ATP energy currency genetics study DNA base pairs A T G C anaphase error consequences meta | Exams Biology

Biol 189 Final Exam

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1. ATP: is the energy currency of cells

2. genetics: The study of physical inheritance among living things is

3. A, T, G, or C: The information used to make proteins is encoded by the four bases

4. The result of an error in anaphase that failed to separate a pair of sister chromatids

would result in: One cell would have an extra chromosome, and one cell would lack a

chromosome

5. are aligned at the equator of a cell during metaphase: Chromosomes

6. during prophase: The chromosomes become visible and the nucleus starts to break up

7. during anaphase: Sister chromatids are separating from each other

8. How do daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with the parent cell

before DNA replication occurs?: The daughter cells have the same number of

chromosomes and the same amount of DNA

9. an organism that would reproduce by binary fission: Bacteria

10. zygote: The fertilization of an egg by a sperm produces a cell called

11. The products of meiosis: four haploid cells

12. What is the result of recombination (crossing over) during meiosis?: It creates

chromosomes that are a new combination of paternal and maternal material

13. What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?: Genetically diverse

gametes are produced

14. An autosome: is one of the non-sex chromosomes

15. A human egg: contains 22 autosomes and one X chromosome

16. phenotype: is the term for an observable trait of an organism

17. Mendel crossed true: breeding pea plants and found?- the dominant trait always

appeared in the F1 generation, but it appeared in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive in

the F2 generation

18. The Law of Segregation: states that differing characters in organisms result from two

alleles that separate in gamete formation, such that each gamete gets only one of the two

alleles

19. homozygous: When two identical alleles for a character are present, the geno- type is

referred to as

20. Let S = smooth pea and s = wrinkled pea Y = yellow pea and y = green pea. What are the

different possible genotypes of the gametes produced by a plant that is heterozygous for both

characters?: SY, Sy, sY, sy

21. Crossing two pink snapdragons yields some seeds that produce red-flow- ering plants,

some seeds that produce white-flowering plants and some seeds that produce pink-flowering

plants. If this trait operates by incomplete domi- nance and the allele R represents red flowers

and the allele r represents white flowers, what genotype would a plant with pink flowers have

for this trait?: Rr

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ATP: is the energy currency of cells
genetics: The study of physical inheritance among living things is
A, T, G, or C: The information used to make proteins is encoded by the four bases
The result of an error in anaphase that failed to separate a pair of sister chromatids would result in: One cell would have an extra chromosome, and one cell would lack a chromosome
are aligned at the equator of a cell during metaphase: Chromosomes
during prophase: The chromosomes become visible and the nucleus starts to break up
during anaphase: Sister chromatids are separating from each other
How do daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with the parent cell before DNA replication occurs?: The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA
an organism that would reproduce by binary fission: Bacteria
zygote: The fertilization of an egg by a sperm produces a cell called
The products of meiosis: four haploid cells
What is the result of recombination (crossing over) during meiosis?: It creates chromosomes that are a new combination of paternal and maternal material
What is the result of independent assortment during meiosis?: Genetically diverse gametes are produced
An autosome: is one of the non-sex chromosomes
A human egg: contains 22 autosomes and one X chromosome
phenotype: is the term for an observable trait of an organism
Mendel crossed true: breeding pea plants and found?- the dominant trait always appeared in the F1 generation, but it appeared in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive in the F2 generation
The Law of Segregation: states that differing characters in organisms result from two alleles that separate in gamete formation, such that each gamete gets only one of the two alleles
homozygous: When two identical alleles for a character are present, the geno- type is referred to as
Let S = smooth pea and s = wrinkled pea Y = yellow pea and y = green pea. What are the different possible genotypes of the gametes produced by a plant that is heterozygous for both characters?: SY, Sy, sY, sy
Crossing two pink snapdragons yields some seeds that produce red-flow- ering plants, some seeds that produce white-flowering plants and some seeds that produce pink-flowering plants. If this trait operates by incomplete domi- nance and the allele R represents red flowers and the allele r represents white flowers, what genotype would a plant with pink flowers have for this trait?: Rr

