IV to treat left ventricular failure. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is having a therapeutic effect? A. Systolic blood pressure is increased. B. Radial heart rate is increased. C. Cardiac output is reduced. D. Urine output is reduced. - - correct ans- - A. Systolic blood pressure is increased. Rationale:
effects. Therefore, it is important to advise the client to avoid activities requiring alertness, such as driving, until they know how the medication affects them.
- D. Expect urine to turn orange: Orange urine is a common side effect of medications like phenazopyridine (Pyridium), a urinary analgesic, but it is not associated with cyclobenzaprine. Correct Answer: C Question 9: A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection of meperidine to a client. Which of the following is the priority assessment the nurse should complete? A. Apical pulse rate B. Blood pressure C. Level of consciousness D. Respiratory rate - - correct ans- - D. Respiratory rate Rationale:
- A. Apical pulse rate: While important, the most immediate and life-threatening adverse effect of opioid analgesics like meperidine is respiratory depression.
- B. Blood pressure: Meperidine can cause hypotension, but respiratory depression is a more rapid and critical concern.
- C. Level of consciousness: Changes in the level of consciousness can occur with meperidine, but respiratory depression can precede significant changes in mental status.
- D. Respiratory rate: Opioids act on the central nervous system and can depress the respiratory center, leading to slowed and shallow breathing, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, assessing the respiratory rate is the priority before administering meperidine. Correct Answer: D Question 10: A nurse is preparing to administer verapamil by IV bolus to a client who is having cardiac dysrhythmias. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor when giving this medication? A. Hyperthermia B. Hypotension
C. Ototoxicity D. Muscle Pain - - correct ans- - B. Hypotension Rationale:
- A. Hyperthermia: Hyperthermia (high body temperature) is not a typical adverse effect of verapamil.
- B. Hypotension: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that works by slowing conduction through the AV node and causing vasodilation. A rapid IV bolus can lead to a significant drop in blood pressure (hypotension). Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the client's blood pressure during and after administration.
- C. Ototoxicity: Ototoxicity (damage to the inner ear) is associated with certain medications like aminoglycoside antibiotics and some diuretics, but not typically with verapamil.
- D. Muscle Pain: Muscle pain is not a common adverse effect of verapamil. Correct Answer: B A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for clopidogrel. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "Avoid taking herbal supplements while taking this medication." B. "Monitor for the presence of black, tarry stools." C. "Take this medication when you have pain." D. "You might have to stop taking this medication five days before any planned surgeries." - - correct ans- - D. "You might have to stop taking this medication five days before any planned surgeries." A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client who states, "That looks different from the pill I usually take." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "This pill is probably from a different lot number than yours at home." B. "This hospital might use a different manufacturer, but the medication is the same." C." This is the medication prescribed by your provider."
ACE Inhibitors are used in the treatment of all EXCEPT: a. Hypertension b. Heart Failure c. Hypotension d. Diabetic nephropathy - - correct ans- - C. hypotension What is the correct definition for absorption of a drug? A. Movement of drug from site of administration to various tissues of the body. B. Describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion of drugs. C. These types of drugs can be taken over the counter. D. This addresses how various drugs affect different forms of the body - - correct ans- - A. movement of drug from site of administration to various tissues of the body. What do you assess for in a patient who is on Valproate? Select all that apply. A. Suicidal thoughts B. Monitor for seizures. C. Bipolar disorder. D. Migraines. E. Anorexia - - correct ans- - A. Suicidal thoughts B. Monitor for seizures C. Bipolar disorder D. Migraines. Which of the following is used to treat migraine headaches?
