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Covers most, if not all, bacteria. Gram Pos or Gram Neg and the Agar used to help grow them. Stains needed to help identify them. Virulence and treatments for bacteria.
Typology: Cheat Sheet
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Name Gram Shape Capsule Urease Coagulase Catalase Oxidase
Cocci in clusters Cocci in clusters Staph Saprophyticus Cocci in clusters Strep Pyogenes (Group A) Long chains, Hyaluronic acid Strep Agalactiae (Group B) Lancet diplococci Polysaccharide, show w/ Quellung rxn, immune precipitation
Neisseria Meningitidis Diplococci, Could see if C5-C9 is screwed Polysaccharide capsule, Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Diplococci, Could see if C5- C9 is screwed No capsule, but COULD be, facultative intracellular Corynebacterium Diiphtheriae Club-shaped rod in Y/V formation, Chinese letter No spore, granules Listeria Monocytogenes Facultative intracellular rod (Bacilli) Bacilli in chains (rod)
E. Coli Strains: EIEC Invasive; dysentery; similar to Shigella ETEC Traveler’s diarrhea (watery) EPEC Diarrhea, usually in kids EHEC
Dystentery, Shiga-like toxin causes hemolytic uremic syndrome: anemia + thrombocytopenia + acute renal failure due to mic consumption, decreased renal blood flow Klebsiella Pneumonia Comma , curved rod, darting motility
Campylobacter Jejuni Curved rod ( comma ) Curved helical rod (motile, propels itself around) Hemophilus Influenzae Bordetella Pertussis Legionella Pneumophila Rod (Needs silver stain ), cut glass appearance, fluorescing colonies under UV Coccobacilli; fine sand Francisella Tularensis
Borelia Burgdorferi Spirochete Stenotrophomonas Maltophila Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Calymatobacterium Granulomatis (Klebsiella granulomatis) Actinobacillus (Aggregatibacter) Mycobacteriun Tuberculosis Must run AFT, not show-ing on gram Mycobacterium Leprae
Spirochete Spirochete Bacteriodes fragilis Name Gram Shape Capsule Urease Coagulase Catalase Oxidase Rickettsia Poor ly (-) R. Rickettsia R. Prowazekii R. Typhi R. Akari Trench fever (5 day fever): from body lice 🡪headache, exhaustion, leg pains, high relapsing fever, roseolar rash Ehrlichia Species Variable Bacilli
Chlamydia Poor Leptospira Interrogans Treponema Pallidum
Aerobe/Anerobe Test Agar Virulence Factor/Extra Blood (golden) Blood B-hemolytic a-hemolytic PYR (+) Grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile Protein A binds Fe-IgG, echoic acid, B-hemolytic, PVL ASO Titer (Todd units or mg/dL) Erythrogenic Toxin, Streptolycin O, Streptokinase, DNAse, B-hemolytic CAMP, Hippurate test (+), PYR (-) Negative Stain (India Stain) IgA protease, a-hemolytic (green)
Pilus/fimbriae, IgA Protease Ferments glucose Chocolate, VPN (Thayer-Martin) Pilus/fimbriae, IgA Protease Tellurite agar, Loeffler’s medium Meconium sample Obligate aerobe, spores Ferments maltose
MacConkey’s agar (pink) LF, motile Indole +, Urease -, Citrate +, H2S+ Fimbriae K-capsule LPS Endotoxin MacConkey’s agar LF(slowly, sometimes -),motile Immotile
Acid labile ytopenia + acute renal failure due to microthrombi forming on damaged endothelium 🡪mechanical hemolysis, platelet Indole -, H2S -, Urease +, Citrate + Lactose fermenting, pink colonies on MacConkey Proliferates into Lymph nodes Hektoen agar (black), MacConkey’s (NLF) Motile, H2S +, Type 3 secretion system; invade through M cells of Peyer Patches Facultative anaerobic, no spores Hektoen agar (green); MacConkey’s (NLF) Nonmotile, Type 3 secretion system, invade through M cells of Peyer Patches Yellow colonies on Alkaline media (APWater), MacConkey (NLF) O1 and O139 (Bengal strain) are the strains which cause cholera
IgA protease Aerobe Increases cAMP Spread by coughing
