EET 06102
AUTOMATION
Module
Number
2
Module Code EET 06102
Module Name Automation
Number of
Credit
8
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Automation and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Lecture notes of Engineering
An overview of automation systems, including the different types of automation (fixed, programmable, and flexible), the components of plc systems (inputs, programming devices, and outputs), and the various programming languages used for plcs (ladder logic, function block diagrams, sequential function charts, structured text, and instruction list). It covers the basic logic gates (and, or, not, nand, nor, xor, xnor) and their implementation in ladder logic, as well as examples of ladder logic programs for starting and stopping a motor. The document also discusses the advantages of plcs, such as reliability, flexibility, and ease of programming, as well as the use of pid control algorithms in automation systems. Overall, this document serves as a comprehensive introduction to the field of automation and the role of plcs in industrial control systems.
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2023/2024
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EET 06102
AUTOMATION
Module
Number
Module Code EET 06102
Module Name Automation
Number of 8
MODULE CONTENTS Identifying electronic devices Analyse sensors and transducers Apply pneumatic and hydraulic systems. Analyse actuation systems Analyse programmable logic controllers
EET 06102 Automation
Describe hydraulic systems
Describe pneumatic systems
Describe the maintenance of electronic
systems
Describe the maintenance of pneumatic and
hydraulic systems
Describe the term actuating system
Identify parts of an actuating system
Describe the working principles of actuating
systems
Module descriptions
Identify programmable logic controllers
Define programmable logic controllers
Describe the working principles of
programmable controllers
Describe the maintenance for programmable
controllers
Module descriptions
EET 06102 Automation AUTOMATION The dictionary defines Automation as “the
technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a
system operate automatically.”
OR Automation is defined as "the creation and
application of technology to monitor and control the
production and delivery of products and services”.
In other words, Automation or automatic control, is the
use of various control systems for operating equipment
such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and
heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks,
steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other
applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human
intervention, with some processes have been completely
automated.
Automation has been achieved by various means including; mechanical, Hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination. Automation…
ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATION 1: High productivity Although many companies hire hundreds of production workers for a up to three shifts to run the plant for the maximum number of hours, the plant still needs to be closed for maintenance and holidays. Industrial automation fulfills the aim of the company by allowing the company to run a manufacturing plant for 24 hours in a day 7 days in a week and 365 days a year. This leads to a significant improvement in the productivity of the company.
ADVANTAGES… 2: High Quality Automation alleviates the error associated with a human being. Further, unlike human beings, robots do not involve any fatigue, which results in products with uniform quality manufactured at different times. 3: High flexibility Adding a new task in the assembly line requires training with a human operator, however, robots can be programmed to do any task. This makes the manufacturing process more flexible.
(^) WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATION?…
Three components of an automated system:
Power
A program of instructions
A control system to carry out the
instructions
There are various control systems used to do the
automation they are
Programable Logic Controller –plc
Numerical Control – CNC
and industrial control system.
These control systems are combined with certain computer-
aided technologies so that industrial process control can be
done very easily. So basically automation can be considered
as the technology which has mechanical electronics and
computer-based system to do its operation.
Automation…
Automation…
Three Basic Types of
Automation
Automation …
Features of Fixed Automation
(^) High initial investment for specialized equipment (^) High production rates (^) The program of instructions cannot be easily changed because it is fixed by the equipment configuration (^) Thus, little or no flexibility to accommodate product variety
Automation … Features of Flexible Automation (^) High investment cost for custom-engineered equipment (^) Capable of producing a mixture of different parts or products without lost production time for changeovers and reprogramming (^) Thus, continuous production of different part or product styles (^) Medium production rates
Automation …