a. Beta-blockers b. Cholinesterase Inhibitors c. ACE inhibitors d. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) - - correct ans- - A. beta-blockers A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking Digoxin. The nurse should instruct the patient to monitor and report which of the following adverse effects? ( select all the apply) A. Fatigue B. Constipation C. Anorexia D. Rash E. Diplopia - - correct ans- - A. Fatigue C. Anorexia E. Diplopia When administering a Serotonin Antagonist it is important to monitor for? a. Intake and output b. Mental status changes c. Respiratory rate d. Anorexia - - correct ans- - B. mental status Which of the following is the antidote for Heparin? a. Protamine sulfate
A nurse is completing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for transdermal patches. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions? A. "I will clean the site with an alcohol swab before I apply the patch." B. "I will rotate the application sites weekly." C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair." D. "I will place the new patch on the site of the old patch. - - correct ans- - C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair." A patient has been taking hydrocodone, and opioid analgesic for their moderate pain, and they have taken over their prescribed dose. What should you give as the antidote if they experience toxicity? A. Naloxone B. N-acetylcysteine C. Atropine D. Digoxin immune Fab - - correct ans- - A. Naloxone A patient is being educated on taking levothyroxine, a drug used to balance thyroid activity. What should you include in their education? A. Don't bother your health care professionals if you experience side effects B. Take this at the same time every day C. Thyroid tests are unnecessary while taking this drug
D. It is okay to take this drug if you have recently had a myocardial infarction - - correct ans- - B. Take this at the same time every day A patient is taking Digoxin to slow his heart rate down. The nurse suggests that he take his oral medication: a. when awakening b. by itself c. in the evening d. with meals - - correct ans- - D. with meals A patient states he experiences anxiety and has panic attacks at least once a week. What might be helpful for this patient? A. Phenytoin (Dilantin) B. Lithium C. Alprazolam (Xanax) D. Spironolactone - - correct ans- - C. Alprazolam (Xanax) A patient with hypertension is taking an ACE inhibitor to lower his blood pressure. What should the nurse tell the patient to avoid in his diet? a. vinegar b. apples c. salt substitutions d. tomatoes - - correct ans- - C. salt substitutions
d. 3 hours - - correct ans- - B. 2 hours Albuterol can be given in all but which of these forms: a. extended-release b. inhalation c. intravenously d. orally - - correct ans- - C. intravenously All benzodiazepines reduce and produce. A. anxiety, sedation B. hunger, food coma C. sedation, anxiety D. drowsiness, wakefulness - - correct ans- - C. sedation, anxiety Amlodipine manages what? A. constipation B. hypertension C. migraines D. hypercholesterolemia - - correct ans- - B. hypertension Angiotensin II receptor agents medications usually end in? A. sar-tan B. ase C. olol D. pril - - correct ans- - A. sar-tan
At what amount does Acetaminophen stop controlling pain? A. Over 1,000 mg B. 750 mg C. Over 1,500 mg D. 150 mg - - correct ans- - A. Over 1,000mg At what blood pressure would you hold Digoxin in an adult? A. < B. > C. > D. <80 - - correct ans- - A. < Before administering Digoxin, the nurse should complete which task? A. Obtain an ECG B. Count apical Pulse for 1 minute C. Take temperature D. Obtain I/O - - correct ans- - B. County apical pulse for 1 minute Common side effects of iron supplements include (select all that apply): a. constipation b. drowsiness c. upset stomach d. nausea - - correct ans- - A. Constipation
How would you evaluate the medical effectiveness of Metformin? a. assess serum electrolytes. ketones, glucose, blood PH, lactate, pyruvate levels, monitor serum glucose b. check for resolution of hypothyroidism and normalization of hormone levels c. check patient for pain reduction d. Assess patient alertness - - correct ans- - a. assess serum electrolytes, ketones, glucose, blood pH, lactate, pyruvate levels, monitor serum glucose. If a patient is taking an ACE inhibitor, the nurse should monitor for signs of angioedema which include? A. Vomiting B. Dyspnea C. Constipation D. Epistaxis - - correct ans- - B. Dyspnea If you are treating a patient that has renal failure, what type of pain medications should you avoid? a. Opioids b. NSAIDs c. Nonopioids d. Short-acting analgesics - - correct ans- - B. NSAIDS Lithium is used to? A. Lower blood glucose B. slow the heart rate
C. stabilize mood D. heal ulcers - - correct ans- - C. stabilize mood Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect in which of these drugs (select all that apply)? a. ACE Inhibitors b. Anticoagulants c. Beta Blockers d. Calcium Channel Blockers e. Antidiarrheal f. Diuretics - - correct ans- - A. Ace inhibitors C. Beta blockers D. Calcium channel blockers F. Diuretics Patients should avoid what drink while taking Alprazolam? a. Water b. Grapefruit juice c. Green Tea d. Milk - - correct ans- - B. grapefruit juice Phenytoin is an antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant that has an unlabeled use for: A. headaches B. cold remedy C. neuropathic pain
