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Fundamental concepts of chemistry including atomic structure, history of the atom, development of the periodic table, nuclear chemistry, chemical nomenclature and formula, types of reactions, stoichiometry, gas laws, liquids and solids, thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases. This lecture includes: Atomic Structure, Nucleus, Electron, Shell or Orbit, Atom Hydrogen, Atom Helium, Proton Electron, Neutron, Helium Has Two Electrons, Two Protons and Two Neutrons, Mass Number, Atom Lith
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Nucleus
Electron
Shell or Orbit
Proton
Electron
Hydrogen has one proton, one electron and NO neutrons
Relative Mass
Relative Charge
Proton
Neutron
Electron
PROTON NUMBER = number of
protons (obviously)
Electron
Proton NeutronHelium has two electrons, two protons and two neutrons
Protons Neutrons
Electrons
Beryllium has four electrons, four protons and five neutrons.
Protons Neutrons
Electrons
Boron has five electrons, five protons and six neutrons.
Protons Neutrons
Electrons
Nitrogen has seven electrons, seven protons and seven neutrons.
Protons Neutrons
Electrons
Oxygen has eight electrons, eight protons and eight neutrons.
Protons Neutrons
Electrons
Neon has ten electrons, ten protons and ten neutrons.
Protons Neutrons
Electrons
Sodium has eleven electrons, eleven protons and twelve neutrons.
Mendeleev
The periodic table arranges all the elementsin groups according to their properties.
Horizontal rows are called PERIODS
Verticalcolumns arecalled GROUPS
H^
He
Li^ Be
B^ C
N^
O^ F
Ne
MNa g
Al^ Si
P^
S^ Cl
Ar
K^ Ca
Fe^
CNi u Zn^
Br^ Kr
Ag^
I^ Xe
APt u H g
Fact 1:
Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell (this
correspond to their group number) E.g. all group 1 metalshave __ electron intheir outer shell
These elementshave __ electronsin their outer shell
These elements have__ electrons in theirouter shells