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ATI TEAS 7 Exam Questions & Answers 2024-2025 100% Success Which of the following term is used to describe the amount of air in a normal inhalation or exhalation? - ANS-Tidal volume is the movement of fluid to a tissue. - ANS-Perfusion is a synonym for breathing in any capacity. - ANS-Ventilation is the amount of air that remains in the alveoli after exhalation. - ANS-Residual Volume Which of the following blood vessels Carrie's deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? - ANS-Pulmonary artery The brings oxygenated blood back to the left atrium from the lungs. - ANS- Pulmonary vein is responsible for bringing oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. - ANS-Aorta is responsible for bringing back deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. - ANS-Vena cava In which of the following actions is the autonomic nervous system engaged? - ANS- Digestion What is holding your breath, lifting weights, and walking an example of? - ANS-A voluntary action controlled by the somatic nervous system. During inhalation, where would you expect to find a higher concentration of oxygen? - ANS-I'm the alveolar air space During inhalation, where would you expect to find a lower concentration of oxygen? - ANS-In the capillaries Where does blood flow next after being oxygenated in the lungs? - ANS-Pulmonary vein carries blood to the lungs. - ANS-Pulmonary artery carries blood back to the heart from the lower part of the body. - ANS-Inferior vena Cava carries oxygenated blood to the body after it returns to the heart. - ANS-Aorta Which of the following is the name of the structure that releases an enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth? - ANS-Salivary gland secretes bile, and emulsifier that breaks apart, fat and lipid globules. - ANS- Liver is related to digestion but releases enzymes that are used in the small intestine. - ANS-Pancreas stores bile, which is used in the breakdown of fat and lipid globules. - ANS- Gallbladder Which type of tissue would you find in the heart? - ANS-Cardiac muscles is the same as smooth muscle, and is involved in the involuntary contraction of hollow internal organs, such as the bladder and intestines. - ANS-non-striated muscle are involved in the involuntary contractions of hollow internal organs, such as the bladder and intestines. - ANS-Smooth muscles generally attached to bones to allow voluntary body movement. - ANS-Skeletal muscles What is the name for the hormone responsible for male secondary sex characteristics? - ANS-Testosterone Which of the following would result from a decrease in body temperature? - ANS-Blood vessels near the surface of the body would constrict. dilate when the body temperature rises to allow blood to release heat through the skin. - ANS-Blood vessels excrete sweat when the body temperature rises. When the sweat evaporates, it has a cooling effect. - ANS-Sweat glands when the body temperature rises to allow blood to release heat through the skin. - ANS-Cheek’s flush Which of the following is where melanocytes are found? - ANS-Epidermis (upper layer of skin) Dermis - ANS-Middle layer of skin Hypodermis - ANS-Subcutaneous layer Which of the following is classified as a carbohydrate? A. DNA B. Endorphin C. Glycogen D. Amylase - ANS-C. Glycogen DNA is classified as a ? - ANS-Nucleic acid are neurotransmitters secreted by neurons. - ANS-Endorphins is a protein enzyme which breaks down carbohydrates. - ANS-Amylase is a storage form of carbohydrates in animals. - ANS-Glycogen is found in the liver and in skeletal muscles of humans and is used for energy production. - ANS-Glycogen Which of the following best describes the relationship between a chromosome and a gene? - ANS-Each chromosome contains a specific number of genes. is where specific sequences of DNA called "genes" are found. - ANS- Individual chromosomes is the foundational material found in genes, therefore, in chromosomes. - ANS- DNA A purple flowered pea plant and a white flowered pea plant were crossed. The allele for purple flowers is dominant, and the allele for white flowers is recessive. Of 1000 offspring, 498 were purple flowered, pea plants, and 502 were white flowered peas, plants. Based on these results, which of the following can be concluded about the parent plants? - ANS-The purple flowered pea plant is heterozygous. In Mendelian genetics, means two of the same alleles. - ANS-Homozygous In Mendelian genetics, means different alleles. - ANS-Heterozygous Which of the following cell structures contain cristae? - ANS-Mitochondria is a molecule composed of two chains of nucleotides that coil around each