Facultative intracellular Obligate aerobe 42*C (prefers heat ), bacteremia (enters GI and invades blood) Chocolate + Factor V (NAD+) and X (hematin) Glycerol Potato Bordet-Jengu 🡪 black pearl colonies Pertussis Toxin ( disables Gi ), Tracheal cytotoxin, Pertactin Urine antigen test(use ELISA) Buffered charcoal yeast extract + Cysteine, iron Blood culture in Trypticase Soy Broth or Thionine Tryptone agar Chocolate agar, Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (won’t grow on MacConkey) Non-motile, slow growing, facultative intracellular parasite
Non-motile, non-sporing Obligate aerobe Acid-fast, Mantoux skin test MacConkey’s agar (at 30*C) Motile, ubiquitous in aqueous environment Wright’s stain (donovon bodies) Granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis (STD) Facultative anaerobic Ferments carbohydrates w/o gas Lowenstein Jensen medium Cord factor, sulfatides, Non-spore forming, non-motile, Acid-fast, leproman skin test (+ in tuberculoid, - in lepramatous) Wright’s Stain, Giemsa stain Northeastern US hiking, Ixodes Scapularis Tick. Reservoir White footed mouse, host White Tailed Deer
VDRL test, RPR, Cardiolipin (FTA Absorbtion test), Silver impregnation test Fluorescent Trep Test, Trep Heme Test Prevotella, B lactamase Oxidase Aerobe/ Test Agar Virulence Factor/Extra Anaerobe Weil-Felix reaction apsing fever, roseolar rash KOH Whiff Test Shows Clue cells Obligate intracellular NATT test Tropical regions, water contaminate with animal urine Darkfield microscopy, or Phase Contrast microscopy Anaerobic, flora in colon Embryonated eggs, Giemsella stain Obligate intracellular, require NAD+, CoA he, chills, fever, aching, nausea, maculopapular rash. If untreated: petechial, hemorrahges, kidney/heart failure n 1-2 weeks Inclusion bodies,
Sensitive/Resistant Treat Diseases Facultative Anaerobe Novobiocin sensitive Vancomycin Novobiocin Resistant Bactiracin sensitive Basitracin resistant Macrolides, Ceftrixone Optochin resistant, Bile resistant Penicillin G resistant Do Oxacillin test 🡪if MRSA (treat w/ vancomycin) Inflammatory ( necrotizing pneumonia , Right-sided Endocarditis, cellulitis, folliculitis) + Toxic Mediated (MRSA, TSS, SSS), food poisoning, osteomyelitis (long bones) Endocarditis (prosthetic), attacks artificial joints/valves UTIs, opportunistic infections Rheumatic & Scarlet Fever, Post-strep Glomerulonephritis, TSLS, cellulitis🡪 Necrotizing Fasciitis, JONES (joints, carditis, nodules, erythema marginatum, Sydenham chorea) Give mom intrapartum penicillin Meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis in neonates Optochin sensitive, Glassgow Brazinski +, Comma scale Pneumonia w/ rust coloured sputum, MOPS ( Septic Meningitis , Otitis media, Pneumonia, Sinusitis), Pleiocytosis 🡪 glucose low/protein hi meningitis Subacute endocarditis in previously damaged valves, Strep mutans (dental carries) UTI, biliary tract infections, subacute endocarditis, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci cause nosocomial infections
Toxoid vaccine Ampicillin If nasal carriage 🡪give ciproflox (fluoroquin) 🡪inhibits gyrase & topoisomerase Ceftriaxone (3rd^ gen ceph), Rifampin prophylaxis of close- contacts, vaccine Meningitis, Waterhouse- Freidirichsen Syndrome (adrenal insufficiency, fever, DIC, shock), echymotic rash, CSF, increase in protein and decrease in glucose 🡪 septic meninigitis Ceftriaxone + treat for Chlamydia Urethritis, prostatitis, Morning Drop (purulent discharge), watercan perineum (M) PID (F) 🡪Fitz-Hugh- Curtis Syndrome, See in non-immunized kids and old people Tough Leathery Pseudomembrane in oropharynx 🡪Bull’s neck, cardiotoxic effects, cervical lymphadenopathy (painful, difficult swallowing, cough) Internacins, Leucine rich proteins (attach to E-cadherins) Aseptic Meningitis in babies and adults >60, CMI response, amnionitis, septicemia, spontaneous abortion in pregnant women, granulomatosis infantiseptica (granulomatous abscess in RES [hepatosplenomegaly]) Fluoroquinolones (Cipro) + Doxycycline + Rifampin Wool Sorter’s disease (Pulmonary anthrax 🡪 hemorrhagic mediastinum, lobar pneumonia, pleural effusions), Cutaneous anthrax (ulcer with black eschar)
