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Auditing Analytical Procedures: Substantive Testing for Ticket Revenues - Prof. Morales, Transcriptions of Designs and Groups

The use of substantive analytical procedures in auditing, with a focus on developing precise expectations for ticket revenue at a professional sports team. It outlines the key requirements and considerations for auditors when using analytical procedures, including the need to develop expectations based on a detailed understanding of the client's business and industry, the reliability of data used, and the precision of the expectation. The document also provides a detailed example of calculating a precise expectation for ticket revenue, and discusses how to evaluate whether reported revenue falls within a reasonable range based on the expectation. Overall, this document provides valuable insights into the effective application of analytical procedures as a substantive testing technique in auditing.

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2023/2024

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Substantive Analytical Procedures
in Auditing: A Case Study of
Burlingham Bees Inc.
Auditing Standard 2305: Substantive
Analytical Procedures
Developing Expectations for Analytical Procedures
According to Paragraph 2 of the standard, analytical procedures involve
comparisons of recorded amounts or ratios to expectations developed by the
auditor. The auditor develops such expectations by identifying and using
plausible relationships that are reasonably expected to exist based on the
auditor's understanding of the client and the industry.
Paragraph 17 states that the expectation should be precise enough to
provide the desired level of assurance that differences that may be potential
material misstatements, individually or when aggregated with other
misstatements, would be identified for the auditor to investigate. The level
of detail used to develop the expectation influences the precision, and the
more detailed the expectation, the greater the chance of detecting a
misstatement (Paragraph 19).
Reliance on Substantive Analytical Procedures
Paragraph 9 examines an auditor's reliance on substantive tests, which may
come from tests of details, analytical procedures, or both. The auditor's
judgment on the expected effectiveness and efficiency of the available
procedures determines which procedure(s) to use (Paragraph 10).
When conducting analytical procedures intended to provide substantive
testing, the auditor considers the level of assurance desired and decides
which procedure(s) can provide such. The auditor also evaluates the risk of
management override of controls, as "substantive analytical procedures
alone are not well suited to detecting fraud" (Paragraph 10).
Factors Influencing Analytical Procedures
Paragraph 11 outlines the factors that influence the efficiency and
effectiveness of an analytical procedure: a) the nature of the assertion, b)
the plausibility and predictability of the relationship, c) the availability and
reliability of the data used to develop the expectation, and d) the precision
of the expectation.
Paragraph 16 focuses on the reliability of data, stating that the auditor
should either test the design and operating effectiveness of controls over
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Substantive Analytical Procedures

in Auditing: A Case Study of

Burlingham Bees Inc.

Auditing Standard 2305: Substantive

Analytical Procedures

Developing Expectations for Analytical Procedures

According to Paragraph 2 of the standard, analytical procedures involve comparisons of recorded amounts or ratios to expectations developed by the auditor. The auditor develops such expectations by identifying and using plausible relationships that are reasonably expected to exist based on the auditor's understanding of the client and the industry.

Paragraph 17 states that the expectation should be precise enough to provide the desired level of assurance that differences that may be potential material misstatements, individually or when aggregated with other misstatements, would be identified for the auditor to investigate. The level of detail used to develop the expectation influences the precision, and the more detailed the expectation, the greater the chance of detecting a misstatement (Paragraph 19).

Reliance on Substantive Analytical Procedures

Paragraph 9 examines an auditor's reliance on substantive tests, which may come from tests of details, analytical procedures, or both. The auditor's judgment on the expected effectiveness and efficiency of the available procedures determines which procedure(s) to use (Paragraph 10).

When conducting analytical procedures intended to provide substantive testing, the auditor considers the level of assurance desired and decides which procedure(s) can provide such. The auditor also evaluates the risk of management override of controls, as "substantive analytical procedures alone are not well suited to detecting fraud" (Paragraph 10).

Factors Influencing Analytical Procedures

Paragraph 11 outlines the factors that influence the efficiency and effectiveness of an analytical procedure: a) the nature of the assertion, b) the plausibility and predictability of the relationship, c) the availability and reliability of the data used to develop the expectation, and d) the precision of the expectation.

Paragraph 16 focuses on the reliability of data, stating that the auditor should either test the design and operating effectiveness of controls over

financial information used in the substantive analytical procedures or perform other procedures to support the completeness and accuracy of the underlying information. The factors that influence the auditor's consideration of the reliability of data include: - Whether the data was obtained from independent sources outside the entity or from sources within the entity - Whether sources within the entity were independent of those who are responsible for the amount being audited - Whether the data was developed under a reliable system with adequate controls - Whether the data was subjected to audit testing in the current or prior year - Whether the expectations were developed using data from a variety of sources

Advantages of Detailed Expectations

There are several advantages of developing an expectation at a detailed level rather than an overall or aggregated level. Developing expectations at a detailed level enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of an analytical procedure, as it increases the chance of detecting a misstatement of any given amount opposed to an aggregated expectation. The level of diversity and complexity of information varies greatly depending on the company, and developing expectations at a more detailed level allows the auditor to gain a better understanding of the client's business operations and disaggregate complexity.

Precise Expectation for Ticket Revenue

To establish the 2014 precise expectation of ticket revenues, the average game attendance, ticket price, game revenue, and number of games must first be calculated for typical weekdays and weekends, as well as promotional weekdays and weekends.

The average attendance on a typical weekday is 6,426 attendees per game. The average ticket price for a weekday game is $8.26, and the average ticket price for a weekend game is $8.30.

The average game revenue is calculated by multiplying the game attendance by the ticket price. Using these calculations, the precise expectation for ticket revenue in 2014 is $4,277,630.86.

Evaluating the Reasonableness of Reported

Ticket Revenues

(a) For this calculation, the tolerable difference cannot exceed the overall materiality of the audit. Considering the reported pre-tax net income of $731,845, the generally accepted level of 5% can be used to determine the materiality range for the actual revenue figure. Thus, the reasonable range for total revenue is between $4,241,038.61 and $4,314,223.11.

(b) If the reported ticket revenues were outside the "reasonableness range," it could be due to: - A misstatement in revenues, either from an error or fraud - Failure in incorporating significant factors that affect games'