other to form a double helix. - ANS-DNA is a series of membranes used in processing cell products such as lipids. - ANS-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum have a single membrane that surrounds the digestive enzymes, which detoxify harmful cell waste products. - ANS-Peroxisomes Which of the following describes the function of the plasma membrane? - ANS-It maintains the cell's internal environment. generated energy for the cell. - ANS-Mitochondria helps in the synthesis of proteins. - ANS-Ribosome generate chemical energy in the form of ATP molecules. - ANS-Mitochondria Thymine is replaced by which of the following nitrogen bases in RNA? - ANS-Uracil replaces thymine when DNA is copied to mRNA. - ANS-Uracil is a nitrogenous base that is found in DNA and RNA. - ANS-Cytosine is a nitrogenous base that is found in DNA and RNA. - ANS-Guanine is a structural component of RNA, not a nitrogen base. - ANS-Ribose Which of the following are possible allele combinations for a child's blood type, if both parents have type A blood? 1A, IA AA, i . 1B, IB 1A, IB . i, i- ANS-A. IA, IA 1A, i ii MoOomMmoowp Which of the following types of microscopes uses something other than light to form a specimen image? - ANS-Electron Bright- field, Dark-field, and Fluorescence are all examples of which type of microscope? - ANS-Light microscope Which of the following microscopic organisms are decomposes and the cause of many skin diseases? - ANS-Fungi are decomposes and are known for causing a skin diseases such as ringworm and athlete’s foot. - ANS-Fungi are not decomposers but producers because they make their own food through photosynthesis. - ANS-Algae bases are hydrogen ion acceptors. - ANS-Bronsted- Lowry Which of the following is the purpose of using control groups in an investigation? - ANS- To establish a standard for data comparison A is used to determine if dependent variables are affected by manipulation of the independent variable in a scientific investigation. - ANS-Control group Which of the following instruments would most accurately measure 0.1 mL of a liquid? - ANS-A micropipette is used to measure extremely small amounts of liquids, starting at 1 mL. - ANS-Micropipette What tool and unit would be used to find the volume of a brick? - ANS-Ruler and cm3 A and would be an appropriate day to measure way to measure the mass of a brick. - ANS-Balance and grams Dependent variable - ANS-The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. Constant variable - ANS-The variable that doesn't change Independent variable - ANS-The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. Which of the following best explains the maintenance of a nearly constant average temperature on the surface of the Earth? - ANS-The amounts of solar energy absorbed and radiant energy emitted by the Earth exist in equilibrium. Acid - ANS-A substance with a pH less than 7 Activation energy - ANS-The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction. Active immunity - ANS-Protection against a specific pathogen resulting from the production of antibodies in response to the presence of specific antigens. Active transport - ANS-Movement across a cell membrane that travels against the concentration gradient and this requires energy. Adaptive defense - ANS-A specific response by the immune system to a given pathogen. Adaptive immune system - ANS-A kind of passive or active immunity in which antibodies to a particular antigen are present in the body. Adhesiveness - ANS-A measure of how well dissimilar particles or surfaces cling to one another. Adrenal - ANS-A gland above the kidney that produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and other functions. Allele - ANS-A specific copy of a gene. Allergies - ANS-An immune response to a foreign agent that is not a pathogen. Alveoli - ANS-Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Amino Acids - ANS-The monomers that make up proteins. Anaphase - ANS-The stage in mitosis in which the chromosomes are pulled apart to the pikes and cell division begins. Anaphase 1 - ANS-The stage of meiosis 1 in which homologous chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. Anaphase 2 - ANS-The stage in meiosis 2 in which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Anatomical position - ANS-Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands forward. Anion - ANS-A negative charged ion. Antibody - ANS-A blood protein that counteracts a specific antigen. Antidiuretic hormone - ANS-A secretion from the pituitary gland that increases the amount of water able to be reabsorbed from a collecting duct. Antigen-presenting cell - ANS-A cell that displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces. Antimicrobial - ANS-A substance that kills or inhibits growth of micro-organisms with minimal damage to the host. Anus - ANS-The opening of the refrain from which solid waste is expelled. Buffer - ANS-A solution of a weak and it's conjugate base or a weak base and it's conjugate acid. maintain the proper pH of the body. - ANS-Buffer Capillaries - ANS-Small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange. Carbohydrates - ANS-Sugars and starched, which the body breaks down into glucose. Cardiac muscle - ANS-Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. Cardiovascular system. The system comprised of the heart and blood vessels. Cartilage - ANS-The primary structural protein of connective tissue. Catalyst - ANS-a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent chemical change by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Cation - ANS-A positively charged ion. Cells - ANS-The basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created. Central nervous system - ANS-The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord and acts as the command center for all communications and actions of the body. Ceruminous glands - ANS-Accessory structures that produce ear wax. They are found only in the dermis of the ear canal. Cervix - ANS-The passage that forms the lower part of the uterus. Chemical (enzymatic) digestion - ANS-the breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption. Chemical equation - ANS-Mathematical representation of a chemical reaction. Chromatid - ANS-One of the two duplicates of a chromosome formed during the cell cycle. Chromosome - ANS-A structure made of protein and one molecule of DNA that contains genetic information. Chyme - ANS-The semifluid mass of perky digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine. Codons - ANS-Triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids. Cohesion - ANS-The tendency of similar molecules to stick to each other or group together. Collagen - ANS-The primary structural protein of connective tissue. Commensal microorganisms - ANS-Microscopic organisms that live in or on the human body without causing it harm. Compact (dense) bone - ANS-Bone containing densely packed osteons that make up the peripheral layer of bone. Complementary strand - ANS-A molecule of RNA (or a strand of DNA) synthesized from a complementary template strand. Compound - ANS-A made of two or more elements. Concentration of solution - ANS-The quantity of solute in a given quantity solution. Contraction - ANS-The process of leading to shortening and/ or development of tension in a muscle. Conversion factor - ANS-The number used to multiply or divide to convert from one value to another. Covalent bond - ANS-A chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms. Cubic units - ANS-United used to measure volume. One cubic unit is the volume of a cube with sides that measure 1 unit. Cutaneous vasoconstriction - ANS-A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels in the dermis that reduces blood flow through the skin. Cytokines - ANS-Cell signaling molecules released primarily by helper T cells and macrophages. Certain cytokines activate cytotoxic T cells. Cytoplasm - ANS-the material within a eukaryotic cell that supports and suspends structures inside the cell membrane and transfers materials required for cellular processes. Cytotoxic T cells - ANS-The category of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells. Epinephrine - ANS-A polar, water-soluble hormone released by the adrenals in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline. Equilibrium - ANS-The stage of a chemical reaction in which both reactants and products are present and their concentrations no longer change. Estrogen - ANS-A female sex hormone released by the ovaries. Excretion - ANS-Elimination of metabolic waste of the body. Exothermic - ANS-Involving release of heat. Fallopian tubes - ANS-Tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. Fatty acid - ANS-A molecule composed of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end. Fertilization (conception) - ANS-The fusion of the egg and sperm. Filtrate - ANS-Materials, including water, that leave the blood through the walls of the glomerular capillaries to enter the Bowman's capsule. Flat bones - ANS-Thin bones that have a platelike shape, such as bones of the cranium. Follicle - ANS-Saclike structure that contains and allows for mature ration of the female ovum (egg) within the ovary. Follicle-stimulating hormone - ANS-A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates development of eggs and ovaries in sperm in testes. Fungi - ANS-Eukaryotic organisms that obtain nutrients by absorbing organic material from their environment (decomposers) through symbiotic relationships with plants or harmful relationships with a host. Gamete - ANS-Sex cell; in males, the sperm, and females the eggs (ova) Gene - ANS-A sequence of DNA that is the basic unit of heredity. Genetic code - ANS-The set of 64 codons that specify the 20 amino acids. Genome - ANS-The genetic makeup of an individual. Gigantism - ANS-Excessive growth resulting from overproduction of growth hormone. Glomerulus - ANS-A network of capillaries, from which blood pressure pushes water, salt, glucose, amino acids, and urea from the blood. Glucagon - ANS-A hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates it's target cells in the liver to convert hepatic, glycogen stores into glucose and release that glucose into the blood. Glycerol - ANS-A sugar compound that serves as the backbone for triglycerides and phospholipids. Golgi apparatus - ANS-A cell organelle that processes proteins and lipid molecules. Graduated cylinder - ANS-A narrow cylinder used to measure liquid volume. Gram - ANS-Metric unit of mass. Group - ANS-A column of elements in the periodic table. Growth plate - ANS-Hyaline cartilage in long bones we're bone elongation happens. Also known as the epiphyseal plate. Hair follicles - ANS-Tubes arising from the dermis, surrounded by invaginations of epithelial tissue, from which hair growth occurs. Heart - ANS-Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. Helper T cell - ANS-A type of lymphocyte, that secretes interleukins, a protein, that triggers, the action of other cells, including the attack of foreign cells by the cytotoxic T cell. Hemoglobin - ANS-Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Heterozygous - ANS-The state of carrying a different allele of gene; e.g., Aa Hinge joint - ANS-A joint that allows for flexion and extension of the more distal bone along only one plane. Histamine - ANS-A white blood cells secretion that triggers capillary permeability in vasodilatation. Homeostasis - ANS-The maintenance of a constant internal environment. Homozygous - ANS-The state of carrying a pair of identical alleles of a gene; e.g., AA or aa Integumentary system - ANS-An organ system comprised of skin, and it's associated organs. Interferons - ANS-Proteins secreted by leukocytes when they are infected with viruses. Interphase - ANS-The stage in mitosis, or meiosis, in which DNA replicates. lon - ANS-A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule. lonic bond - ANS-The bond between two oppositely charged ions. Irregular bones - ANS-Bones that do not fit into the three bone shape categories: flat bone, long bone, short bone. Isotopes - ANS-Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, but the same number of protons and electrons. Joints - ANS-Places in the skeletal system, where bones meet other bones. Some joints are movable, and some are immovable because the bones are fused together. Keratin - ANS-A tough protein made by epithelial keratinocytes. Kidneys - ANS-The pair of organs that regulate fluid balance and filter waste from the blood. Kinetic Molecular Theory - ANS-A theory stating that the molecules that make up all matter are in constant motion, and the temperature of a substance is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. Lacunae - ANS-Microscopic pits and bones that contain osteocytes sites and connect to each other within an osteon by way of canaliculi. Large intestine - ANS-Comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal, it is where vitamins and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination. Le Chatelier's principle - ANS-A principal stating that when a chemical reaction at equilibrium is perturbed, it responds by proceeding in a direction that will store the equilibrium. Leukocyte - ANS-White blood cells, which protect the body against disease. Lipase - ANS-Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat. Lipids - ANS-Fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water. Liter - ANS-Measurement of liquid volume. Long bones - ANS-Bones that have a pronounced longitudinal axis. Luteinizing hormone - ANS-A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that is responsible for triggering ovulation in ovaries, and the production of testosterone by testes. Lymph - ANS-Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to fight disease. Lymphocyte - ANS-A category of white blood cells that includes natural killer cells, B cells, helper, T cells, and cytotoxic T cells. Lysosome - ANS-A cell organelle that aids in digestion and the recycling of old cell material. Macromolecules - ANS-Very large molecules, four major types of which are important to living things; carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid. Macrophage - ANS-A large white blood cell that invests foreign material. Mass - ANS-A measurement of a inertia, commonly considered the amount of material contained by an object and causing it to have weight in a gravitational field. Mediastinum - ANS-The area between the two lungs. Meiosis - ANS-Specialized cell division used to create haploid gametes in diploid organisms. Memory cell - ANS-A lymphocyte that respond to an antigen join reintroduction. Mendelian inheritance - ANS-Inheritance of traits that follow Gregor Mendel's two laws and the principle of dominance. Metaphase - ANS-The stage in mitosis in which chromosomes align. Metaphase 2 - ANS-The stage in meiosis 2 in which individual chromosomes align. Metaphase 1 - ANS-The stage in meiosis 1 in which pairs of homologous chromosomes align. Microbes/microorganisms - ANS-Organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye, and may be classified as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa (including algae), or animals. Mitosis - ANS-Cell division in eukaryotes that produce two daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number as the parent cell. Nucleus - ANS-A large organelle within a cell that houses, the chromosomes and regulates the activities of the cell. Nucleus (atom) - ANS-The central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons. Orbital - ANS-An area around the nucleus where an electron can be found. Organ - ANS-A structure formed from various tissues that performs a specific function in an organism. Organ systems - ANS-Functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular, nervous. Organelle - ANS-Hey, specialized part of a cell that has a specific function and is found in the cells cytoplasm. Organic molecule - ANS-Organic Molecules found in a living thing that contains carbon. Osmosis - ANS-A specific type of diffusion in which water moves across a semi permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osteoarthritis - ANS-Degenerative joint disease Osteoblasts - ANS-Osteocytes are star shaped cells that maintain bone and are able to sense physical stresses. They're long projections connect to each other through the canaliculi of bones. Osteoclasts - ANS-Cells that remove bone. Osteocytes - ANS-Osteocytes are star shaped cells that maintain bone and are helpful to sense physical stresses. Osteons - ANS-Tubular structures that make up compact bone. Osteoporosis - ANS-A disease that causes brittle, fragile bones. Ova (eggs) - ANS-Female gametes. Ovaries - ANS-The female gonads. Organs in which eggs are produced for reproduction. Oxytocin - ANS-A hormone made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. One of its functions is to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth. Pancreas - ANS-The gland of the digestive, an endocrine systems that produces insulin and secretes pancreatic juices. Parasites - ANS-Microbes that are not free, living in must find out Host from which to gain nutrients. Parathyroid - ANS-An endocrine gland in the neck that produces parathyroid hormone. Passive immunity - ANS-Temporary immunity gained by a body that has acquired antibodies from an outside source. Passive transport - ANS-Movement across a cell membrane that does not require energy input. Pathogen - ANS-An infectious agent. Penis - ANS-Organ for elimination of urine and sperm from the male body. Pepsin - ANS-A stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins. Peptide bond - ANS-The link between amino acids in a protein. Period - ANS-One of the seven horizontal rows in the periodic tables. Periodic table - ANS-The table of element expressed as columns and rows. Periosteum - ANS-Athan layer that surrounds bone and is the surface for attachment of tendons and ligaments. Peripheral nervous system - ANS-The part of the nervous system that consist of all the nerves in ganglia that branch out from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body, allowing signals sent by the brain to reach their target destinations. Peristalsis - ANS-Hey series of muscle contractions, that move food through the digestive track. pH - ANS-A logarithmic scale, based on the amount of concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, calculate as pH = -log[H+] and used to express acidity it basicity. Phenotype - ANS-Physical appearance of a trait formed by genetics and environment. Phosphate group - ANS-A phosphorus atom bound to for oxygen atoms. Pineal gland - ANS-A small gland, near the center of the brain that secretes melatonin. 