If a person is unable to clot blood properly: platelets are lacking
A heart murmur would be associated with: the malfunction of the atrioventricular valves
The left atrium: chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs
The tiny air sacs of the lungs are called: alveoli
Most of the oxygen in human blood is carried in: hemoglobin
What do hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and red-green color blindness have in common?: They are X-linked
A pedigree is a representation of: a genetic family tree
What single attribute determines that a human fetus is male?: the presence of a Y chromosome
If the sequence TCGTA was used as a template in DNA replication, what would be the sequence of bases on the newly synthesized strand?: AGCAT
A population of deer was threatened with overpopulation until cheetahs were imported. After a couple of years, there were fewer deer, but the average running speed of the deer had increased. This is an example of:: natural selec- tion
The long neck of a giraffe has developed over a long period of time because giraffes have needed to stretch their necks to reach food high in trees, and that quality has been passed on through the generations. This view of evolution would correspond with the ideas of: Jean- Baptiste de Lamarck
A population is: all the members of a species that live in a defined geographic region at the same time
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?: Mi- croevolution describes changes within a population over a short period of time, whereas macroevolution describes larger changes such as the formation of new species over longer periods of time
Imagine a population of monkeys in South America whose habitat has been reduced to the point where only 25 monkeys survive.: This is an example of population bottleneck
Shrews have been documented to travel across frozen lakes and establish populations on previously uninhabited islands thus, the shrews have a limited gene pool. If this limited gene pool has allele frequencies that are very different from the allele frequencies found in the original population, then this would be an example of: founder effect
The biological species concept cannot be applied to bacteria because: they do not reproduce sexually

Many commercial pesticides become less effective after two to three years because: pests with resistant genes will survive and reproduce.
What was the mechanism Charles Darwin used to discover as the driving force behind evolution?: Natural selection
Even though nineteenth-century scientists came to accept the fact of evolution, what was required for natural selection to be accepted as the driving force of evolution?: the development of modern genetics
Blue-footed boobies (a type of bird) of the Galapagos will mate only after a very specific courtship display on the part of the male. He high-steps to advertise his bright blue feet. What isolating mechanism discourages mating outside the species?: behavioral isolation
In the absence of geographic barriers, sympatric speciation may occur when: reproductive isolating mechanisms develop between two populations.
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?: Mi- croevolution describes changes within a population over a short period of time, whereas macroevolution describes larger changes such as the formation of new species over longer periods of time.
Different periods of time in the geologic timescale were initially defined by: the kinds of fossils present.
The Cambrian explosion of life is most notable for the: appearance of multicellular animals, including nearly all phyla of the animal kingdom.
A population of rabbits introduced to an island grows rapidly for a few years, and then growth slows and stabilizes. The population becomes stable because: the carrying capacity has been reached.
Mosquitoes have a short life span and produce a very large number of eggs. This is typical of a: r-selected species.
An accidental spill of a pesticide locally wiped out the most abundant species of butterfly in coastal California. Most of the bird species in the area had fed on this butterfly, but they switched prey to moths, and thus the birds showed only a small decrease in population size. The butterflies were: an ecological dominant, but they were not a keystone species.
If two species of woodpeckers eat two different kinds of beetle larvae on pine trees in a forest, we would identify that as: resource partitioning
When two species are rivals for the same resources, we refer to that kind of interaction as: competition
The Venus flytrap, a carnivorous plant, might be considered as: a predator
Bromeliads are flowering plants that live in the canopy of the rain forest. These plants have leaves that collect water, forming small pools next to the stem of the plant. Tree frogs, which must lay their eggs in water, will use

the water in the bromeliads as a nursery for their tadpoles. The water in the bromeliads enables the frogs to have pools of water up in the canopy. The interaction between the tree frogs and the bromeliads is best described as: commensalism

Many farms in New England were abandoned in the 1800s as settlers reached the more fertile grasslands of the Midwest. These farms had been planted in different crops, but within five to ten years the farms appeared to have similar herbaceous and small tree species on them. This is an example of: secondary succession
soil bacteria in a deciduous forest is considered: a biotic factor in its partic- ular environment.
Plants and animals directly generate carbon dioxide through the process of: cellular respiration
Why are nitrogen and the nitrogen cycle important to living things?: Nitro- gen is an essential part of proteins, RNA, and DNA.
What role is a wolf playing when it eats a rabbit that eats grass on a prairie in Wisconsin?: secondary consumer
About 99 percent of the UV radiation that the sun showers on Earth is blocked by: stratospheric ozone
traps heat in the atmosphere: A greenhouse gas
What metabolic process occurs in the cytosol: glycolysis
What is it about carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon- 14 that makes them all carbon?: They all have the number of protons that is characteristic of carbon.
Osmosis: a specific form of diffusion
Hydrogen bonds makes: water (H2O) molecules stick together
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration: oxygen
Where does blood enter?: enters the left ventricle from the left atrium
Why are cells so small?: Improves the efficiency of movement across the membrane
Studying the variations in the number of carp in Lake Mead over a 20 - year period would be: an example of a population studying in ecology.
Georges Cuvier is credited with: first providing conclusive evidence of species extinction.
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck believed: that species evolve by passing acquired characteristics to offspring
Dinosaurs were dominant during?: During the Mesozoic era
The amniotic egg first appeared: in reptiles
Homo neanderthalensis lies closest to: modern humans
The role of primary producers in an ecosystem is to: capture solar energy

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